{"id":"fenetylline","rwe":[{"pmid":"9703268","year":"1998","title":"A new screening method for amphetamine and methamphetamine using dansyl chloride derivatization and cartridge fluorescence.","finding":"","journal":"Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"1793359","year":"1991","title":"[Synthesis, biotransformation and pharmacodynamics of a new theophylline derivative].","finding":"","journal":"Archiv der Pharmazie","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"3188572","year":"1988","title":"Metabolic fate of fenetylline in rat and man.","finding":"","journal":"Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"3401264","year":"1988","title":"[The biotransformation of fenetylline].","finding":"","journal":"Arzneimittel-Forschung","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"3387498","year":"1988","title":"[Biperiden abuse as a partial factor in polytoxicomania].","finding":"","journal":"Psychiatrische Praxis","studyType":"Clinical Study"}],"tags":[{"label":"fenetylline","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"N06BA10","category":"atc"},{"label":"Active","category":"status"},{"label":"Central Nervous System Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Central Nervous System Stimulants","category":"pharmacology"}],"phase":"unknown","safety":{},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"patents":[],"pricing":[],"allNames":"fenetyllin","offLabel":[],"synonyms":["fenethylline hydrochloride","fenethylline","fenetylline","fenethylene","fenetyllin","phenethylline","theophyllineethylamphetamine","fenethylline HCl"],"timeline":[],"approvals":[],"brandName":"Fenetyllin","ecosystem":[],"mechanism":{"modality":"Small Molecule","drugClass":"fenetylline","explanation":"Imagine your brain is a city with different neighborhoods, each with its own unique function. Neurotransmitters are like messengers that help different neighborhoods communicate with each other. Fenetylline may help increase the number of these messengers, allowing different neighborhoods to work together more effectively.","oneSentence":"Fenetylline is thought to work by increasing the levels of certain neurotransmitters in the brain.","technicalDetail":"Fenetylline is believed to act as a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor, increasing the levels of these neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft and enhancing their activity."},"_wikipedia":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenethylline","title":"Fenethylline","extract":"Fenethylline or fenetylline (INN) is a codrug of amphetamine and theophylline and so a mutual prodrug of both. It is also spelled phenethylline; other names for it are amphetaminoethyltheophylline and amfetyline. The drug was marketed for use as a psychostimulant under the brand names Captagon, Biocapton, and Fitton. The brand name \"Captagon\" is often used generically to describe illicitly produced fenethylline.","wiki_history":"==History==\nFenethylline was first synthesized by the German pharmaceutical firm Degussa AG in 1961 and used for around 25 years as a milder alternative to amphetamine and related compounds. Although there are no FDA-approved indications for fenethylline, it was used in the treatment of \"hyperkinetic children\", in what would now be called attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and, less commonly, for narcolepsy and depression. One of the main advantages of fenethylline was that it does not increase blood pressure to the same extent as an equivalent dose of amphetamine and so could be used in patients with cardiovascular conditions.\n\nFenethylline was considered to have fewer side effects and less potential for abuse than amphetamine. However, because its chemical composition is similar to amphetamine's, fenethylline was listed in 1981 as a Schedule I controlled substance in the United States, and it became illegal in most countries in 1986 after being listed by the World Health Organization for international scheduling under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances."},"commercial":{"revenueYear":2025,"annualRevenue":172,"revenueSource":"Teva 2026-02-03 (verified from SEC filing)","revenueCurrency":"USD","revenueConfidence":"high"},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/1149","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=fenetylline","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"},{"id":3,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenethylline","fields":["history","overview"],"source":"Wikipedia"}],"_enrichedAt":"2026-03-30T11:14:58.683567","biosimilars":[],"competitors":[{"drugName":"amfetamine","drugSlug":"amfetamine","fdaApproval":"1955-09-09","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"dexamfetamine","drugSlug":"dexamfetamine","fdaApproval":"1955-09-09","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"methamphetamine","drugSlug":"methamphetamine","fdaApproval":"1943-12-31","genericCount":5,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"methylphenidate","drugSlug":"methylphenidate","fdaApproval":"1955-12-05","patentExpiry":"Jun 5, 2026","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"pemoline","drugSlug":"pemoline","fdaApproval":"1975-01-27","genericCount":6,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"modafinil","drugSlug":"modafinil","fdaApproval":"1998-12-24","genericCount":9,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"atomoxetine","drugSlug":"atomoxetine","fdaApproval":"2002-11-26","genericCount":8,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"dexmethylphenidate","drugSlug":"dexmethylphenidate","fdaApproval":"2001-11-13","genericCount":19,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"lisdexamfetamine","drugSlug":"lisdexamfetamine","fdaApproval":"2007-02-23","patentExpiry":"Aug 30, 2040","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"armodafinil","drugSlug":"armodafinil","fdaApproval":"2007-06-05","genericCount":6,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"solriamfetol","drugSlug":"solriamfetol","fdaApproval":"2019-03-20","patentExpiry":"Sep 5, 2037","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"serdexmethylphenidate","drugSlug":"serdexmethylphenidate","fdaApproval":"2021-03-02","relationship":"same-class"}],"genericName":"fenetylline","indications":{"approved":[],"offLabel":[],"pipeline":[]},"drugCategory":"active","labelChanges":[],"relatedDrugs":[{"drugId":"amfetamine","brandName":"amfetamine","genericName":"amfetamine","approvalYear":"1955","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"dexamfetamine","brandName":"dexamfetamine","genericName":"dexamfetamine","approvalYear":"1955","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"methamphetamine","brandName":"methamphetamine","genericName":"methamphetamine","approvalYear":"1943","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"methylphenidate","brandName":"methylphenidate","genericName":"methylphenidate","approvalYear":"1955","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"pemoline","brandName":"pemoline","genericName":"pemoline","approvalYear":"1975","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"modafinil","brandName":"modafinil","genericName":"modafinil","approvalYear":"1998","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"atomoxetine","brandName":"atomoxetine","genericName":"atomoxetine","approvalYear":"2002","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"dexmethylphenidate","brandName":"dexmethylphenidate","genericName":"dexmethylphenidate","approvalYear":"2001","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"lisdexamfetamine","brandName":"lisdexamfetamine","genericName":"lisdexamfetamine","approvalYear":"2007","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"armodafinil","brandName":"armodafinil","genericName":"armodafinil","approvalYear":"2007","relationship":"same-class"}],"trialDetails":[],"genericFilers":[],"latestUpdates":[],"manufacturing":[],"crossReferences":{"NDDF":"006530","UNII":"YA7K8ADZ2V","CHEBI":"CHEBI:135451","INN_ID":"1554","RXNORM":"236651","UMLSCUI":"C0060167","ChEMBL_ID":"CHEMBL2111152","KEGG_DRUG":"D04147","DRUGBANK_ID":"DB01482","PUBCHEM_CID":"19527","SNOMEDCT_US":"96241008","SECONDARY_CAS_RN":"1892-80-4","MESH_SUPPLEMENTAL_RECORD_UI":"C004518"},"formularyStatus":[],"_enricherVersion":"v2","developmentCodes":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"publicationCount":17,"therapeuticAreas":["Neuroscience"],"_revenueScrapedAt":"2026-03-31 14:09:35.487336+00","atcClassification":{"source":"DrugCentral","atcCode":"N06BA10","allCodes":["N06BA10"]},"biosimilarFilings":[],"recentPublications":[{"date":"1998 Jul","pmid":"9703268","title":"A new screening method for amphetamine and methamphetamine using dansyl chloride derivatization and cartridge fluorescence.","journal":"Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin"},{"date":"1991 Sep","pmid":"1793359","title":"[Synthesis, biotransformation and pharmacodynamics of a new theophylline derivative].","journal":"Archiv der Pharmazie"},{"date":"1988 Aug","pmid":"3188572","title":"Metabolic fate of fenetylline in rat and man.","journal":"Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems"},{"date":"1988 Apr","pmid":"3401264","title":"[The biotransformation of fenetylline].","journal":"Arzneimittel-Forschung"},{"date":"1988 Mar","pmid":"3387498","title":"[Biperiden abuse as a partial factor in polytoxicomania].","journal":"Psychiatrische Praxis"}],"companionDiagnostics":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"status":"active","companyName":"","companyId":"unknown","modality":"Small Molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Fenetylline is a small molecule codrug that acts as a mutual prodrug of amphetamine and theophylline. It has been marketed under various brand names, including Captagon, Biocapton, and Fitton, primarily for use as a psychostimulant.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"partial","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":false,"safety":false,"trials":false,"score":1}}