{"id":"gossypol","rwe":[{"pmid":"41901226","year":"2026","title":"Exploring the Anti-Cervical Cancer Effect and Hepatotoxicity Risk of Gossypol Based on Untargeted Metabolomics and Network Toxicology.","finding":"","journal":"Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41855638","year":"2026","title":"Gossypol suppresses tumorigenesis through inhibition of multiple deubiquitinating enzymes.","finding":"","journal":"Bioorganic chemistry","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41799086","year":"2026","title":"Revealing the Binding Mechanism of Gossypol on Bcl‑2 via Funnel Metadynamics Simulations.","finding":"","journal":"ACS omega","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41793511","year":"2026","title":"Overexpression of GhAAP3 increases Helicoverpa armigera feeding by altering hormonal and metabolic composition in cotton.","finding":"","journal":"Plant cell reports","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41753755","year":"2026","title":"A Marine Alkaline Protease from Bacillus safensis DL12: Heterologous Expression, Purification and Preliminary Application in Animal Feed.","finding":"","journal":"Microorganisms","studyType":"Clinical Study"}],"tags":[{"label":"gossypol","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2","category":"target"},{"label":"BCL2","category":"gene"},{"label":"MCL1","category":"gene"},{"label":"ASPH","category":"gene"},{"label":"Active","category":"status"},{"label":"Contraceptive Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Contraceptive Agents, Male","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Reproductive Control Agents","category":"pharmacology"}],"phase":"phase_3","safety":{},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"patents":[],"pricing":[],"allNames":"gosipol","offLabel":[],"synonyms":["gossypol sodium","gossypol dipotassium","gossypol potassium","gosipol","gossypol"],"timeline":[],"aiSummary":"Gossypol, also known as GOSSYPOL, is a small molecule drug that targets the apoptosis regulator Bcl-2. It is a member of the gossypol drug class and was originally developed by. However, its current owner is unknown. Gossypol has not been approved by the FDA for any indications, and its commercial status, including whether it is patented or generic, is also unknown.","approvals":[],"brandName":"Gosipol","ecosystem":[],"mechanism":{"target":"Aspartyl/asparaginyl beta-hydroxylase, Apoptosis regulator Bcl-W, Bcl-2-like protein 1","targets":[{"gene":"BCL2","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2","protein":"Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2"},{"gene":"MCL1","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein Mcl-1","protein":"Induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein Mcl-1"},{"gene":"ASPH","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Aspartyl/asparaginyl beta-hydroxylase","protein":"Aspartyl/asparaginyl beta-hydroxylase"},{"gene":"BAD","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Bcl2-associated agonist of cell death","protein":"Bcl2-associated agonist of cell death"},{"gene":"BCL2L1","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Bcl-2-like protein 1","protein":"Bcl-2-like protein 1"},{"gene":"AKR1B1","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Aldose reductase","protein":"Aldose reductase"},{"gene":"LDHB","source":"DrugCentral","target":"L-lactate dehydrogenase B chain","protein":"L-lactate dehydrogenase B chain"},{"gene":"LDHA","source":"DrugCentral","target":"L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain","protein":"L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain"},{"gene":"ESR1","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Estrogen receptor","protein":"Estrogen receptor"},{"gene":"MPG","source":"DrugCentral","target":"DNA-3-methyladenine glycosylase","protein":"DNA-3-methyladenine glycosylase"}],"modality":"Small Molecule","drugClass":"gossypol","explanation":"Think of Bcl-2 as a guardian that helps keep cells alive. Gossypol is like a key that locks the guardian in place, preventing it from doing its job and allowing the cell to die. This can be helpful in treating certain types of cancer.","oneSentence":"Gossypol works by binding to and inhibiting the Bcl-2 protein, which is involved in regulating cell death.","technicalDetail":"Gossypol binds to the BH3 binding groove of Bcl-2, disrupting its ability to interact with other proteins and inhibit apoptosis."},"commercial":{},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/1328","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=GOSSYPOL","fields":["trials"],"source":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"id":3,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=GOSSYPOL","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"}],"_enrichedAt":"2026-03-30T13:49:40.484224","biosimilars":[],"competitors":[{"drugName":"bazedoxifene","drugSlug":"bazedoxifene","fdaApproval":"2013-10-03","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"chlorotrianisene","drugSlug":"chlorotrianisene","fdaApproval":"","genericCount":1,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"clomifene","drugSlug":"clomifene","fdaApproval":"1967-02-01","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"conjugated estrogens","drugSlug":"conjugated-estrogens","fdaApproval":"1942-05-08","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"danazol","drugSlug":"danazol","fdaApproval":"1976-06-21","genericCount":3,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"dienestrol","drugSlug":"dienestrol","fdaApproval":"1947-01-09","genericCount":2,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"diethylstilbestrol","drugSlug":"diethylstilbestrol","fdaApproval":"1973-05-30","genericCount":1,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"elacestrant","drugSlug":"elacestrant","fdaApproval":"2023-01-27","patentExpiry":"Oct 3, 2036","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"estetrol","drugSlug":"estetrol","fdaApproval":"2021-04-15","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"estradiol","drugSlug":"estradiol","fdaApproval":"1975-07-23","patentExpiry":"Nov 21, 2032","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-target"}],"dataSources":[{"url":"https://drugcentral.org","name":"DrugCentral","fields":["indications","contraindications","safety","target","drugInteractions"],"retrievedDate":"2026-04-07"}],"genericName":"gossypol","indications":{"approved":[],"offLabel":[],"pipeline":[]},"drugCategory":"active","labelChanges":[],"relatedDrugs":[{"drugId":"bazedoxifene","brandName":"bazedoxifene","genericName":"bazedoxifene","approvalYear":"2013","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"chlorotrianisene","brandName":"chlorotrianisene","genericName":"chlorotrianisene","approvalYear":"","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"clomifene","brandName":"clomifene","genericName":"clomifene","approvalYear":"1967","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"conjugated-estrogens","brandName":"conjugated estrogens","genericName":"conjugated estrogens","approvalYear":"1942","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"danazol","brandName":"danazol","genericName":"danazol","approvalYear":"1976","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"dienestrol","brandName":"dienestrol","genericName":"dienestrol","approvalYear":"1947","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"diethylstilbestrol","brandName":"diethylstilbestrol","genericName":"diethylstilbestrol","approvalYear":"1973","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"elacestrant","brandName":"elacestrant","genericName":"elacestrant","approvalYear":"2023","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"estetrol","brandName":"estetrol","genericName":"estetrol","approvalYear":"2021","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"estradiol","brandName":"estradiol","genericName":"estradiol","approvalYear":"1975","relationship":"same-target"}],"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT07337551","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Gossypol Acetate + FOLFIRI + Bev in mCRC With TP53-Mutant and LRPPRC 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Myeloma"],"enrollment":10,"completionDate":"2023-12-20"},{"nctId":"NCT06133088","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Dalpiciclib Combination With Fulvestrant and Compound Gossyfol Acetate Tablets in Women With CDK4/6 Inhibitor-refractory HR-positive HER-2 Negtive Metastatic Breast Cancer: a Phase 2 Clinical Trial.","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Zhejiang Cancer Hospital","startDate":"2023-08-01","conditions":["Advanced HR-positive and HER2-negative Breast Cancer; CDK4/6 Inhibitor Treatment Failed"],"enrollment":53,"completionDate":"2025-08-31"},{"nctId":"NCT01633541","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Chemotherapy AND Bcl-xL Inhibitor (AT-101) For Organ Preservation In Adults With Advanced Laryngeal Cancer","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center","startDate":"2012-03","conditions":["Laryngeal Cancer"],"enrollment":55,"completionDate":"2021-11-06"},{"nctId":"NCT05338931","phase":"PHASE1,PHASE2","title":"Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of AT101 in Patients With Relapsed 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and Androgen Ablation Therapy in Treating Patients With Newly Diagnosed Metastatic Prostate Cancer","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"National Cancer Institute (NCI)","startDate":"2009-07","conditions":["Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate","Stage IV Prostate Cancer"],"enrollment":55,"completionDate":"2012-06"},{"nctId":"NCT00773955","phase":"PHASE2","title":"R-(-)-Gossypol Acetic Acid in Treating Patients With Recurrent Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"National Cancer Institute (NCI)","startDate":"2008-11","conditions":["Extensive Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer","Recurrent Small Cell Lung Cancer"],"enrollment":15,"completionDate":"2010-08"},{"nctId":"NCT00848016","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Gossypol Acetic Acid in Treating Patients With Recurrent, Metastatic, or Primary Adrenocortical Cancer That Cannot Be Removed By Surgery","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"National Cancer Institute (NCI)","startDate":"2009-02","conditions":["Recurrent Adrenocortical 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