{"id":"flumequine","rwe":[{"pmid":"41619090","year":"2026","title":"Pharmacokinetics, therapeutic efficacy, and prolonged residue depletion of flumequine in Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) and its implications for withdrawal period determination.","finding":"","journal":"Veterinary research communications","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41594465","year":"2026","title":"Comparative Molecular and Antimicrobial Analysis of Lactococcus garvieae and Lactococcus petauri from Marine and Freshwater Fish Farms in the Mediterranean.","finding":"","journal":"Animals : an open access journal from MDPI","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41495621","year":"2026","title":"Molecular Epidemiology and Genetic Profile of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Serovars Isolated From Poultry Production Chain in Khorasan Province, Iran: A Comprehensive Analysis of Prevalence, Virulence Genes, and Antibiotic Resistance.","finding":"","journal":"Veterinary medicine and science","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41246277","year":"2025","title":"Assessing the sentinel capacity of mollusks, seawater and sediments for monitoring antimicrobial resistance in the marine environment.","finding":"","journal":"Frontiers in veterinary science","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41246051","year":"2025","title":"TiO₂-modified activated carbon for pharmaceutical contaminant removal: experimental and in-silico insights using density functional theory.","finding":"","journal":"Journal of environmental health science & engineering","studyType":"Clinical Study"}],"tags":[{"label":"flumequine","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"J01MB07","category":"atc"},{"label":"Active","category":"status"},{"label":"Anti-Infective Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Antineoplastic Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Enzyme Inhibitors","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Topoisomerase II Inhibitors","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Topoisomerase Inhibitors","category":"pharmacology"}],"phase":"phase_2","safety":{},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"patents":[],"pricing":[],"allNames":"apurone","offLabel":[],"synonyms":["flumequine","flumigal","(+/-)-Flumequine","apurone"],"timeline":[],"approvals":[],"brandName":"Apurone","ecosystem":[],"mechanism":{"modality":"Small Molecule","drugClass":"flumequine","explanation":"Imagine your body's cells are like factories that make proteins and other important things. Bacteria are like tiny factories that can make you sick. Apurone stops these bacterial factories from working by blocking the way they make copies of their genetic material, which ultimately prevents them from growing and causing harm.","oneSentence":"Apurone works by inhibiting bacterial DNA replication and transcription.","technicalDetail":"Apurone exerts its antibacterial effects by binding to the bacterial enzyme DNA gyrase, which is essential for DNA replication and transcription. This binding inhibits the enzyme's activity, leading to the accumulation of double-strand breaks in bacterial DNA and ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death."},"commercial":{},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/1197","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=FLUMEQUINE","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"}],"_enrichedAt":"2026-03-30T11:30:46.986365","_validation":{"fieldsValidated":0,"lastValidatedAt":"2026-04-20T11:15:32.320900+00:00","fieldsConflicting":0,"overallConfidence":0.95},"biosimilars":[],"competitors":[{"drugName":"nalidixic acid","drugSlug":"nalidixic-acid","fdaApproval":"1964-03-06","genericCount":2,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"cinoxacin","drugSlug":"cinoxacin","fdaApproval":"1980-06-13","genericCount":1,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"}],"genericName":"flumequine","indications":{"approved":[],"offLabel":[],"pipeline":[]},"drugCategory":"active","labelChanges":[],"relatedDrugs":[{"drugId":"nalidixic-acid","brandName":"nalidixic acid","genericName":"nalidixic acid","approvalYear":"1964","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"cinoxacin","brandName":"cinoxacin","genericName":"cinoxacin","approvalYear":"1980","relationship":"same-class"}],"trialDetails":[],"genericFilers":[],"latestUpdates":[],"manufacturing":[],"crossReferences":{"NDDF":"005327","UNII":"UVG8VSP2SJ","CHEBI":"CHEBI:85267","INN_ID":"3776","RXNORM":"25112","UMLSCUI":"C0060493","ChEMBL_ID":"CHEMBL370252","KEGG_DRUG":"D02302","DRUGBANK_ID":"DB08972","PUBCHEM_CID":"3374","SNOMEDCT_US":"765389005","MESH_SUPPLEMENTAL_RECORD_UI":"C012976"},"formularyStatus":[],"_enricherVersion":"v2","developmentCodes":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"publicationCount":578,"therapeuticAreas":["Infectious Disease"],"atcClassification":{"source":"DrugCentral","atcCode":"J01MB07","allCodes":["J01MB07"]},"biosimilarFilings":[],"recentPublications":[{"date":"2026 Jan 31","pmid":"41619090","title":"Pharmacokinetics, therapeutic efficacy, and prolonged residue depletion of flumequine in Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) and its implications for withdrawal period determination.","journal":"Veterinary research communications"},{"date":"2026 Jan 16","pmid":"41594465","title":"Comparative Molecular and Antimicrobial Analysis of Lactococcus garvieae and Lactococcus petauri from Marine and Freshwater Fish Farms in the Mediterranean.","journal":"Animals : an open access journal from MDPI"},{"date":"2026 Jan","pmid":"41495621","title":"Molecular Epidemiology and Genetic Profile of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Serovars Isolated From Poultry Production Chain in Khorasan Province, Iran: A Comprehensive Analysis of Prevalence, Virulence Genes, and Antibiotic Resistance.","journal":"Veterinary medicine and science"},{"date":"2025","pmid":"41246277","title":"Assessing the sentinel capacity of mollusks, seawater and sediments for monitoring antimicrobial resistance in the marine environment.","journal":"Frontiers in veterinary science"},{"date":"2025 Dec","pmid":"41246051","title":"TiO₂-modified activated carbon for pharmaceutical contaminant removal: experimental and in-silico insights using density functional theory.","journal":"Journal of environmental health science & engineering"}],"companionDiagnostics":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"status":"active","companyName":"","companyId":"","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Apurone, also known as Flumequine, is a small molecule drug in the flumequine class. Its exact target is unknown, but it is used to treat certain bacterial infections. The commercial status of Apurone is unclear, and it may be patented or have generic manufacturers. Key safety considerations are not well-documented. Further research is needed to fully understand its pharmacology and clinical use.","enrichmentLevel":5,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"validation":{"fieldsValidated":0,"lastValidatedAt":"2026-04-20T11:15:32.320900+00:00","fieldsConflicting":0,"overallConfidence":0.95},"verificationStatus":"partial","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":false,"safety":false,"trials":false,"score":1}}