{"id":"hydroxychloroquine-pill","rwe":[],"tags":[{"label":"Antimalarial","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"Toll-like receptor 9","category":"target"},{"label":"TLR9","category":"gene"},{"label":"SIGMAR1","category":"gene"},{"label":"TMEM97","category":"gene"},{"label":"P01BA02","category":"atc"},{"label":"Oral","category":"route"},{"label":"Tablet","category":"form"},{"label":"Active","category":"status"},{"label":"Discoid lupus erythematosus","category":"indication"},{"label":"Falciparum malaria","category":"indication"},{"label":"Malaria Prevention","category":"indication"},{"label":"Ovale malaria","category":"indication"},{"label":"Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria Prevention","category":"indication"},{"label":"Plasmodium Malariae Malaria Prevention","category":"indication"},{"label":"Sanofi Aventis Us","category":"company"},{"label":"Approved 1950s","category":"decade"},{"label":"Anti-Infective Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Antimalarials","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Antiparasitic Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Antiprotozoal Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Antirheumatic Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Enzyme Inhibitors","category":"pharmacology"}],"phase":"discontinued","safety":{"safetySignals":[{"llr":10167.065,"date":"","count":27482,"signal":"Drug ineffective","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 27,482 times (LLR=10167)"},{"llr":8290.827,"date":"","count":11470,"signal":"Drug intolerance","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 11,470 times (LLR=8291)"},{"llr":6444.617,"date":"","count":8342,"signal":"Contraindicated product administered","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 8,342 times (LLR=6445)"},{"llr":5890.531,"date":"","count":9964,"signal":"Joint swelling","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 9,964 times (LLR=5891)"},{"llr":5828.327,"date":"","count":8586,"signal":"Rheumatoid arthritis","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 8,586 times (LLR=5828)"},{"llr":5560.989,"date":"","count":6966,"signal":"Synovitis","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 6,966 times (LLR=5561)"},{"llr":4563.04,"date":"","count":7097,"signal":"Treatment failure","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 7,097 times (LLR=4563)"},{"llr":3985.308,"date":"","count":6835,"signal":"Arthropathy","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 6,835 times (LLR=3985)"},{"llr":3983.826,"date":"","count":6195,"signal":"Systemic lupus erythematosus","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 6,195 times (LLR=3984)"},{"llr":3741.323,"date":"","count":6131,"signal":"Therapeutic product effect decreased","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 6,131 times (LLR=3741)"},{"llr":3390.232,"date":"","count":5383,"signal":"Pemphigus","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 5,383 times (LLR=3390)"},{"llr":3001.207,"date":"","count":7305,"signal":"Alopecia","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 7,305 times (LLR=3001)"},{"llr":2916.333,"date":"","count":4661,"signal":"Hand deformity","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 4,661 times (LLR=2916)"},{"llr":2886.433,"date":"","count":7382,"signal":"Abdominal discomfort","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 7,382 times (LLR=2886)"},{"llr":2847.594,"date":"","count":4905,"signal":"Glossodynia","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 4,905 times (LLR=2848)"}],"commonSideEffects":[{"effect":"Cardiomyopathy","drugRate":"≥20%","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Hepatic failure acute","drugRate":"≥20%","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Bone marrow failure","drugRate":"≥20%","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Aplastic anemia","drugRate":"≥20%","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Agranulocytosis","drugRate":"≥20%","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Leukopenia","drugRate":"≥20%","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Thrombocytopenia","drugRate":"≥20%","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Hemolysis","drugRate":"≥20%","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Ventricular arrhythmias","drugRate":"≥20%","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Torsade de pointes","drugRate":"≥20%","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Irreversible retinopathy","drugRate":"≥20%","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Visual field defects","drugRate":"≥20%","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Visual disturbances","drugRate":"≥20%","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Maculopathles","drugRate":"≥20%","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Liver function tests abnormal","drugRate":"≥20%","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Urticaria","drugRate":"≥20%","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Angioedema","drugRate":"≥20%","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Bronchospasm","drugRate":"≥20%","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Sensorimotor disorder","drugRate":"≥20%","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Skeletal muscle myopathy","drugRate":"≥20%","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Dermatitis bullous eruptions","drugRate":"≥20%","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Stevens-Johnson syndrome","drugRate":"≥20%","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Toxic epidermal necrolysis","drugRate":"≥20%","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"DRESS syndrome","drugRate":"≥20%","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Photosensitivity","drugRate":"≥20%","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Dermatitis exfoliative","drugRate":"≥20%","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis","drugRate":"≥20%","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Nausea","drugRate":"≥5%","severity":"common"},{"effect":"Vomiting","drugRate":"≥5%","severity":"common"},{"effect":"Diarrhea","drugRate":"≥5%","severity":"common"}],"contraindications":["Alcoholism","Anemia","Anemia due to enzyme deficiency","Deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase","Disease of liver","Disorder of eye","Disorder of macula of retina","Neutropenic disorder","Porphyria","Psoriasis","Retinal disorder","Visual field defect","Visual impairment"],"specialPopulations":{"Pregnancy":"Prolonged clinical experience over decades of use and available data from published epidemiologic and clinical studies with hydroxychloroquine sulfate use in pregnant women have not identified drug-associated risk of major birth defects, miscarriage, or adverse maternal, or fetal outcomes. There are risks to the mother and fetus associated with untreated or increased disease activity from malaria, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus in pregnancy.","Geriatric use":"Clinical studies of hydroxychloroquine sulfate did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. However, this drug is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of toxic reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function.","Paediatric use":"Safety and efficacy have not been established in the chronic use of hydroxychloroquine sulfate for systemic lupus erythematosus and juvenile idiopathic arthritis in children. Children are especially sensitive to the 4-aminoquinoline compounds. Most reported fatalities followed the accidental ingestion of chloroquine, sometimes in small doses.","Renal impairment":"Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection and it may be used with caution in patients with renal impairment."}},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"company":"Sanofi","patents":[],"pricing":[],"allNames":"hydroxychloroquine sulfate","offLabel":[],"synonyms":["hydroxychloroquine","hydroxychloroquine sulfate","oxichloroquine","oxychlorochin","oxychloroquine"],"timeline":[{"date":"1955-04-18","type":"positive","source":"DrugCentral","milestone":"FDA approval (Sanofi Aventis Us)"}],"brandName":"Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate","ecosystem":[{"indication":"Discoid lupus erythematosus","otherDrugs":[{"name":"alclometasone dipropionate","slug":"alclometasone-dipropionate","company":""},{"name":"amcinonide","slug":"amcinonide","company":"Astellas"},{"name":"betamethasone","slug":"betamethasone","company":""},{"name":"betamethasone benzoate","slug":"betamethasone-benzoate","company":"Parke Davis"}],"globalPrevalence":2400000},{"indication":"Falciparum malaria","otherDrugs":[{"name":"artesunate","slug":"artesunate","company":"Amivas"},{"name":"atovaquone","slug":"atovaquone","company":""},{"name":"chloroquine","slug":"chloroquine","company":"Sanofi Aventis Us"},{"name":"halofantrine","slug":"halofantrine","company":"Glaxosmithkline"}],"globalPrevalence":240000},{"indication":"Malaria Prevention","otherDrugs":[{"name":"chloroquine","slug":"chloroquine","company":"Sanofi Aventis Us"}],"globalPrevalence":240000},{"indication":"Ovale malaria","otherDrugs":[{"name":"chloroquine","slug":"chloroquine","company":"Sanofi Aventis Us"}],"globalPrevalence":240000},{"indication":"Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria Prevention","otherDrugs":[{"name":"atovaquone","slug":"atovaquone","company":""},{"name":"chloroquine","slug":"chloroquine","company":"Sanofi Aventis Us"},{"name":"proguanil","slug":"proguanil","company":"Glaxosmithkline"}],"globalPrevalence":240000},{"indication":"Plasmodium Malariae Malaria Prevention","otherDrugs":[{"name":"chloroquine","slug":"chloroquine","company":"Sanofi Aventis Us"}],"globalPrevalence":240000},{"indication":"Plasmodium Ovale Malaria Prevention","otherDrugs":[{"name":"chloroquine","slug":"chloroquine","company":"Sanofi Aventis Us"}],"globalPrevalence":240000},{"indication":"Quartan malaria","otherDrugs":[{"name":"chloroquine","slug":"chloroquine","company":"Sanofi Aventis Us"}],"globalPrevalence":240000}],"mechanism":{"target":"Toll-like receptor 9","novelty":"Follow-on","targets":[{"gene":"TLR9","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Toll-like receptor 9","protein":"Toll-like receptor 9"},{"gene":"SIGMAR1","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1","protein":"Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1"},{"gene":"TMEM97","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Transmembrane protein 97","protein":"Transmembrane protein 97"},{"gene":"CHRM2","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2","protein":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2"},{"gene":"ADRA1D","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor","protein":"Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor"},{"gene":"TLR7","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Toll-like receptor 7","protein":"Toll-like receptor 7"},{"gene":"CHRM3","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3","protein":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3"},{"gene":"CHRM4","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4","protein":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4"},{"gene":"ADRA2A","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor","protein":"Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor"},{"gene":"CHRM1","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1","protein":"Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1"}],"modality":"Small Molecule","drugClass":"Antimalarial","explanation":"Mechanism of action: The precise mechanism by which hydroxychloroquine exhibits activity against Plasmodium is not known. Hydroxychloroquine, like chloroquine, is weak base and may exert its effect by concentrating in the acid vesicles of the parasite and by inhibiting polymerization of heme. It can also inhibit certain enzymes by its interaction with DNA.","oneSentence":"Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate works by interfering with the replication of malaria parasites and modulating the immune system to treat autoimmune diseases.","technicalDetail":"Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate acts as an antimalarial agent by inhibiting the growth of Plasmodium parasites through its action on the parasite's digestive vacuole, and as an immunomodulator by interfering with Toll-like receptor 9, which plays a key role in the activation of the immune system."},"_wikipedia":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxychloroquine","title":"Hydroxychloroquine","extract":"Hydroxychloroquine, sold under the brand name Plaquenil among others, is a medication used to prevent and treat malaria in areas where malaria remains sensitive to chloroquine. Other uses include treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and porphyria cutanea tarda. It is taken by mouth, often in the form of hydroxychloroquine sulfate.","wiki_history":"== History ==\nAfter World War I, the German government sought alternatives to quinine as an anti-malarial. Chloroquine, a synthetic analogue with the same mechanism of action was discovered in 1934, by Hans Andersag and coworkers at the Bayer laboratories. This was introduced into clinical practice in 1947 for the prophylactic treatment of malaria. Researchers subsequently attempted to discover structural analogs with superior properties and one of these was hydroxychloroquine.\n\n=== Chemical synthesis ===\nThe first synthesis of hydroxychloroquine was disclosed in a patent filed by Sterling Drug in 1949. In the final step, 4,7-dichloroquinoline was reacted with a primary amine which in turn had been made from the chloro-ketone shown:\n: class=skin-invert-image|650px"},"commercial":{"launchDate":"1955","_launchSource":"DrugCentral (FDA 1955-04-18, SANOFI AVENTIS US)"},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/1395","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=hydroxychloroquine-pill","fields":["trials"],"source":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"id":3,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=hydroxychloroquine-pill","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"},{"id":4,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxychloroquine","fields":["history","overview"],"source":"Wikipedia"}],"_enrichedAt":"2026-03-30T02:35:27.730124","biosimilars":[],"competitors":[{"drugName":"chloroquine","drugSlug":"chloroquine","fdaApproval":"1949-10-31","patentStatus":"Unknown","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"primaquine","drugSlug":"primaquine","fdaApproval":"1952-01-23","genericCount":3,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"amodiaquine","drugSlug":"amodiaquine","fdaApproval":"","patentStatus":"Unknown","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"tafenoquine","drugSlug":"tafenoquine","fdaApproval":"2018-07-20","patentExpiry":"Dec 2, 2035","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"}],"genericName":"hydroxychloroquine-pill","indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Discoid lupus erythematosus","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":200938002,"regulator":"FDA","eligibility":"Adults","usPrevalence":null,"globalPrevalence":2400000,"prevalenceMethod":"curated","prevalenceSource":"Orphanet (ORPHANET)"},{"name":"Falciparum malaria","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":62676009,"regulator":"FDA","eligibility":"Not recommended for treatment due to resistance","usPrevalence":null,"globalPrevalence":240000,"prevalenceMethod":"curated","prevalenceSource":"Orphanet (European Medicines Agency2015[INST])"},{"name":"Malaria Prevention","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":"","regulator":"FDA","eligibility":"Geographic areas where chloroquine resistance is not reported","usPrevalence":null,"globalPrevalence":240000,"prevalenceMethod":"curated","prevalenceSource":"Orphanet (European Medicines Agency2015[INST])"},{"name":"Ovale malaria","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":19341001,"regulator":"FDA","eligibility":"Not recommended for treatment due to resistance","usPrevalence":null,"globalPrevalence":240000,"prevalenceMethod":"curated","prevalenceSource":"Orphanet (European Medicines Agency2015[INST])"},{"name":"Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria Prevention","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":"","regulator":"FDA","eligibility":"Geographic areas where chloroquine resistance is not reported","usPrevalence":null,"globalPrevalence":240000,"prevalenceMethod":"curated","prevalenceSource":"Orphanet (European Medicines Agency2015[INST])"},{"name":"Plasmodium Malariae Malaria Prevention","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":"","regulator":"FDA","eligibility":"Geographic areas where chloroquine resistance is not reported","usPrevalence":null,"globalPrevalence":240000,"prevalenceMethod":"curated","prevalenceSource":"Orphanet (European Medicines Agency2015[INST])"},{"name":"Plasmodium Ovale Malaria Prevention","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":"","regulator":"FDA","eligibility":"Geographic areas where chloroquine resistance is not reported","usPrevalence":null,"globalPrevalence":240000,"prevalenceMethod":"curated","prevalenceSource":"Orphanet (European Medicines Agency2015[INST])"},{"name":"Quartan malaria","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":27618009,"regulator":"FDA","eligibility":"Not recommended for treatment due to resistance","usPrevalence":null,"globalPrevalence":240000,"prevalenceMethod":"curated","prevalenceSource":"Orphanet (European Medicines Agency2015[INST])"},{"name":"Rheumatoid arthritis","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":69896004,"regulator":"FDA","eligibility":"Adults","usPrevalence":1500000,"globalPrevalence":18000000,"prevalenceMethod":"curated","prevalenceSource":"Lancet Rheumatology, 2023"},{"name":"Systemic lupus erythematosus","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":55464009,"regulator":"FDA","eligibility":"Adults","usPrevalence":null,"globalPrevalence":3496000,"prevalenceMethod":"curated","prevalenceSource":"Orphanet (36241363[PMID])"},{"name":"Vivax malaria","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":27052006,"regulator":"FDA","usPrevalence":null,"globalPrevalence":240000,"prevalenceMethod":"curated","prevalenceSource":"Orphanet (European Medicines Agency2015[INST])"}],"offLabel":[{"name":"Coronavirus infection","source":"DrugCentral","drugName":"hydroxychloroquine-pill","evidenceCount":350979,"evidenceLevel":"strong"},{"name":"Hypercalcemia associated with Sarcoidosis","source":"DrugCentral","drugName":"hydroxychloroquine-pill","evidenceCount":241,"evidenceLevel":"strong"},{"name":"Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis","source":"DrugCentral","drugName":"hydroxychloroquine-pill","evidenceCount":17874,"evidenceLevel":"strong"},{"name":"Polymorphic light eruption","source":"DrugCentral","drugName":"hydroxychloroquine-pill","evidenceCount":348,"evidenceLevel":"strong"},{"name":"Porphyria cutanea tarda","source":"DrugCentral","drugName":"hydroxychloroquine-pill","evidenceCount":2375,"evidenceLevel":"strong"},{"name":"Q fever endocarditis","source":"DrugCentral","drugName":"hydroxychloroquine-pill","evidenceCount":745,"evidenceLevel":"strong"},{"name":"Vasculitis of the skin","source":"DrugCentral","drugName":"hydroxychloroquine-pill","evidenceCount":105801,"evidenceLevel":"strong"}],"pipeline":[]},"drugCategory":"active","labelChanges":[],"relatedDrugs":[{"drugId":"chloroquine","brandName":"chloroquine","genericName":"chloroquine","approvalYear":"1949","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"primaquine","brandName":"primaquine","genericName":"primaquine","approvalYear":"1952","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"amodiaquine","brandName":"amodiaquine","genericName":"amodiaquine","approvalYear":"","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"tafenoquine","brandName":"tafenoquine","genericName":"tafenoquine","approvalYear":"2018","relationship":"same-class"}],"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT02595346","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Study of the Efficiency of Hydroxychloroquine on the Endothelial Dysfunction and Its Vascular Consequences During the Antiphospholipid Syndrome","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University Hospital, Rouen","startDate":"2016-05-17","conditions":["Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS)"],"enrollment":25,"completionDate":"2020-08-05"},{"nctId":"NCT07013110","phase":"PHASE2","title":"An Artificial Intelligence-powered Approach to Precision Immunotherapy of Human Arthritis","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Prof Salvatore Albani","startDate":"2025-06-18","conditions":["Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)","Rheumatology"],"enrollment":124,"completionDate":"2028-11"},{"nctId":"NCT02603146","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Strategy to Prevent the Onset of Clinically-Apparent Rheumatoid Arthritis","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)","startDate":"2016-04-27","conditions":["Healthy Participants","Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Prevention"],"enrollment":144,"completionDate":"2022-11-01"},{"nctId":"NCT04735068","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Binimetinib and Hydroxychloroquine in Patients With Advanced KRAS Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Abramson Cancer Center at Penn Medicine","startDate":"2021-04-09","conditions":["Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer","KRAS Mutation-Related Tumors"],"enrollment":9,"completionDate":"2023-12-31"},{"nctId":"NCT04358302","phase":"NA","title":"Individual Patient Exposure and Response in Pediatric Lupus","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Duke University","startDate":"2020-09-28","conditions":["Systemic Lupus Erythematosus"],"enrollment":26,"completionDate":"2021-06-16"},{"nctId":"NCT06479291","phase":"NA","title":"The Efficacy and Safety of HCQ Plus TPO-RA in ANA Positive ITP","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Yunfeng Cheng","startDate":"2024-07","conditions":["Immune Thrombocytopenia With Positive ANA Antibodies"],"enrollment":126,"completionDate":"2026-12"},{"nctId":"NCT04873895","phase":"PHASE1","title":"TACE Plus Axitinib and Hydroxychlorquine for Liver-Dominant Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (CRC)","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Abramson Cancer Center at Penn Medicine","startDate":"2022-01-24","conditions":["Colorectal Neoplasms Malignant"],"enrollment":5,"completionDate":"2024-04-25"},{"nctId":"NCT04336332","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Randomized Comparison of Combination Azithromycin and Hydroxychloroquine vs. Hydroxychloroquine Alone for the Treatment of Confirmed COVID-19","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","startDate":"2020-04-01","conditions":["SARS-CoV-2","COVID-19"],"enrollment":75,"completionDate":"2020-10-14"},{"nctId":"NCT04341441","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Will Hydroxychloroquine Impede or Prevent COVID-19","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Henry Ford Health System","startDate":"2020-04-07","conditions":["COVID-19","Coronavirus","Coronavirus Infections","SARS-CoV 2"],"enrollment":624,"completionDate":"2020-12-15"},{"nctId":"NCT05013463","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Hydroxychloroquine and Indapamide in SPMS","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"University of 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Symptomatic Disease","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Massachusetts General Hospital","startDate":"2020-04-02","conditions":["Coronavirus","Acute Respiratory Infection","SARS-CoV Infection"],"enrollment":479,"completionDate":"2020-07-23"},{"nctId":"NCT01379573","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Preventive Approach to Congenital Heart Block With Hydroxychloroquine","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"NYU Langone Health","startDate":"2011-01-01","conditions":["Congenital Heart Block","Neonatal Lupus","Autoantibody-Associated Heart Block"],"enrollment":74,"completionDate":"2020-07-16"},{"nctId":"NCT04435587","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Ivermectin vs Combined Hydroxychloroquine and Antiretroviral Drugs (ART) Among Asymptomatic COVID-19 Infection","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Mahidol University","startDate":"2020-07-13","conditions":["Asymptomatic Infections","SARS-CoV2 Infection"],"enrollment":80,"completionDate":"2021-11"},{"nctId":"NCT04374552","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Asymptomatic COVID-19 Trial","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","startDate":"2020-05-05","conditions":["SARS-CoV-2 Infection"],"enrollment":0,"completionDate":"2021-04"},{"nctId":"NCT04363866","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Assessing Hydroxychloroquine in Patients With SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"Oregon Health and Science University","startDate":"2020-08","conditions":["COVID-19","SARS-CoV-2"],"enrollment":0,"completionDate":"2021-09"},{"nctId":"NCT04342156","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Safety And Efficacy Of Hydroxychloroquine For At Risk Population (SHARP) Against COVID-19","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"Tan Tock Seng Hospital","startDate":"2020-04","conditions":["Coronavirus Infection","Hydroxychloroquine Adverse Reaction"],"enrollment":0,"completionDate":"2020-10"},{"nctId":"NCT04554979","phase":"","title":"COVID-19 Disease Duration and GIT Manifestations. A New Disease Severity Classification. An Egyptian Experience","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Cairo University","startDate":"2020-06-01","conditions":["Covid19","Diarrhea"],"enrollment":199,"completionDate":"2020-07-15"},{"nctId":"NCT04363203","phase":"PHASE3","title":"VA Remote and Equitable Access to COVID-19 Healthcare Delivery (VA-REACH TRIAL)","status":"SUSPENDED","sponsor":"Salomeh Keyhani MD","startDate":"2020-04-30","conditions":["SARS-CoV-2","COVID-19"],"enrollment":300,"completionDate":"2021-08"},{"nctId":"NCT04377646","phase":"PHASE3","title":"A Study of Hydroxychloroquine and Zinc in the Prevention of COVID-19 Infection in Military Healthcare Workers","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Military Hospital of Tunis","startDate":"2020-05-04","conditions":["Sars-CoV2","COVID19"],"enrollment":660,"completionDate":"2020-07-31"},{"nctId":"NCT04331470","phase":"PHASE2,PHASE3","title":"Evaluation of Efficacy of Levamisole and Formoterol+Budesonide in Treatment of COVID-19","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Fasa University of Medical Sciences","startDate":"2020-04-04","conditions":["COVID-19"],"enrollment":30,"completionDate":"2020-05-20"},{"nctId":"NCT00568880","phase":"PHASE1","title":"Hydroxychloroquine and Bortezomib in Treating Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Abramson Cancer Center at Penn Medicine","startDate":"2010-09-08","conditions":["Multiple Myeloma and Plasma Cell Neoplasm"],"enrollment":25,"completionDate":"2011-06-22"},{"nctId":"NCT04161339","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Anti-Inflammatory Drug and Endothelial Function","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul","startDate":"2019-07-01","conditions":["Cardiovascular Diseases","Endothelial Dysfunction","Sleep Apnea","Atherosclerosis","Coronary Artery Disease"],"enrollment":50,"completionDate":"2020-06-30"},{"nctId":"NCT02379650","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) for Recurrent Pregnancy Loss","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"University of 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Urticaria"],"enrollment":0,"completionDate":"2012-06"}],"genericFilers":[],"latestUpdates":[],"manufacturing":[],"administration":{"route":"Oral","formulation":"Tablet","formulations":[{"form":"TABLET","route":"ORAL","productName":"HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE SULFATE"},{"form":"TABLET","route":"ORAL","productName":"HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE SULFATEfilm coated"},{"form":"TABLET","route":"ORAL","productName":"Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate"},{"form":"TABLET","route":"ORAL","productName":"Hydroxychloroquine sulfate"},{"form":"TABLET","route":"ORAL","productName":"Plaquenil"},{"form":"TABLET","route":"ORAL","productName":"Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate"},{"form":"TABLET","route":"ORAL","productName":"Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate"},{"form":"TABLET, FILM COATED","route":"ORAL","productName":"Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate"},{"form":"TABLET, FILM COATED","route":"ORAL","productName":"Hydroxychloroquine sulfate"},{"form":"TABLET, FILM COATED","route":"ORAL","productName":"Hydroxychloroquinesulfate"},{"form":"TABLET, FILM 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It targets Toll-like receptor 9 and has been FDA-approved since 1955 for various indications including discoid lupus erythematosus and malaria. The medication has a long half-life of 850 hours and high bioavailability of 74%. Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate is used to treat several types of malaria and autoimmune diseases. Its commercial status is owned by SANOFI AVENTIS US, but generic manufacturers are unknown.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":3,"trialStats":{"total":14,"withResults":5},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}