{"id":"fenoterol-ipratropium-bromide","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":null,"effect":"Tremor"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Headache"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Palpitations"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Dry mouth"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Nervousness"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Tachycardia"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Fenoterol stimulates beta-2 adrenergic receptors on airway smooth muscle, causing relaxation and bronchodilation through increased intracellular cAMP. Ipratropium bromide competitively blocks muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, preventing parasympathetic-mediated airway constriction. The combination provides complementary mechanisms for rapid and sustained airway opening in obstructive airway diseases.","oneSentence":"Fenoterol is a beta-2 agonist that relaxes airway smooth muscle, while ipratropium bromide is an anticholinergic that blocks acetylcholine-mediated bronchoconstriction, together providing dual bronchodilation.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-27T23:46:20.885Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)"},{"name":"Asthma (maintenance and acute bronchospasm)"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT05480566","phase":"NA","title":"Functional Strength Training and Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation in Severe Acute Exacerbations of COPD","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Hasselt University","startDate":"2022-06-01","conditions":"Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Acute Exacerbation of COPD","enrollment":35},{"nctId":"NCT06291740","phase":"NA","title":"Continuous Versus Intermittent Nebulization Therapy in Acute Asthma Exacerbation at Emergency Department","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Thammasat University","startDate":"2024-04","conditions":"Asthma Exacerbation, Emergency Department, Nebulization","enrollment":40},{"nctId":"NCT06211920","phase":"NA","title":"Prehospital Non-invasive Ventilation for Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Central Denmark Region","startDate":"2023-12-08","conditions":"COPD Exacerbation, COPD Exacerbation Acute, Noninvasive Ventilation","enrollment":140},{"nctId":"NCT05183841","phase":"NA","title":"Bronchodilators on the Exercise Capacity of Bronchiectasis Patients","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"University of Sao Paulo General Hospital","startDate":"2022-04-14","conditions":"Bronchiectasis Adult","enrollment":40},{"nctId":"NCT03031093","phase":"NA","title":"Aerosol Therapy in Obese COPD Patients.","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte","startDate":"2017-12-02","conditions":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Moderate, Obesity","enrollment":50},{"nctId":"NCT02790047","phase":"NA","title":"Effect of Home-base Exercise With Conical-PEP Device on Physical Performance and Quality of Life in COPD","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Khon Kaen University","startDate":"2016-10","conditions":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease","enrollment":50},{"nctId":"NCT02232594","phase":"","title":"Postmarketing Surveillance Study of Berodual® Metered-dose Inhaler in Chronic Obstructive Respiratory Tract Disease","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Boehringer Ingelheim","startDate":"2000-01","conditions":"Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive","enrollment":834},{"nctId":"NCT02231424","phase":"","title":"Postmarketing Surveillance Study of Berodual® Metered-dose Inhaler in Chronic Obstructive Airways Disease","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Boehringer Ingelheim","startDate":"1999-01","conditions":"Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive","enrollment":713},{"nctId":"NCT02231437","phase":"","title":"Post-marketing Surveillance of Berodual® Metered-dose Inhaler in the Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Respiratory Tract Disease","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Boehringer Ingelheim","startDate":"1999-01","conditions":"Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive","enrollment":3488},{"nctId":"NCT02182505","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Safety and Efficacy of Berodual® Inhaled Via Respimat® Compared to MDI (Metered Dose Inhaler) in Pediatric Patients With Asthma","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Boehringer Ingelheim","startDate":"1998-09","conditions":"Asthma","enrollment":535},{"nctId":"NCT02182479","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Safety and Efficacy of Berodual® Respimat® Compared to Berodual® MDI (Metered Dose Inhaler) in Asthma Patients","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Boehringer Ingelheim","startDate":"1998-04","conditions":"Asthma","enrollment":631},{"nctId":"NCT02173782","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Comparison of Safety and Efficacy of Berodual® Administered Via the Respimat® Device With That Administered Via the Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI) in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Boehringer Ingelheim","startDate":"1998-02","conditions":"Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive","enrollment":892},{"nctId":"NCT02173795","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Berodual® Respimat® Versus Berodual® Metered Aerosol (MA) Inhaler in Patients With Asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, or Mixed Condition","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Boehringer Ingelheim","startDate":"2002-10","conditions":"Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, Asthma","enrollment":245},{"nctId":"NCT02176187","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Berodual® Respimat® vs Metered Dose Inhaler in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Boehringer Ingelheim","startDate":"2003-04","conditions":"Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive","enrollment":3},{"nctId":"NCT00274066","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Acute Bronchodilator Response of a Single Dose of Atrovent or Berotec on Top of Pharmacodynamic Steady State of Spiriva","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Boehringer Ingelheim","startDate":"2002-10","conditions":"Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive","enrollment":65},{"nctId":"NCT00460577","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Efficacy of Formoterol vs Ipatropioum Bromide Plus Fenoterol in Children (5-<12 Years) With Acute Bronchial Obstruction","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Novartis","startDate":"2007-03","conditions":"Acute Bronchial Obstruction, Asthma","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT00922350","phase":"NA","title":"Heliox and Posture in Patients With Asthma","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Universidade Federal de Pernambuco","startDate":"2008-06","conditions":"Acute Asthma","enrollment":59}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[{"count":12,"reaction":"DRUG INEFFECTIVE"},{"count":12,"reaction":"GENERAL PHYSICAL HEALTH DETERIORATION"},{"count":12,"reaction":"OFF LABEL USE"},{"count":10,"reaction":"ASTHMA"},{"count":10,"reaction":"CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE"},{"count":10,"reaction":"DYSPNOEA"},{"count":9,"reaction":"DIZZINESS"},{"count":8,"reaction":"ANAEMIA"},{"count":8,"reaction":"CONDITION AGGRAVATED"},{"count":8,"reaction":"HYPOTENSION"}],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":37,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":[],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"fenoterol/ipratropium bromide","genericName":"fenoterol/ipratropium bromide","companyName":"Novartis","companyId":"novartis","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Fenoterol is a beta-2 agonist that relaxes airway smooth muscle, while ipratropium bromide is an anticholinergic that blocks acetylcholine-mediated bronchoconstriction, together providing dual bronchodilation. Used for Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Asthma (maintenance and acute bronchospasm).","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}