{"id":"hydroxychloroquine-lopinavir-ritonavir","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":null,"effect":"Gastrointestinal disturbance (nausea, diarrhea)"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Headache"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Retinopathy (hydroxychloroquine)"},{"rate":null,"effect":"QT prolongation"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Hepatotoxicity"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Hydroxychloroquine is an antimalarial agent that increases endosomal pH and interferes with viral entry and immune signaling pathways. Lopinavir/ritonavir is a protease inhibitor combination that blocks HIV and coronavirus protease enzymes, preventing viral polyprotein processing and replication. Together, they were investigated for synergistic antiviral and immunomodulatory effects, particularly in viral infections.","oneSentence":"This combination uses hydroxychloroquine to modulate immune response and autophagy while lopinavir/ritonavir inhibits viral protease to reduce viral replication.","_ai_confidence":"medium"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T00:55:16.036Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"COVID-19 (investigational, Phase 3)"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT04315948","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Trial of Treatments for COVID-19 in Hospitalized Adults","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, France","startDate":"2020-03-22","conditions":"Corona Virus Infection","enrollment":1552},{"nctId":"NCT04390152","phase":"PHASE1, PHASE2","title":"Safety and Efficacy of Intravenous Wharton's Jelly Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Due to COVID 19","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"BioXcellerator","startDate":"2020-01-13","conditions":"Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome","enrollment":6},{"nctId":"NCT02735707","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Randomized, Embedded, Multifactorial Adaptive Platform Trial for Community- Acquired Pneumonia","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"UMC Utrecht","startDate":"2016-04-11","conditions":"Community-acquired Pneumonia, Influenza, COVID-19","enrollment":20000},{"nctId":"NCT04351503","phase":"","title":"A Systems Approach to Predict the Outcome of SARS-CoV-2 in the Population of a City; COVID-19","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland","startDate":"2020-04-09","conditions":"SARS Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Infection","enrollment":126586},{"nctId":"NCT04381936","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"University of Oxford","startDate":"2020-03-19","conditions":"Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome","enrollment":70000},{"nctId":"NCT04328285","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Chemoprophylaxis of SARS-CoV-2 Infection (COVID-19) in Exposed Healthcare Workers","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint Etienne","startDate":"2020-04-14","conditions":"COVID-19","enrollment":118},{"nctId":"NCT04354428","phase":"PHASE2, PHASE3","title":"Treatment for COVID-19 in High-Risk Adult Outpatients","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"University of Washington","startDate":"2020-04-16","conditions":"COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2","enrollment":289},{"nctId":"NCT05302947","phase":"","title":"COVID-19 Study at the Russian Clinical and Research Center of Gerontology of the Pirogov RNRMU","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University","startDate":"2020-02-01","conditions":"COVID-19, Mild to Moderate","enrollment":154},{"nctId":"NCT04374539","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Plasma Exchange in Patients With COVID-19 Disease and Invasive Mechanical Ventilation: a Randomized Controlled Trial","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Fundacion Clinic per a la Recerca Biomédica","startDate":"2020-04-29","conditions":"Coronavirus","enrollment":36},{"nctId":"NCT04394182","phase":"NA","title":"Ultra Low Doses of Therapy With Radiation Applicated to COVID-19","status":"SUSPENDED","sponsor":"Fundacion GenesisCare","startDate":"2020-04-21","conditions":"Pneumonia, Viral, Cytokine Storm","enrollment":15},{"nctId":"NCT05024006","phase":"NA","title":"Public Health Emergency: SOLIDARITY TRIAL Philippines","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of the Philippines","startDate":"2020-04-23","conditions":"Covid19","enrollment":1314},{"nctId":"NCT04303299","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Fight COVID-19 Trial","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Department of Medical Services Ministry of Public Health of Thailand","startDate":"2020-08-19","conditions":"SARS-COV-2 Infections, COVID-19","enrollment":320},{"nctId":"NCT04410510","phase":"PHASE2, PHASE3","title":"P2Et Extract in the Symptomatic Treatment of Subjects With COVID-19","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Hospital Universitario San Ignacio","startDate":"2020-09-30","conditions":"COVID, Coronavirus Infection, SARS-CoV 2","enrollment":100},{"nctId":"NCT04353180","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Assessment the Activity Value of Isotretinoin (13- Cis-Retinoic Acid ) in the Treatment of COVID-19 ( Isotretinoin in Treatment of COVID-19) (Randomized)","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Kafrelsheikh University","startDate":"2021-08","conditions":"COVID19","enrollment":100000},{"nctId":"NCT04380818","phase":"NA","title":"Low Dose Anti-inflammatory Radiotherapy for the Treatment of Pneumonia by COVID-19","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Grupo de Investigación Clínica en Oncología Radioterapia","startDate":"2020-06-05","conditions":"Pneumonia, Viral","enrollment":106},{"nctId":"NCT04475120","phase":"PHASE2, PHASE3","title":"Efficacy and Safety of Liposomal Lactoferrin in COVID-19 Patients With Mild-to-Moderate Disease and in COVID-19 Asymptomatic Patients","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of Rome Tor Vergata","startDate":"2020-04-15","conditions":"Covid19","enrollment":92},{"nctId":"NCT04365582","phase":"PHASE3","title":"OUTpatient Treatment of COVID-19 in Patients With Risk Factor for Poor Outcome","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"Fondation Hôpital Saint-Joseph","startDate":"2020-05-07","conditions":"COVID","enrollment":""},{"nctId":"NCT04459702","phase":"PHASE2","title":"A Study of Combination Therapies to Treat COVID-19 Infection","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"ProgenaBiome","startDate":"2020-07","conditions":"COVID, COVID-19, Corona Virus Infection","enrollment":""},{"nctId":"NCT04779047","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Comparative Therapeutic Efficacy and Safety of Different Antiviral and Anti Inflammatory Drugs in COVID-19 Patients.","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"October 6 University","startDate":"2020-10-01","conditions":"Covid19, Pneumonia","enrollment":150},{"nctId":"NCT04351724","phase":"PHASE2, PHASE3","title":"Austrian CoronaVirus Adaptive Clinical Trial (COVID-19)","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Medical University of Vienna","startDate":"2020-04-16","conditions":"COVID-19","enrollment":500},{"nctId":"NCT04403100","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Hydroxychloroquine and Lopinavir/ Ritonavir to Improve the Health of People With COVID-19: \"The Hope Coalition - 1\"","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Cardresearch","startDate":"2020-06-03","conditions":"COVID-19, Coronavirus Infection, Virus Disease","enrollment":1968},{"nctId":"NCT04386447","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Phase II RCT to Assess Efficacy of Intravenous Administration of Oxytocin in Patients Affected by COVID-19","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma","startDate":"2020-09-01","conditions":"Covid-19, Corona Virus Infection, SARS-CoV 2","enrollment":""},{"nctId":"NCT04403646","phase":"NA","title":"Tannin Specific Natural Extract for COVID-19 Infection","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Hospital de Clinicas José de San Martín","startDate":"2020-06-12","conditions":"COVID-19, SARS-CoV 2, Coronavirus Infection","enrollment":124},{"nctId":"NCT04359667","phase":"","title":"Serum IL-6 and Soluble IL-6 Receptor in Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia Treated With Tocilizumab","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Croatia","startDate":"2020-06-16","conditions":"COVID-19, Severe Pneumonia","enrollment":30},{"nctId":"NCT04542694","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Study of Favipiravir Compared to Standard of Care in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Promomed, LLC","startDate":"2020-05-21","conditions":"COVID-19","enrollment":200},{"nctId":"NCT04361422","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Isotretinoin in Treatment of COVID-19","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Tanta University","startDate":"2020-12-01","conditions":"COVID-19","enrollment":300},{"nctId":"NCT04434248","phase":"PHASE2, PHASE3","title":"An Adaptive Study of Favipiravir Compared to Standard of Care in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Chromis LLC","startDate":"2020-04-23","conditions":"COVID-19","enrollment":330},{"nctId":"NCT04376814","phase":"NA","title":"Favipiravir Plus Hydroxychloroquine and Lopinavir/Ritonavir Plus Hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Baqiyatallah Medical Sciences University","startDate":"2020-03-29","conditions":"COVID-19, Favipiravir, Kaletra","enrollment":40},{"nctId":"NCT04412746","phase":"","title":"Covid-19 and Diabetes in West of Algeria","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Laboratoire De Recherche Sur Le Diabete, Université de Tlemcen","startDate":"2020-04-01","conditions":"Coronavirus Infections, Diabetes Mellitus, Prevalence","enrollment":100},{"nctId":"NCT04307693","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Comparison of Lopinavir/Ritonavir or Hydroxychloroquine in Patients With Mild Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Asan Medical Center","startDate":"2020-03-11","conditions":"COVID-19","enrollment":65},{"nctId":"NCT04374071","phase":"","title":"Early Short Course Corticosteroids in COVID-19","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Henry Ford Health System","startDate":"2020-03-12","conditions":"COVID, Pneumonia, Viral","enrollment":250},{"nctId":"NCT04343768","phase":"PHASE2","title":"An Investigation Into Beneficial Effects of Interferon Beta 1a, Compared to Interferon Beta 1b And The Base Therapeutic Regiment in Moderate to Severe COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences","startDate":"2020-04-09","conditions":"COVID-19","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT04368351","phase":"","title":"Bacteriotherapy in the Treatment of COVID-19","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"University of Roma La Sapienza","startDate":"2020-03-01","conditions":"COVID, Pneumonia, Diarrhea","enrollment":70},{"nctId":"NCT04366089","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Oxygen-Ozone as Adjuvant Treatment in Early Control of COVID-19 Progression and Modulation of the Gut Microbial Flora","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Roberto Poscia MD, PhD","startDate":"2020-03-26","conditions":"COVID, SARS-CoV 2, Pneumonia, Viral","enrollment":152},{"nctId":"NCT04333589","phase":"NA","title":"Corona Virus Disease 2019 Patients Whose Nucleic Acids Changed From Negative to Positive","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Peking University First Hospital","startDate":"2020-04-01","conditions":"COVID-19","enrollment":210},{"nctId":"NCT04320277","phase":"PHASE2, PHASE3","title":"Baricitinib in Symptomatic Patients Infected by COVID-19: an Open-label, Pilot Study.","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Hospital of Prato","startDate":"2020-05-16","conditions":"Pharmacological Action","enrollment":200},{"nctId":"NCT04323345","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Efficacy of Natural Honey Treatment in Patients With Novel Coronavirus","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Misr University for Science and Technology","startDate":"2020-04-15","conditions":"COVID-19","enrollment":1000},{"nctId":"NCT04350671","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Interferon Beta 1a in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences","startDate":"2020-04-15","conditions":"COVID-19","enrollment":40},{"nctId":"NCT04350684","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Umifenovir in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences","startDate":"2020-04-15","conditions":"COVID-19","enrollment":40},{"nctId":"NCT04331470","phase":"PHASE2, PHASE3","title":"Evaluation of Efficacy of Levamisole and Formoterol+Budesonide in Treatment of COVID-19","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Fasa University of Medical Sciences","startDate":"2020-04-04","conditions":"COVID-19","enrollment":30}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":65,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":[],"phase":"phase_3","status":"active","brandName":"Hydroxychloroquine + lopinavir/ritonavir","genericName":"Hydroxychloroquine + lopinavir/ritonavir","companyName":"UMC Utrecht","companyId":"umc-utrecht","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"This combination uses hydroxychloroquine to modulate immune response and autophagy while lopinavir/ritonavir inhibits viral protease to reduce viral replication. Used for COVID-19 (investigational, Phase 3).","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}