{"id":"glatiramer-acetate-ga","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":"~90%","effect":"Injection site reactions (erythema, induration, pain)"},{"rate":"~10-15%","effect":"Lipoatrophy at injection sites"},{"rate":"~15-20%","effect":"Systemic post-injection reaction (flushing, chest tightness, dyspnea, palpitations)"},{"rate":"~10%","effect":"Headache"},{"rate":"~5-10%","effect":"Nausea"},{"rate":"~5-10%","effect":"Asthenia/fatigue"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Glatiramer acetate mimics myelin basic protein and acts as a decoy antigen, shifting the immune response from pro-inflammatory Th1/Th17 cells toward anti-inflammatory Th2 and regulatory T cells. This reduces the attack on myelin-producing oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system. The exact molecular targets remain incompletely characterized, but the drug is believed to work through T cell receptor engagement and subsequent immune tolerance mechanisms.","oneSentence":"Glatiramer acetate is a synthetic polypeptide that modulates immune responses by promoting the differentiation of T cells toward anti-inflammatory phenotypes and reducing autoreactive T cell responses in multiple sclerosis.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-27T23:47:08.751Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS)"},{"name":"Clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) with high risk of developing multiple sclerosis"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT05344469","phase":"","title":"A NIS Evaluating Various Injectable and Oral Treatments in Patients With Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Novartis Pharmaceuticals","startDate":"2022-05-10","conditions":"Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis","enrollment":800},{"nctId":"NCT03362294","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Safety and Efficacy of Monthly Long-acting IM Injection of 25mg or 40 mg GA Depot in Subjects With PPMS","status":"ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Mapi Pharma Ltd.","startDate":"2017-12-11","conditions":"Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis","enrollment":30},{"nctId":"NCT02212886","phase":"PHASE1, PHASE2","title":"Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of Monthly Long-acting IM Injection of 80 or 40 mg GA Depot in Subjects With RRMS","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Mapi Pharma Ltd.","startDate":"2014-10","conditions":"Multiple Sclerosis","enrollment":25},{"nctId":"NCT04121221","phase":"PHASE3","title":"A Study to Asses Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Monthly Long-acting IM Injection of GA Depot in Subjects With RMS","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Mapi Pharma Ltd.","startDate":"2019-09-19","conditions":"Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting","enrollment":1016},{"nctId":"NCT06003972","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Asses the Anti-inflammatory Effects of Short Term Copaxone Therapy on Patients the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Hadassah Medical Organization","startDate":"2021-01-04","conditions":"Acute Decompensated Heart Failure, Cytokine Storm, Inflammatory Response","enrollment":14},{"nctId":"NCT00326625","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Clinical Trial of Glatiramer Acetate in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd.","startDate":"2006-07-27","conditions":"Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis","enrollment":366},{"nctId":"NCT01067521","phase":"PHASE3","title":"A Study in Subjects With Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) to Assess the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Glatiramer Acetate (GA) Injection 40 mg Administered Three Times a Week Compared to Placebo","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D, Inc.","startDate":"2010-06-22","conditions":"Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis","enrollment":1404},{"nctId":"NCT00937157","phase":"NA","title":"Comparison of 1.5T vs. 3T Protocols After Treatment With Glatiramer Acetate (GA)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University at Buffalo","startDate":"2007-09","conditions":"Multiple Sclerosis","enrollment":12},{"nctId":"NCT01569451","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Comparison of Rituximab Induction Therapy Followed by Glatiramer Acetate","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of Colorado, Denver","startDate":"2012-02","conditions":"Multiple Sclerosis","enrollment":53},{"nctId":"NCT00856635","phase":"PHASE3","title":"A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Multicenter Study of the Effects of Glatiramer Acetate (GA) on the Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer (RNFL) and Visual Function in Patients With a First Episode of Acute Optic Neuritis (AON). 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modulates immune responses by promoting the differentiation of T cells toward anti-inflammatory phenotypes and reducing autoreactive T cell responses in multiple sclerosis. Used for Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), Clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) with high risk of developing multiple sclerosis.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}