{"id":"foam-sclerotherapy","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":null,"effect":"Thrombophlebitis"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Skin necrosis"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Hyperpigmentation"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Matting (new telangiectasia)"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Allergic reaction"}]},"_chembl":{"chemblId":"CHEMBL2107974","moleculeType":"Small molecule"},"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"The foam formulation increases the surface area contact between the sclerosing agent and the vein endothelium, enhancing efficacy compared to liquid sclerotherapy. The sclerosant damages the vein wall, triggering an inflammatory response that results in fibrosis and permanent closure of the targeted vessel. This allows blood flow to be redirected through healthy veins.","oneSentence":"Foam sclerotherapy involves injecting a sclerosing agent in foam form into abnormal veins to cause inflammation and fibrosis, leading to vein closure and reabsorption.","_ai_confidence":"medium"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-27T23:30:44.899Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sclerotherapy","title":"Sclerotherapy","extract":"Sclerotherapy \nis a procedure used to treat blood vessel malformations and also malformations of the lymphatic system. A medication is injected into the vessels, which makes them shrink. It is used for children and young adults with vascular or lymphatic malformations. In adults, sclerotherapy is often used to treat spider veins, smaller varicose veins, hemorrhoids, and hydroceles."},"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Varicose veins"},{"name":"Venous insufficiency"},{"name":"Spider veins and telangiectasia"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT07445425","phase":"NA","title":"Comparison of Radiofrequency Ablation With Concomitant or Staged Treatment for Tributary Varicose Veins","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital","startDate":"2026-03","conditions":"Varicose Veins of Lower Limb","enrollment":206},{"nctId":"NCT06766968","phase":"NA","title":"Prolonged Compression Following Foam Sclerotherapy","status":"ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University","startDate":"2024-12-16","conditions":"Chronic Venous Disorder, Varicose Veins Leg","enrollment":140},{"nctId":"NCT03041805","phase":"","title":"Caprini Score in Venous Surgery: a Prospective Cohort Study","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University","startDate":"2017-01-01","conditions":"Venous Thromboembolism, Varicose Veins","enrollment":3000},{"nctId":"NCT04111692","phase":"","title":"A Prospective Observational Study of Foam Sclerotherapy .","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Mayo Clinic","startDate":"2017-11-06","conditions":"Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney, Renal Cyst, Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Liver Disease","enrollment":100},{"nctId":"NCT07276243","phase":"NA","title":"Polidocanol Foam With or Without Transdermal Laser for Varicose Veins: Randomized Clinical Trial","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Hospital Universitario Pedro Ernesto","startDate":"2026-01-01","conditions":"Varicose Veins","enrollment":102},{"nctId":"NCT06667570","phase":"NA","title":"Efficacy of the SALFOAM 3% Method Compared to the Conventional Polidocanol Foam Method (Tessari Method) for Treating Lower Limb Varicose Veins","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Lidiane Rocha","startDate":"2024-10-25","conditions":"Varicose Veins","enrollment":35},{"nctId":"NCT07239284","phase":"","title":"Efficacy and Safety of Endovenous Ablation for Relief of Knee Pain in Elderly Patients With Lower Extremity Varicose Veins: A Prospective Observational Study","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","startDate":"2025-12-10","conditions":"Varicose Veins of Lower Limb, Chronic Venous Insufficiency, CVI, Knee Pain","enrollment":50},{"nctId":"NCT07221695","phase":"NA","title":"Embolization Strategies for Pelvic Venous Disorders: Foam + Glue vs Foam + Coils","status":"ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION","sponsor":"Kafrelsheikh University","startDate":"2025-08-25","conditions":"Pelvic Congestive Syndrome","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT07163312","phase":"","title":"Knee Pain Relief After Endovenous Treatment for Lower Limb Varicose Veins: A Prospective Observational Study","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","startDate":"2025-10-01","conditions":"Varicose Veins of Lower Limb, Chronic Venous Insufficiency, CVI, Knee Pain Chronic","enrollment":50},{"nctId":"NCT07162844","phase":"NA","title":"Foam and Liquid Sclerotherapy With or Without Herbal Gel for Small Vein Treatment","status":"ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Kafrelsheikh University","startDate":"2024-09-05","conditions":"Telangectasia, Reticular Veins","enrollment":508},{"nctId":"NCT02557542","phase":"NA","title":"Pilot RCT Evaluating a One Stop Vein Clinic","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Imperial College London","startDate":"2015-10","conditions":"Varicose Veins","enrollment":3},{"nctId":"NCT06175754","phase":"NA","title":"Laser Treatment of Reticular Leg Veins Vs. Sclerotherapy","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Derzhavin Tambov State University","startDate":"2023-10-09","conditions":"Reticular Leg Veins","enrollment":174},{"nctId":"NCT04737941","phase":"NA","title":"Finnish Venous Ulcer Study (FINNULCER Study)","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Oulu University Hospital","startDate":"2021-02-26","conditions":"Venous Leg Ulcer","enrollment":248},{"nctId":"NCT06693245","phase":"","title":"Observation of Pain During the Treatment of Great Saphenous Vein Using Microwave Ablation， and Analysis of Related Factors","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","startDate":"2024-12-01","conditions":"Vascular Disease，Peripheral, Venous Insufficiency of Leg, Varicose Veins of Lower Limb","enrollment":155},{"nctId":"NCT03416413","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Study of Foam Sclerotherapy Versus Ambulatory Phlebectomy","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Imperial College London","startDate":"2018-02-01","conditions":"Varicose Veins","enrollment":160},{"nctId":"NCT04686097","phase":"NA","title":"Percutaneous Electrocoagulation Versus Sclerosing Foam for Patients With Incompetent Perforating Veins","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University","startDate":"2021-01-01","conditions":"Incompetent Perforating Veins","enrollment":84},{"nctId":"NCT03795064","phase":"NA","title":"Immediate Versus Early Endovenous Ablation In Venous Ulcer","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Oulu University Hospital","startDate":"2018-12-05","conditions":"Venous Ulcer","enrollment":23},{"nctId":"NCT01347294","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Compare Two Different Sclerosing Agents in the Treatment of Venous Malformations","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Oslo University Hospital","startDate":"2011-08","conditions":"Venous Malformation","enrollment":135},{"nctId":"NCT06031740","phase":"NA","title":"A Comparison of Flexible Endoscopic Polidocanol Liquid and Foam Sclerotherapy in Cirrhotic Patients With Bleeding From Internal Hemorrhoids","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, India","startDate":"2023-09-07","conditions":"Liver Cirrhosis, Internal Hemorrhoid","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT05807425","phase":"PHASE2, PHASE3","title":"Polidocanol Foam in Hemorrhoidal Disease in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Universidade do Porto","startDate":"2023-03-31","conditions":"Hemorrhoids, Liver Cirrhosis","enrollment":40},{"nctId":"NCT04486599","phase":"NA","title":"Electromagnetic Navigation During Ultrasound Guided Foam Sclerotherapy for Venous Malformations","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University Hospital, Toulouse","startDate":"2020-07-15","conditions":"Venous Malformation","enrollment":30},{"nctId":"NCT02655406","phase":"NA","title":"COmpressioN Following Endovenous TreatmenT of Incompetent Varicose Veins","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Imperial College London","startDate":"2016-01","conditions":"Varicose Veins","enrollment":180},{"nctId":"NCT05468450","phase":"NA","title":"RCT Comparing EVLA Versus Polidocanol Foam in the Treatment of SSV Insufficiency","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Societe Francaise de Phlebologie","startDate":"2015-07-01","conditions":"Varicose Veins of Lower Limb","enrollment":161},{"nctId":"NCT04484168","phase":"NA","title":"Axial Ablation Versus Terminal Interruption of the Reflux Source","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"University College Hospital Galway","startDate":"2020-07-21","conditions":"Venous Ulcer","enrollment":308},{"nctId":"NCT05089500","phase":"NA","title":"The Two Treatment Methods Compared the Sclerosing Agent Injection and the Rubber Wrapping","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University","startDate":"2021-11-01","conditions":"Hemorrhoid, Hemorrhoids, Hemorrhoids Internal","enrollment":984},{"nctId":"NCT03791775","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Efficacy and Safety of Polidocanol Foam 3% in the Treatment of II Degree Hemorrhoidal Disease","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Societa Italiana di Chirurgia ColoRettale","startDate":"2019-01-02","conditions":"Second-degree Hemorrhoids","enrollment":183},{"nctId":"NCT04774939","phase":"NA","title":"EVLA and Optimal Timing of Sclerotherapy","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Turku University Hospital","startDate":"2021-03-15","conditions":"Venous Reflux","enrollment":350},{"nctId":"NCT04675177","phase":"PHASE2, PHASE3","title":"Polidocanol Foam VS Artery Ligation in Hemorrhoidal Disease","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Universidade do Porto","startDate":"2019-09-01","conditions":"Hemorrhoids","enrollment":45},{"nctId":"NCT04655417","phase":"EARLY_PHASE1","title":"is Ultrasound-guided Foam Sclerotherapy a Cost-effective Alternate for Treatment of Varicose Veins?","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Combined Military Hospital, Pakistan","startDate":"2020-02-21","conditions":"Pain, Leg Edema, Cost Effectiveness","enrollment":70},{"nctId":"NCT04091763","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Polidocanol Foam Versus Rubber Band Ligation in the Treatment of Hemorrhoidal Disease","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Universidade do Porto","startDate":"2018-08-01","conditions":"Hemorrhoids, Internal","enrollment":120},{"nctId":"NCT04188171","phase":"PHASE2, PHASE3","title":"Sclerotherapy With Polidocanol Foam In The Treatment Of Hemorrhoidal Disease In Patients With Bleeding Disorders","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Universidade do Porto","startDate":"2018-08-01","conditions":"Hemorrhoids, Bleeding Disorder","enrollment":150},{"nctId":"NCT04398823","phase":"PHASE4","title":"A Multicenter Prospective Clinical Study of Endoscopic Foam Sclerotherapy for Internal Hemorrhoids","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine","startDate":"2020-05-15","conditions":"Grade/Stage I Hemorrhoids, Prolapsed Grade II Internal Haemorrhoid, Prolapsed Grade III Internal Haemorrhoid","enrollment":700},{"nctId":"NCT04203043","phase":"PHASE2","title":"The Prevstain Trial","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"University of Sao Paulo General Hospital","startDate":"2020-02-28","conditions":"Varicose Veins","enrollment":338},{"nctId":"NCT01408732","phase":"PHASE1, PHASE2","title":"Office-sclerotherapy for Epistaxis Due to Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of Minnesota","startDate":"2011-02","conditions":"Epistaxis, Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia","enrollment":18},{"nctId":"NCT02010437","phase":"PHASE4","title":"RCT Comparing Standard Cannula Delivered FS, UGFS and ClariVein® in the Management of SVI","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust","startDate":"2014-01","conditions":"Superficial Venous Insufficiency, Varicose Veins","enrollment":""},{"nctId":"NCT03652025","phase":"NA","title":"The Effectiveness of Trans-catheter Foam Sclerotherapy of Pelvic and Atypical Lower Limb Varicosities","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Assiut University","startDate":"2018-10-15","conditions":"Venous Insufficiency","enrollment":20},{"nctId":"NCT02753270","phase":"NA","title":"Catheter-directed Foam Sclerotherapy With Tumescence","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of Sao Paulo","startDate":"2014-12","conditions":"Varicose Vein of Lower Limbs","enrollment":50},{"nctId":"NCT02798445","phase":"NA","title":"TAPIRS Technique Plus Adjustable Compression System in Treatment of Venous Leg Ulcers","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Hospital Occidente de Kennedy","startDate":"2016-06","conditions":"Venous Ulcer","enrollment":26},{"nctId":"NCT01298908","phase":"NA","title":"Comparison of Treatments in Venous Insufficiency","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Helsinki University Central Hospital","startDate":"2007-10","conditions":"Venous Insufficiency","enrollment":231},{"nctId":"NCT01990170","phase":"","title":"Longterm Outcomes of Venous Ulcers After Foam Sclerotherapy","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Heart of England NHS Trust","startDate":"2013-11","conditions":"Chronic Venous Hypertension With Ulcer and Inflammation","enrollment":67},{"nctId":"NCT02304146","phase":"","title":"Long-term Ultrasound Guided Foam Sclerotherapy Versus Classical Surgical Stripping Study","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Maastricht University Medical Center","startDate":"2014-11","conditions":"Varicose Veins","enrollment":460},{"nctId":"NCT00621062","phase":"NA","title":"Prospective Randomized Trial Comparing the New Endovenous Procedures Versus Conventional Surgery for Varicose Veins Due to Great Saphenous Vein Incompetence","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Uppsala University","startDate":"2008-01","conditions":"Varicose Veins","enrollment":540},{"nctId":"NCT02010723","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Surgery Versus Sclerotherapy for Isolated Accessory Great Saphenous Vein Varicosis","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Medical University of Vienna","startDate":"2006-06","conditions":"Varicose Veins","enrollment":40},{"nctId":"NCT01594658","phase":"","title":"Venous Ulcer Treatment With Foam Versus Conservative Treatment","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Hospital Occidente de Kennedy","startDate":"2011-07","conditions":"Venous Ulcer","enrollment":46},{"nctId":"NCT00529672","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Surgery or Noninvasive Therapy for Varicose Veins","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Erasmus Medical Center","startDate":"2007-05","conditions":"Varicose Vein","enrollment":240},{"nctId":"NCT01103258","phase":"NA","title":"FOAM-study, Cost Minimization Study Comparing Surgery Versus Duplex Guided Foam Sclerotherapy of Varicose Veins","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Maastricht University Medical Center","startDate":"2006-02","conditions":"Varicose Vein Disease","enrollment":460},{"nctId":"NCT00991497","phase":"NA","title":"A Trial to Compare the Outcome of Localised Varicosity Compression for 24 Hours and 5 Days After Foam Sclerotherapy to Truncal Varices","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust","startDate":"2007-01","conditions":"Varicose Veins","enrollment":124},{"nctId":"NCT00348764","phase":"PHASE3","title":"ESGVS: Sclerotherapy With Lauromacrogol","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University Hospital, Grenoble","startDate":"2004-03","conditions":"Venous Insufficiency, Saphenous Vein","enrollment":150}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":825,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":[],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"Foam sclerotherapy","genericName":"Foam sclerotherapy","companyName":"Imperial College London","companyId":"imperial-college-london","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Foam sclerotherapy involves injecting a sclerosing agent in foam form into abnormal veins to cause inflammation and fibrosis, leading to vein closure and reabsorption. Used for Varicose veins, Venous insufficiency, Spider veins and telangiectasia.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":2,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}