{"id":"fluorouracil","rwe":[],"_fda":{"id":"d05a8a27-b7f9-40cc-a36a-97209fc998b1","set_id":"06475bd8-66d9-4f88-90e4-b367480dab39","openfda":{"nui":["N0000000233","N0000175595"],"unii":["U3P01618RT"],"route":["TOPICAL"],"rxcui":["105583"],"spl_id":["d05a8a27-b7f9-40cc-a36a-97209fc998b1"],"brand_name":["FLUOROURACIL"],"spl_set_id":["06475bd8-66d9-4f88-90e4-b367480dab39"],"package_ndc":["51862-362-40"],"product_ndc":["51862-362"],"generic_name":["FLUOROURACIL"],"product_type":["HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG"],"substance_name":["FLUOROURACIL"],"pharm_class_epc":["Nucleoside Metabolic Inhibitor [EPC]"],"pharm_class_moa":["Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors [MoA]"],"manufacturer_name":["Mayne Pharma Inc."],"application_number":["ANDA077524"],"is_original_packager":[true]},"version":"3","warnings":["WARNINGS Application to mucous membranes should be avoided due to the possibility of local inflammation and ulceration. Additionally, cases of miscarriage and a birth defect (ventricular septal defect) have been reported when Fluorouracil Cream was applied to mucous membrane areas during pregnancy. Occlusion of the skin with resultant hydration has been shown to increase percutaneous penetration of several topical preparations. If any occlusive dressing is used in treatment of basal cell carcinoma, there may be an increase in the severity of inflammatory reactions in the adjacent normal skin. A porous gauze dressing may be applied for cosmetic reasons without increase in reaction. Exposure to ultraviolet rays should be minimized during and immediately following treatment with Fluorouracil Cream because the intensity of the reaction may be increased. Patients should discontinue therapy with Fluorouracil Cream if symptoms of DPD enzyme deficiency develop (see CONTRAINDICATIONS ). Rarely, life-threatening toxicities such as stomatitis, diarrhea, neutropenia, and neurotoxicity have been reported with intravenous administration of fluorouracil in patients with DPD enzyme deficiency. One case of life-threatening systemic toxicity has been reported with the topical use of Fluorouracil Cream in a patient with DPD enzyme deficiency. Symptoms included severe abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, vomiting, fever, and chills. Physical examination revealed stomatitis, erythematous skin rash, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, inflammation of the esophagus, stomach, and small bowel. Although this case was observed with 5% fluorouracil cream, it is unknown whether patients with profound DPD enzyme deficiency would develop systemic toxicity with lower concentrations of topically applied fluorouracil."],"pregnancy":["Pregnancy See CONTRAINDICATIONS ."],"overdosage":["OVERDOSAGE There have been no reports of overdosage with Fluorouracil Cream. The oral LD 50 for the 5% topical cream was 234 mg/kg in rats and 39 mg/kg in dogs. These doses represented 11.7 and 1.95 mg/kg of fluorouracil, respectively. The topical application of the 5% cream to rats yielded an LD 50 of greater than 500 mg/kg."],"description":["DESCRIPTION Fluorouracil Cream, USP 5% is a topical preparation containing the fluorinated pyrimidine 5-fluorouracil, an antineoplastic antimetabolite. Fluorouracil Cream contains 5% fluorouracil in a vanishing cream base consisting of white petrolatum, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, propylene glycol, polysorbate 60, parabens (methyl and propyl), and purified water. Chemically, fluorouracil is 5-fluoro-2,4(1 H ,3 H )-pyrimidinedione. It is a white to practically white crystalline powder which is sparingly soluble in water and slightly soluble in alcohol. One gram of fluorouracil is soluble in 100 mL of propylene glycol. The molecular weight of 5-fluorouracil is 130.08 and the structural formula is: Chemical Structure"],"precautions":["PRECAUTIONS General There is a possibility of increased absorption through ulcerated or inflamed skin. Information for Patients Patients should be forewarned that the reaction in the treated areas may be unsightly during therapy and, usually, for several weeks following cessation of therapy. Patients should be instructed to avoid exposure to ultraviolet rays during and immediately following treatment with Fluorouracil Cream because the intensity of the reaction may be increased. If Fluorouracil Cream is applied with the fingers, the hands should be washed immediately afterward. Fluorouracil Cream should not be applied on the eyelids or directly into the eyes, nose or mouth because irritation may occur. Fluorouracil, including Fluorouracil Cream may be fatal if ingested by pets. Avoid allowing pets to contact the Fluorouracil Cream container or the skin where Fluorouracil Cream has been applied. Store Fluorouracil Cream out of reach of pets. Safely discard or clean any cloth or applicator that may retain Fluorouracil Cream and avoid leaving any residues of Fluorouracil Cream on your hands, clothing, carpeting or furniture. Laboratory Tests Solar keratoses which do not respond should be biopsied to confirm the diagnosis. Follow-up biopsies should be performed as indicated in the management of superficial basal cell carcinoma. Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility Adequate long-term studies in animals to evaluate carcinogenic potential have not been conducted with fluorouracil. Studies with the active ingredient of Fluorouracil Cream, 5-fluorouracil, have shown positive effects in in vitro tests for mutagenicity and on impairment of fertility. 5-Fluorouracil was positive in three in vitro cell neoplastic transformation assays. In the C3H/10T ½ clone 8 mouse embryo cell system, the resulting morphologically transformed cells formed tumors when inoculated into immunosuppressed syngeneic mice. While no evidence for mutagenic activity was observed in the Ames test (three studies), fluorouracil has been shown to be mutagenic in the survival count rec-assay with Bacillus subtilis and in the Drosophila wing-hair spot test. Fluorouracil produced petite mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and was positive in the micronucleus test (bone marrow cells of male mice). Fluorouracil was clastogenic in vitro (i.e., chromatid gaps, breaks and exchanges) in Chinese hamster fibroblasts at concentrations of 1.0 and 2.0 mcg/mL and has been shown to increase sister chromatid exchange in vitro in human lymphocytes. In addition, 5-fluorouracil has been reported to produce an increase in numerical and structural chromosome aberrations in peripheral lymphocytes of patients treated with this product. Doses of 125 to 250 mg/kg, administered intraperitoneally, have been shown to induce chromosomal aberrations and changes in chromosome organization of spermatogonia in rats. Spermatogonial differentiation was also inhibited by fluorouracil, resulting in transient infertility. However, in studies with a strain of mouse which is sensitive to the induction of sperm head abnormalities after exposure to a range of chemical mutagens and carcinogens, fluorouracil was inactive at oral doses of 5 to 80 mg/kg/day. In female rats, fluorouracil administered intraperitoneally at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg during the preovulatory phase of oogenesis significantly reduced the incidence of fertile matings, delayed the development of preimplantation and postimplantation embryos, increased the incidence of preimplantation lethality and induced chromosomal anomalies in these embryos. Single-dose intravenous and intraperitoneal injections of 5-fluorouracil have been reported to kill differentiated spermatogonia and spermatocytes (at 500 mg/kg) and to produce abnormalities in spermatids (at 50 mg/kg) in mice. Pregnancy See CONTRAINDICATIONS . Nursing Mothers It is not known whether Fluorouracil Cream is excreted in human milk. Because there is some systemic absorption of fluorouracil after topical administration (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY ), because many drugs are excreted in human milk, and because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue use of the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother. Pediatric Use Safety and effectiveness in children have not been established."],"how_supplied":["HOW SUPPLIED Fluorouracil Cream, USP 5% is available in 40 g tubes containing 5% fluorouracil (NDC 51862-362-40) in a vanishing cream base consisting of white petrolatum, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, propylene glycol, polysorbate 60, parabens (methyl and propyl), and purified water. Store at 20 - 25°C (68 - 77°F) [See USP Controlled Room Temperature]."],"pediatric_use":["Pediatric Use Safety and effectiveness in children have not been established."],"effective_time":"20211104","nursing_mothers":["Nursing Mothers It is not known whether Fluorouracil Cream is excreted in human milk. Because there is some systemic absorption of fluorouracil after topical administration (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY ), because many drugs are excreted in human milk, and because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue use of the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother."],"laboratory_tests":["Laboratory Tests Solar keratoses which do not respond should be biopsied to confirm the diagnosis. Follow-up biopsies should be performed as indicated in the management of superficial basal cell carcinoma."],"adverse_reactions":["ADVERSE REACTIONS The most frequent adverse reactions to Fluorouracil Cream occur locally and are often related to an extension of the pharmacological activity of the drug. These include burning, crusting, allergic contact dermatitis, pruritus, scarring, rash, soreness, and ulceration. Ulcerations, other local reactions, cases of miscarriage, and a birth defect (ventricular septal defect) have been reported when Fluorouracil Cream was applied to mucous membrane areas. Leukocytosis is the most frequent hematological side effect. Although a causal relationship is remote, other adverse reactions which have been reported infrequently are: Central Nervous System: Emotional upset, insomnia, irritability. Gastrointestinal: Medicinal taste, stomatitis. Hematological: Eosinophilia, thrombocytopenia, toxic granulation. Integumentary: Alopecia, blistering, bullous pemphigoid, discomfort, ichthyosis, scaling, suppuration, swelling, telangiectasia, tenderness, urticaria, skin rash. Special Senses: Conjunctival reaction, corneal reaction, lacrimation, nasal irritation. Miscellaneous: Herpes simplex. To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS contact Mayne Pharma at 1-844-825-8500 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.FDA.gov/medwatch."],"contraindications":["CONTRAINDICATIONS Fluorouracil Cream may cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women with either the topical or the parenteral forms of fluorouracil. One birth defect (cleft lip and palate) has been reported in the newborn of a patient using Fluorouracil Cream as recommended. One birth defect (ventricular septal defect) and cases of miscarriage have been reported when Fluorouracil Cream was applied to mucous membrane areas. Multiple birth defects have been reported in a fetus of a patient treated with intravenous fluorouracil. Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with Fluorouracil Cream. Fluorouracil administered parenterally has been shown to be teratogenic in mice, rats, and hamsters when given at doses equivalent to the usual human intravenous dose; however, the amount of fluorouracil absorbed systemically after topical administration to actinic keratoses is minimal (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY ). Fluorouracil exhibited maximum teratogenicity when given to mice as single intraperitoneal injections of 10 to 40 mg/kg on Day 10 or 12 of gestation. Similarly, intraperitoneal doses of 12 to 37 mg/kg given to rats between Days 9 and 12 of gestation and intramuscular doses of 3 to 9 mg/kg given to hamsters between Days 8 and 11 of gestation were teratogenic and/or embryotoxic (i.e., resulted in increased resorptions or embryolethality). In monkeys, divided doses of 40 mg/kg given between Days 20 and 24 of gestation were not teratogenic. Doses higher than 40 mg/kg resulted in abortion. Fluorouracil Cream should not be used in patients with dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) enzyme deficiency. A large percentage of fluorouracil is catabolized by the DPD enzyme. DPD enzyme deficiency can result in shunting of fluorouracil to the anabolic pathway, leading to cytotoxic activity and potential toxicities. Fluorouracil Cream is contraindicated in women who are or may become pregnant during therapy. If this drug is used during pregnancy, or if the patient becomes pregnant while using this drug, the patient should be apprised of the potential hazard to the fetus. Fluorouracil Cream is also contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to any of its components."],"general_precautions":["General There is a possibility of increased absorption through ulcerated or inflamed skin."],"storage_and_handling":["Store at 20 - 25°C (68 - 77°F) [See USP Controlled Room Temperature]."],"clinical_pharmacology":["CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY There is evidence that the metabolism of fluorouracil in the anabolic pathway blocks the methylation reaction of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid. In this manner, fluorouracil interferes with the synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and to a lesser extent inhibits the formation of ribonucleic acid (RNA). Since DNA and RNA are essential for cell division and growth, the effect of fluorouracil may be to create a thymine deficiency which provokes unbalanced growth and death of the cell. The effects of DNA and RNA deprivation are most marked on those cells which grow more rapidly and take up fluorouracil at a more rapid rate. The catabolic metabolism of fluorouracil results in degradation products (e.g., CO 2 , urea, α-fluoro-β-alanine) which are inactive. Systemic absorption studies of topically applied fluorouracil have been performed on patients with actinic keratoses using tracer amounts of 14 C-labeled fluorouracil added to a 5% preparation. All patients had been receiving nonlabeled fluorouracil until the peak of the inflammatory reaction occurred (2 to 3 weeks), ensuring that the time of maximum absorption was used for measurement. One gram of labeled preparation was applied to the entire face and neck and left in place for 12 hours. Urine samples were collected. At the end of 3 days, the total recovery ranged between 0.48% and 0.94% with an average of 0.76%, indicating that approximately 5.98% of the topical dose was absorbed systemically. If applied twice daily, this would indicate systemic absorption of topical fluorouracil to be in the range of 5 to 6 mg per daily dose of 100 mg. In an additional study, negligible amounts of labeled material were found in plasma, urine, and expired CO 2 after 3 days of treatment with topically applied 14 C-labeled fluorouracil."],"indications_and_usage":["INDICATIONS AND USAGE Fluorouracil Cream is recommended for the topical treatment of multiple actinic or solar keratoses. In the 5% strength, it is also useful in the treatment of superficial basal cell carcinomas when conventional methods are impractical, such as with multiple lesions or difficult treatment sites. Safety and efficacy in other indications have not been established. The diagnosis should be established prior to treatment, since this method has not been proven effective in other types of basal cell carcinomas. With isolated, easily accessible basal cell carcinomas, surgery is preferred since success with such lesions is almost 100%. The success rate with Fluorouracil Cream is approximately 93%, based on 113 lesions in 54 patients. Eighty-eight lesions treated with the cream produced 7 failures."],"information_for_patients":["Information for Patients Patients should be forewarned that the reaction in the treated areas may be unsightly during therapy and, usually, for several weeks following cessation of therapy. Patients should be instructed to avoid exposure to ultraviolet rays during and immediately following treatment with Fluorouracil Cream because the intensity of the reaction may be increased. If Fluorouracil Cream is applied with the fingers, the hands should be washed immediately afterward. Fluorouracil Cream should not be applied on the eyelids or directly into the eyes, nose or mouth because irritation may occur. Fluorouracil, including Fluorouracil Cream may be fatal if ingested by pets. Avoid allowing pets to contact the Fluorouracil Cream container or the skin where Fluorouracil Cream has been applied. Store Fluorouracil Cream out of reach of pets. Safely discard or clean any cloth or applicator that may retain Fluorouracil Cream and avoid leaving any residues of Fluorouracil Cream on your hands, clothing, carpeting or furniture."],"spl_unclassified_section":["FOR TOPICAL USE ONLY NOT FOR OPHTHALMIC, ORAL, OR INTRAVAGINAL USE","Manufactured for: Mayne Pharma Greenville, NC 27834 Rev. 10/2021"],"dosage_and_administration":["DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION When Fluorouracil Cream is applied to a lesion, a response occurs with the following sequence: erythema, usually followed by vesiculation, desquamation, erosion, and re-epithelialization. Fluorouracil Cream should be applied preferably with a nonmetal applicator or suitable glove. If Fluorouracil Cream is applied with the fingers, the hands should be washed immediately afterward. Actinic or Solar Keratosis Apply cream twice daily in an amount sufficient to cover the lesions. Medication should be continued until the inflammatory response reaches the erosion stage, at which time use of the drug should be terminated. The usual duration of therapy is from 2 to 4 weeks. Complete healing of the lesions may not be evident for 1 to 2 months following cessation of Fluorouracil Cream therapy. Superficial Basal Cell Carcinomas Only the 5% strength is recommended. Apply cream twice daily in an amount sufficient to cover the lesions. Treatment should be continued for at least 3 to 6 weeks. Therapy may be required for as long as 10 to 12 weeks before the lesions are obliterated. As in any neoplastic condition, the patient should be followed for a reasonable period of time to determine if a cure has been obtained."],"spl_product_data_elements":["FLUOROURACIL FLUOROURACIL FLUOROURACIL FLUOROURACIL WATER PETROLATUM CETYL ALCOHOL STEARYL ALCOHOL PROPYLENE GLYCOL POLYSORBATE 60 PROPYLPARABEN METHYLPARABEN"],"package_label_principal_display_panel":["PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 40 g Tube Carton NDC 51862-362-40 Fluorouracil Cream, USP 5% FOR TOPICAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR OPHTHALMIC, ORAL, OR INTRAVAGINAL USE. Rx Only 40 g Cream mayne pharma PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 40 g Tube Carton"],"carcinogenesis_and_mutagenesis_and_impairment_of_fertility":["Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility Adequate long-term studies in animals to evaluate carcinogenic potential have not been conducted with fluorouracil. Studies with the active ingredient of Fluorouracil Cream, 5-fluorouracil, have shown positive effects in in vitro tests for mutagenicity and on impairment of fertility. 5-Fluorouracil was positive in three in vitro cell neoplastic transformation assays. In the C3H/10T ½ clone 8 mouse embryo cell system, the resulting morphologically transformed cells formed tumors when inoculated into immunosuppressed syngeneic mice. While no evidence for mutagenic activity was observed in the Ames test (three studies), fluorouracil has been shown to be mutagenic in the survival count rec-assay with Bacillus subtilis and in the Drosophila wing-hair spot test. Fluorouracil produced petite mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and was positive in the micronucleus test (bone marrow cells of male mice). Fluorouracil was clastogenic in vitro (i.e., chromatid gaps, breaks and exchanges) in Chinese hamster fibroblasts at concentrations of 1.0 and 2.0 mcg/mL and has been shown to increase sister chromatid exchange in vitro in human lymphocytes. In addition, 5-fluorouracil has been reported to produce an increase in numerical and structural chromosome aberrations in peripheral lymphocytes of patients treated with this product. Doses of 125 to 250 mg/kg, administered intraperitoneally, have been shown to induce chromosomal aberrations and changes in chromosome organization of spermatogonia in rats. Spermatogonial differentiation was also inhibited by fluorouracil, resulting in transient infertility. However, in studies with a strain of mouse which is sensitive to the induction of sperm head abnormalities after exposure to a range of chemical mutagens and carcinogens, fluorouracil was inactive at oral doses of 5 to 80 mg/kg/day. In female rats, fluorouracil administered intraperitoneally at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg during the preovulatory phase of oogenesis significantly reduced the incidence of fertile matings, delayed the development of preimplantation and postimplantation embryos, increased the incidence of preimplantation lethality and induced chromosomal anomalies in these embryos. Single-dose intravenous and intraperitoneal injections of 5-fluorouracil have been reported to kill differentiated spermatogonia and spermatocytes (at 500 mg/kg) and to produce abnormalities in spermatids (at 50 mg/kg) in mice."]},"tags":[{"label":"Nucleoside Metabolic Inhibitor","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"Aromatase","category":"target"},{"label":"CYP19A1","category":"gene"},{"label":"ABCC11","category":"gene"},{"label":"ABCC5","category":"gene"},{"label":"L01BC02","category":"atc"},{"label":"Topical","category":"route"},{"label":"Intravenous","category":"route"},{"label":"Cream","category":"form"},{"label":"Injection","category":"form"},{"label":"Solution","category":"form"},{"label":"Off-Patent","category":"patent"},{"label":"Generic Available","category":"availability"},{"label":"Established","category":"status"},{"label":"Actinic keratosis","category":"indication"},{"label":"Adenocarcinoma of pancreas","category":"indication"},{"label":"Malignant tumor of colon","category":"indication"},{"label":"Malignant tumor of stomach","category":"indication"},{"label":"Metastasis from malignant tumor of colon","category":"indication"},{"label":"Metastatic Breast Carcinoma","category":"indication"},{"label":"Extrovis","category":"company"},{"label":"Approved 1960s","category":"decade"},{"label":"Antimetabolites","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Antineoplastic Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Immunologic Factors","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Immunosuppressive Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Noxae","category":"pharmacology"}],"phase":"marketed","safety":{"boxedWarnings":[],"safetySignals":[{"date":"","signal":"DIARRHOEA","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"6690 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"NEUTROPENIA","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"4987 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"NAUSEA","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"4747 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"VOMITING","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"3820 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"OFF LABEL USE","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"3347 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"DISEASE PROGRESSION","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"3150 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"NEUROPATHY PERIPHERAL","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"3118 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"FATIGUE","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"2967 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"PYREXIA","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"2963 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"THROMBOCYTOPENIA","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"2860 reports"}],"drugInteractions":[{"url":"/drug/cyp2c9-substrates","drug":"CYP2C9 Substrates","action":"Use caution","effect":"Strong CYP2C9 Inhibitors - CYP2C9 Substrates","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"cyp2c9-substrates"},{"url":"/drug/warfarin","drug":"warfarin","action":"Avoid combination","effect":"May interact with Warfarin","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"warfarin"}],"commonSideEffects":[{"effect":"Leukocytosis","drugRate":"","severity":"serious","_validated":false,"_confidence":0.3},{"effect":"Ulceration","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Burning","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Crusting","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Allergic contact dermatitis","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Pruritus","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Scarring","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Rash","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Soreness","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Miscarriage","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Birth defect (ventricular septal defect)","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Emotional upset","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Insomnia","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Irritability","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Medicinal taste","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Stomatitis","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Eosinophilia","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Thrombocytopenia","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Toxic granulation","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Alopecia","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Blistering","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Bullous pemphigoid","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Discomfort","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Ichthyosis","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Scaling","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Suppuration","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Swelling","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Telangiectasia","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Tenderness","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Urticaria","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"}],"contraindications":["Fluorouracil Cream may cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman.","Fluorouracil Cream is contraindicated in patients with dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) enzyme deficiency."],"specialPopulations":{"Pregnancy":"There are no adequate and well-controlled studies with fluorouracil in pregnant women. Based on its mechanism of action, fluorouracil can cause fetal harm when administered to pregnant woman. Administration of fluorouracil to rats and mice during selected periods of organogenesis, at doses lower than human dose of 12 mg/kg, caused embryolethality and teratogenicity. Malformations included cleft palate and skeletal defects. In monkeys, maternal doses of fluorouracil higher than an approximate human dose of 12 mg/kg resulted in abortion. If this drug is used during pregnancy, or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking this drug, apprise the patient of the potential hazard to fetus [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.1)].","Geriatric use":"No significant differences in safety and efficacy measures were demonstrated in patients age 65 and older compared to all other patients.","Paediatric use":"Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established."}},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"company":"Extrovis","patents":[],"pricing":[{"market":"United States","source":"CMS National Average Drug Acquisition Cost (NADAC)","asOfDate":"2024-01-03","unitCost":"$4.2588/ML","priceType":"NADAC","sourceUrl":"https://data.medicaid.gov/dataset/4j6z-xnwq","annualCost":"$1,533","description":"FLUOROURACIL 2% TOPICAL SOLN","retrievedDate":"2026-04-07"}],"_sources":{"trials":{"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=fluorouracil","method":"api_direct","source":"ClinicalTrials.gov","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"ctgov","retrievedAt":"2026-04-19T23:45:21.465771+00:00"},"regulatory.ca":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"Health Canada DPD","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"health_canada_dpd","retrievedAt":"2026-04-19T23:45:31.096776+00:00"},"regulatory.us":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"FDA Drugs@FDA","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_drugsfda","retrievedAt":"2026-04-19T23:45:20.576999+00:00"},"publicationCount":{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=fluorouracil","method":"api_direct","source":"PubMed/NCBI","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"pubmed","retrievedAt":"2026-04-19T23:45:31.357394+00:00"},"mechanism.drugClass":{"url":"https://api.fda.gov/drug/label.json","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label (EPC)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-19T23:45:18.376116+00:00"},"administration.route":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-19T23:45:18.376144+00:00"},"safety.boxedWarnings":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label (no boxed warning)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-19T23:45:18.376151+00:00"},"safety.safetySignals":{"url":"https://api.fda.gov/drug/event.json","method":"api_direct","source":"FDA FAERS","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_faers","retrievedAt":"2026-04-19T23:45:32.975847+00:00"},"mechanism.target_chembl":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL mechanism: RNA inhibitor","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-19T23:45:32.440750+00:00"},"crossReferences.chemblId":{"url":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/compound_report_card/CHEMBL185/","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL (EMBL-EBI)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-19T23:45:32.097693+00:00"},"safety.contraindications":{"url":"","method":"ai_extraction","source":"FDA Label + AI","aiModel":"featherless","rawText":"","confidence":0.95,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-19T23:45:38.538916+00:00"},"regulatory.fda_application":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label","rawText":"ANDA077524","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-19T23:45:18.376160+00:00"}},"allNames":"carac","offLabel":[],"synonyms":["5-fluorouracil","adrucil","fluoroblastin","fluorouracil","5-FU"],"timeline":[{"date":"1962-01-01","type":"neutral","source":"FDA Orange Book","milestone":"Rights transferred from SPECTRUM PHARMS to Extrovis"},{"date":"1962-04-25","type":"positive","source":"DrugCentral","milestone":"FDA approval (Spectrum Pharms)"},{"date":"2000-10-27","type":"positive","source":"FDA Orange Book","milestone":"Carac approved — 0.5%"},{"date":"2008-04-11","type":"neutral","source":"FDA Orange Book","milestone":"Generic entry — 13 manufacturers approved"},{"date":"2015-09-18","type":"positive","source":"FDA Orange Book","milestone":"Tolak approved — 4%"},{"date":"2018-09-21","type":"positive","source":"DrugCentral","milestone":"PMDA approval (Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd.)"},{"date":"2026-02-20","type":"positive","source":"FDA Orange Book","milestone":"Favlyxa approved — 250MG/10ML (25MG/ML)"}],"aiSummary":"Carac (fluorouracil) is a nucleoside metabolic inhibitor small molecule developed by SPECTRUM PHARMS and currently owned by Extrovis. It targets aromatase and has been FDA-approved since 1962 for various cancer indications, including actinic keratosis, adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, and metastatic breast carcinoma. Carac is available as a generic medication with 23 manufacturers and is off-patent. Key safety considerations include its short half-life of 0.12 hours and moderate bioavailability of 28%. As an off-patent medication, Carac is widely available and used in clinical practice.","approvals":[{"date":"1962-04-25","orphan":true,"company":"SPECTRUM PHARMS","regulator":"FDA"},{"date":"2018-09-21","orphan":false,"company":"Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd.","regulator":"PMDA"}],"brandName":"Carac","ecosystem":[{"indication":"Actinic keratosis","otherDrugs":[{"name":"aminolevulinic acid","slug":"aminolevulinic-acid","company":"Dusa"},{"name":"diclofenac","slug":"diclofenac","company":""},{"name":"imiquimod","slug":"imiquimod","company":"Medicis"},{"name":"ingenol mebutate","slug":"ingenol-mebutate","company":"Leo Pharma As"}],"globalPrevalence":null},{"indication":"Adenocarcinoma of pancreas","otherDrugs":[{"name":"erlotinib","slug":"erlotinib","company":"Osi Pharms"},{"name":"gemcitabine","slug":"gemcitabine","company":"Lilly"},{"name":"irinotecan","slug":"irinotecan","company":"Pfizer 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carcinoma","otherDrugs":[{"name":"imiquimod","slug":"imiquimod","company":"Medicis"}],"globalPrevalence":null}],"mechanism":{"target":"Aromatase","novelty":"Follow-on","targets":[{"gene":"CYP19A1","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Aromatase","protein":"Aromatase"},{"gene":"ABCC11","source":"DrugCentral","target":"ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 11","protein":"ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 11"},{"gene":"ABCC5","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Multidrug resistance-associated protein 5","protein":"Multidrug resistance-associated protein 5"},{"gene":"TYMS","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Thymidylate synthase","protein":"Thymidylate synthase"}],"moaClass":"Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors","modality":"Small Molecule","drugClass":"Nucleoside Metabolic Inhibitor [EPC]","explanation":"","oneSentence":"","technicalDetail":"Carac (fluorouracil) is a thymidylate synthase inhibitor that acts as a nucleoside analog, incorporating into DNA and RNA and causing chain termination, thereby inhibiting cancer cell proliferation."},"commercial":{"launchDate":"1962","_launchSource":"DrugCentral (FDA 1962-04-25, SPECTRUM PHARMS)"},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/26","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=fluorouracil","fields":["trials"],"source":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"id":3,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=fluorouracil","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"},{"id":4,"url":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-approvals-and-databases/orange-book-data-files","fields":["patents","exclusivity","genericManufacturers"],"source":"FDA Orange Book"}],"_enrichedAt":"2026-03-30T11:35:07.473053","_validation":{"fieldsValidated":0,"lastValidatedAt":"2026-04-19T23:45:39.071243+00:00","fieldsConflicting":2,"overallConfidence":0.8},"biosimilars":[],"competitors":[{"drugName":"cytarabine","drugSlug":"cytarabine","fdaApproval":"1969-06-17","genericCount":9,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"gemcitabine","drugSlug":"gemcitabine","fdaApproval":"1996-05-15","patentExpiry":"Jun 28, 2030","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"capecitabine","drugSlug":"capecitabine","fdaApproval":"1998-04-30","genericCount":14,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"azacitidine","drugSlug":"azacitidine","fdaApproval":"2004-05-19","patentExpiry":"May 14, 2029","patentStatus":"Patent 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esophagus","source":"DrugCentral","drugName":"fluorouracil","evidenceCount":3106,"evidenceLevel":"strong"},{"name":"Malignant tumor of head and/or neck","source":"DrugCentral","drugName":"fluorouracil"},{"name":"Malignant tumor of urinary bladder","source":"DrugCentral","drugName":"fluorouracil","evidenceCount":583,"evidenceLevel":"strong"},{"name":"Metastatic Malignant Tumor of Anus","source":"DrugCentral","drugName":"fluorouracil"},{"name":"Neoplasm of glans penis","source":"DrugCentral","drugName":"fluorouracil"},{"name":"Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor","source":"DrugCentral","drugName":"fluorouracil"},{"name":"Radiation dermatitis","source":"DrugCentral","drugName":"fluorouracil"}],"pipeline":[]},"currentOwner":"Extrovis","drugCategory":"established","labelChanges":[],"patentStatus":"Off-patent — no active Orange Book 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