{"id":"etybenzatropine","rwe":[{"pmid":"28872668","year":"2017","title":"Efficacy of oral pharmacological treatments in dyskinetic cerebral palsy: a systematic review.","finding":"","journal":"Developmental medicine and child neurology","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"2779590","year":"1989","title":"Effects of etybenzatropine and diazepam on levodopa-induced diphasic dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease.","finding":"","journal":"Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"6682201","year":"1983","title":"Beneficial effects of dantrolene in the treatment of neuroleptic malignant syndrome: a report of two cases.","finding":"","journal":"Neurology","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"14149342","year":"1964","title":"[CORRECTION BY ETYBENZATROPINE OF EXTRAPYRAMIDAL SYMPTOMS DUE TO NEUROLEPTICS].","finding":"","journal":"La Presse medicale","studyType":"Clinical Study"}],"tags":[{"label":"etybenzatropine","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"N04AC30","category":"atc"},{"label":"Active","category":"status"}],"phase":"unknown","safety":{},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"patents":[],"pricing":[],"allNames":"ponalide","offLabel":[],"synonyms":["ethybenztropine","tropethydryline","etybenzatropine chlorhydrate","ponalide","etybenzatropine","ethylbenztropine"],"timeline":[],"approvals":[],"brandName":"Ponalide","ecosystem":[],"mechanism":{"modality":"Small Molecule","drugClass":"etybenzatropine","explanation":"Think of acetylcholine like a messenger that helps different parts of your body talk to each other. When acetylcholine is released, it sends a signal to a muscle or gland to do something, like move or sweat. Ponalide blocks these signals, which can help reduce muscle spasms or other symptoms in certain conditions.","oneSentence":"Ponalide works by blocking the action of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that helps transmit signals in the brain and nervous system.","technicalDetail":"Ponalide is a competitive antagonist of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, specifically targeting the M1, M2, and M3 subtypes, which are involved in various physiological processes, including muscle contraction, glandular secretion, and neurotransmitter release."},"_wikipedia":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etybenzatropine","title":"Etybenzatropine","extract":"Etybenzatropine (INN), also known as ethybenztropine and tropethydrylin, is a synthetic anticholinergic and antihistamine drug previously marketed under the trade names Panolid, Ponalid, and Ponalide for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism. Structurally related to benzatropine, etybenzatropine combines a tropane backbone with antihistaminic properties, acting primarily as a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist. It was used to alleviate motor symptoms such as tremor and rigidity but has been discontinued due to limited efficacy, significant side effects, and the availability of more effective antiparkinsonian therapies. Etybenzatropine may exhibit weak dopamine reuptake inhibitor activity, though this is not well-established.","wiki_history":"== History ==\nDeveloped in the mid-20th century, etybenzatropine emerged from efforts to create anticholinergics for parkinsonism, building on atropine derivatives. Its design combined muscarinic antagonism with antihistaminic properties, inspired by drugs like diphenhydramine. Marketed in the 1950s and 1960s, it was overshadowed by levodopa’s introduction in the late 1960s, which offered superior efficacy for Parkinson’s disease. Etybenzatropine’s development reflects early attempts to modulate dopaminergic deficits indirectly via cholinergic pathways."},"commercial":{},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/4423","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=etybenzatropine","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"},{"id":3,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etybenzatropine","fields":["history","overview"],"source":"Wikipedia"}],"_enrichedAt":"2026-03-30T11:10:52.467163","biosimilars":[],"competitors":[{"drugName":"benzatropine","drugSlug":"benzatropine","fdaApproval":"1954-03-05","relationship":"same-class"}],"genericName":"etybenzatropine","indications":{"approved":[],"offLabel":[],"pipeline":[]},"drugCategory":"active","labelChanges":[],"relatedDrugs":[{"drugId":"benzatropine","brandName":"benzatropine","genericName":"benzatropine","approvalYear":"1954","relationship":"same-class"}],"trialDetails":[],"genericFilers":[],"latestUpdates":[],"manufacturing":[],"crossReferences":{"UNII":"G1X2X9N95N","CHEBI":"CHEBI:135972","INN_ID":"1247","RXNORM":"1358000","UMLSCUI":"C3652692","ChEMBL_ID":"CHEMBL2104273","KEGG_DRUG":"D04087","DRUGBANK_ID":"DB13468","PUBCHEM_CID":"20055089","MESH_SUPPLEMENTAL_RECORD_UI":"C027641"},"formularyStatus":[],"_enricherVersion":"v2","developmentCodes":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"publicationCount":4,"therapeuticAreas":["Neuroscience"],"atcClassification":{"source":"DrugCentral","atcCode":"N04AC30","allCodes":["N04AC30"]},"biosimilarFilings":[],"recentPublications":[{"date":"2017 Dec","pmid":"28872668","title":"Efficacy of oral pharmacological treatments in dyskinetic cerebral palsy: a systematic review.","journal":"Developmental medicine and child neurology"},{"date":"1989","pmid":"2779590","title":"Effects of etybenzatropine and diazepam on levodopa-induced diphasic dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease.","journal":"Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society"},{"date":"1983 Apr","pmid":"6682201","title":"Beneficial effects of dantrolene in the treatment of neuroleptic malignant syndrome: a report of two cases.","journal":"Neurology"},{"date":"1964 May 30","pmid":"14149342","title":"[CORRECTION BY ETYBENZATROPINE OF EXTRAPYRAMIDAL SYMPTOMS DUE TO NEUROLEPTICS].","journal":"La Presse medicale"}],"companionDiagnostics":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"status":"active","companyName":"","companyId":"unknown","modality":"Small Molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Ponalide, also known as etybenzatropine, is a small molecule drug in the drug class of anticholinergics. Its exact target is unknown, but it is believed to work by blocking the action of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter involved in various bodily functions. Ponalide is not FDA-approved for any indications, and its commercial status is unclear. As an anticholinergic, it may be used off-label to treat conditions such as Parkinson's disease or other movement disorders. However, its safety and efficacy in these contexts are not well-established.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"partial","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":false,"safety":false,"trials":false,"score":1}}