{"id":"hctz-monotherapy","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":"10-20","effect":"Hypokalemia"},{"rate":"5-10","effect":"Hyperglycemia"},{"rate":"5-10","effect":"Hyperuricemia"},{"rate":"1-5","effect":"Hyponatremia"},{"rate":"rare","effect":"Ototoxicity (at high doses)"},{"rate":"1-3","effect":"Photosensitivity"},{"rate":"5-10","effect":"Erectile dysfunction"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"HCTZ blocks the sodium-chloride cotransporter (NCC) in the distal convoluted tubule, leading to increased urinary sodium and water excretion. This reduces blood volume and total peripheral resistance, thereby lowering blood pressure. It is commonly used as monotherapy or in combination with other antihypertensive agents for hypertension management.","oneSentence":"HCTZ (hydrochlorothiazide) is a thiazide diuretic that reduces blood pressure by inhibiting sodium and chloride reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule of the kidney.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T01:15:00.283Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Hypertension"},{"name":"Edema associated with congestive heart failure, hepatic cirrhosis, and renal disease"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT00307060","phase":"PHASE3","title":"MK0954A-264 Filter Study (0954A-264)(COMPLETED)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Organon and Co","startDate":"2004-12-01","conditions":"Mild to Severe Hypertension","enrollment":274},{"nctId":"NCT00447603","phase":"PHASE3","title":"A Study of Losartan Compared to Losartan/HCTZ in Pediatric Patients With Hypertension 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