{"id":"hexamethonium","rwe":[{"pmid":"41795123","year":"2026","title":"Alternative Pathways of Acetylcholine Release in the Colon: Role of High-Affinity Choline Transporters.","finding":"","journal":"Neurogastroenterology and motility","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41676842","year":"2026","title":"Macrophage Depletion by Intracerebroventricular Administration of Clodronate-Liposome Attenuates the Development of Angiotensin II-Salt-Induced Neurogenic Hypertension in Rats.","finding":"","journal":"JMA journal","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41557056","year":"2026","title":"Autonomic neural control of motor activity in the intestine of freshwater barramundi (Lates calcarifer).","finding":"","journal":"Cell and tissue research","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41273343","year":"2026","title":"Agonist-induced depression of cholinergic current in Aplysia bag cell neurons requires ionotropic acetylcholine receptor trafficking.","finding":"","journal":"The Journal of physiology","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41138392","year":"2025","title":"Antihypertensive effects of the treatment with ATZ and losartan in L-NAME hypertensive rats.","finding":"","journal":"Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical","studyType":"Clinical Study"}],"tags":[{"label":"hexamethonium","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4","category":"target"},{"label":"CHRNA4","category":"gene"},{"label":"CHRNB2","category":"gene"},{"label":"CHRNA6","category":"gene"},{"label":"Active","category":"status"},{"label":"Antihypertensive Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Cardiovascular Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Cholinergic Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Cholinergic Antagonists","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Ganglionic Blockers","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Neurotransmitter Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Nicotinic Antagonists","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Peripheral Nervous System Agents","category":"pharmacology"}],"phase":"phase_2","safety":{},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"patents":[],"pricing":[],"allNames":"hexanium","offLabel":[],"synonyms":["hexamethonium","benzohexamethonium","hexamethone","hexanium","hexathonide","hexamethonium bromide","hexamethonium dibromide","hexamethonium dibromide dihydrate"],"timeline":[],"approvals":[],"brandName":"Hexanium","ecosystem":[],"mechanism":{"target":"Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-6, Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4, Neuronal acetylcholine receptor; alpha4/beta2","targets":[{"gene":"CHRNA4","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4","protein":"Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4"},{"gene":"CHRNB2","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Neuronal acetylcholine receptor; alpha4/beta2","protein":"Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2"},{"gene":"CHRNA6","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-6","protein":"Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-6"},{"gene":"CHRNB4","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Neuronal acetylcholine receptor; alpha4/beta4","protein":"Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4"}],"modality":"Small Molecule","drugClass":"hexamethonium","explanation":"Think of acetylcholine as a key that unlocks a door in the nervous system. Hexamethonium is like a lock that prevents the key from turning, effectively blocking the signal that can cause certain bodily functions to occur. This can help to reduce symptoms associated with conditions such as hypertension and certain types of arrhythmias.","oneSentence":"Hexamethonium works by blocking the action of acetylcholine at nicotinic receptors in the autonomic nervous system.","technicalDetail":"Hexamethonium acts as a competitive antagonist at the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4, preventing the binding of acetylcholine and subsequent depolarization of the postsynaptic neuron."},"commercial":{},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/1366","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=HEXAMETHONIUM","fields":["trials"],"source":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"id":3,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=HEXAMETHONIUM","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"}],"_enrichedAt":"2026-03-30T13:51:30.689791","biosimilars":[],"competitors":[{"drugName":"acetylcholine","drugSlug":"acetylcholine","fdaApproval":"1973-10-09","patentStatus":"Unknown","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"carbachol","drugSlug":"carbachol","fdaApproval":"1972-09-28","genericCount":2,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"choline","drugSlug":"choline","fdaApproval":"","genericCount":12,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"decamethonium","drugSlug":"decamethonium","fdaApproval":"1975-05-21","patentStatus":"Unknown","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"nicotine","drugSlug":"nicotine","fdaApproval":"1991-11-07","genericCount":1,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"tubocurarine","drugSlug":"tubocurarine","fdaApproval":"1945-02-20","patentStatus":"Unknown","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"varenicline","drugSlug":"varenicline","fdaApproval":"2006-05-10","patentExpiry":"Oct 19, 2035","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-target"}],"dataSources":[{"url":"https://drugcentral.org","name":"DrugCentral","fields":["indications","contraindications","safety","target","drugInteractions"],"retrievedDate":"2026-04-07"}],"genericName":"hexamethonium","indications":{"approved":[],"offLabel":[],"pipeline":[]},"drugCategory":"active","labelChanges":[],"relatedDrugs":[{"drugId":"acetylcholine","brandName":"acetylcholine","genericName":"acetylcholine","approvalYear":"1973","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"carbachol","brandName":"carbachol","genericName":"carbachol","approvalYear":"1972","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"choline","brandName":"choline","genericName":"choline","approvalYear":"","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"decamethonium","brandName":"decamethonium","genericName":"decamethonium","approvalYear":"1975","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"nicotine","brandName":"nicotine","genericName":"nicotine","approvalYear":"1991","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"tubocurarine","brandName":"tubocurarine","genericName":"tubocurarine","approvalYear":"1945","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"varenicline","brandName":"varenicline","genericName":"varenicline","approvalYear":"2006","relationship":"same-target"}],"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT05997121","phase":"","title":"Safety and Performance of the Hexanium TLIF System in the Treatment of Degenerative Disc Disease","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"SPINEVISION SAS","startDate":"2021-07-09","conditions":["Intervertebral Disc Degeneration"],"enrollment":187,"completionDate":"2027-10-30"},{"nctId":"NCT06155409","phase":"","title":"Safety and Performance of the SPINEVISION Hexanium ACIF in the Treatment of Cervical Spine Degenerative Disc Disease","status":"ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING","sponsor":"SPINEVISION SAS","startDate":"2021-07-06","conditions":["Intervertebral Disc Degeneration"],"enrollment":148,"completionDate":"2027-07-31"},{"nctId":"NCT01945814","phase":"PHASE1","title":"Allogeneic Multivirus - Directed Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (CTL)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Catherine Bollard","startDate":"2014-02","conditions":["EBV","CMV","Adenovirus"],"enrollment":27,"completionDate":"2018-10-16"},{"nctId":"NCT01626703","phase":"NA","title":"Effect of Depressin Screening and Care Program at Community Health Center","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"National Clinical Research Coordination Center, Seoul, Korea","startDate":"2012-06","conditions":["Depression","Screening","Elderly"],"enrollment":86,"completionDate":"2013-03"}],"genericFilers":[],"latestUpdates":[],"manufacturing":[],"administration":{},"crossReferences":{"NDDF":"001772","UNII":"3C9PSP36Z2","CHEBI":"CHEBI:5700","INN_ID":"2047","UMLSCUI":"C0062637","ChEMBL_ID":"CHEMBL105608","KEGG_DRUG":"D02204","DRUGBANK_ID":"DB08960","PUBCHEM_CID":"3604","SNOMEDCT_US":"49839002","IUPHAR_LIGAND_ID":"3963","SECONDARY_CAS_RN":"55-97-0","MESH_DESCRIPTOR_UI":"D018738"},"formularyStatus":[],"_enricherVersion":"v2","developmentCodes":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"publicationCount":5449,"therapeuticAreas":["Neuroscience"],"biosimilarFilings":[],"recentPublications":[{"date":"2026 Mar","pmid":"41795123","title":"Alternative Pathways of Acetylcholine Release in the Colon: Role of High-Affinity Choline Transporters.","journal":"Neurogastroenterology and motility"},{"date":"2026 Jan 15","pmid":"41676842","title":"Macrophage Depletion by Intracerebroventricular Administration of Clodronate-Liposome Attenuates the Development of Angiotensin II-Salt-Induced Neurogenic Hypertension in Rats.","journal":"JMA journal"},{"date":"2026 Jan 20","pmid":"41557056","title":"Autonomic neural control of motor activity in the intestine of freshwater barramundi (Lates calcarifer).","journal":"Cell and tissue research"},{"date":"2026 Jan","pmid":"41273343","title":"Agonist-induced depression of cholinergic current in Aplysia bag cell neurons requires ionotropic acetylcholine receptor trafficking.","journal":"The Journal of physiology"},{"date":"2025 Dec","pmid":"41138392","title":"Antihypertensive effects of the treatment with ATZ and losartan in L-NAME hypertensive rats.","journal":"Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical"}],"companionDiagnostics":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"status":"active","companyName":"","companyId":"","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Hexamethonium, also known as Hexanium, is a small molecule drug that targets the neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4. It belongs to the hexamethonium class and is used to treat conditions related to the autonomic nervous system. However, there is limited information available on its commercial status, approved indications, and pharmacokinetic properties. Further research is needed to determine its potential as a therapeutic agent. As a result, its current status in the pharmaceutical market is unclear.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"partial","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":false,"safety":false,"trials":true,"score":2}}