{"id":"hydroxychloroquine-sulfate-loading-dose","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":null,"effect":"Retinopathy"},{"rate":"5-10%","effect":"Nausea and gastrointestinal upset"},{"rate":"3-5%","effect":"Headache"},{"rate":"2-5%","effect":"Pruritus"},{"rate":"<1%","effect":"Cardiomyopathy (rare, with high doses)"},{"rate":"1-3%","effect":"Photosensitivity"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Hydroxychloroquine accumulates in lysosomes and endosomes, raising their pH and interfering with antigen presentation and toll-like receptor activation. This reduces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-17, making it effective in autoimmune and inflammatory conditions. The drug also has weak antimalarial properties through inhibition of heme polymerization in Plasmodium parasites.","oneSentence":"Hydroxychloroquine is an antimalarial and immunomodulatory agent that inhibits toll-like receptor signaling and reduces inflammatory cytokine production.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T00:23:29.914Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Malaria prophylaxis and treatment"},{"name":"Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)"},{"name":"Rheumatoid arthritis"},{"name":"COVID-19 (off-label, limited evidence)"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT03822780","phase":"NA","title":"Hydroxychloroquin (HCQ) in chILD of Genetic Defect","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Children's Hospital of Fudan University","startDate":"2017-07-01","conditions":"Surfactant Dysfunction","enrollment":25},{"nctId":"NCT06408298","phase":"EARLY_PHASE1","title":"HCQ in Resectable Localized Prostate Cancer","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Lionel.D.Lewis, MD","startDate":"2026-01-06","conditions":"Resectable Localized Prostate Cancer","enrollment":20},{"nctId":"NCT02615938","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in Pediatric Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD)","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Matthias Griese","startDate":"2015-08-21","conditions":"Interstitial Lung Disease, Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease, Children´s Interstitial Lung Disease","enrollment":35},{"nctId":"NCT05576896","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Hydroxychloroquine in Combination With Encorafenib and Cetuximab or Panitumumab in the Treatment of Metastatic BRAF-mutated Colorectal Cancer Refractory","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Northwestern University","startDate":"2022-10-10","conditions":"Stage IV Colorectal Cancer Positive for BRAF V600E Mutation, Colorectal Cancer, Colorectal Cancer Stage IV","enrollment":43},{"nctId":"NCT04333654","phase":"PHASE1","title":"Hydroxychloroquine in Outpatient Adults With COVID-19","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Sanofi","startDate":"2020-04-12","conditions":"Coronavirus Infection","enrollment":8},{"nctId":"NCT07021495","phase":"","title":"SKIN Disease Profiling by an Exploratory, pRospective, Biomarker Study in dermatoloGY Practice (SKINERGY)","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Leiden University Medical Center","startDate":"2025-07-29","conditions":"Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria (CSU), Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS), Psoriasis (PsO)","enrollment":840},{"nctId":"NCT04379492","phase":"PHASE2","title":"A Study of Hydroxycholoroquine Compared to Placebo as Treatment for People With COVID-19","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center","startDate":"2020-05-05","conditions":"COVID-19, COVID19, Sars-CoV2","enrollment":""},{"nctId":"NCT04363827","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Protect: Study With Hydroxychloroquine for Prevention and Early Phase Treatment of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori Dino Amadori IRST S.r.l. 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