{"id":"etilefrine-pivalate","rwe":[{"pmid":"14571286","year":"2003","title":"Gateways to clinical trials.","finding":"","journal":"Methods and findings in experimental and clinical pharmacology","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"2873822","year":"1986","title":"[Pharmacodynamics of etilfrine pivilate in the orthostatic syndrome].","finding":"","journal":"Arzneimittel-Forschung","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"2864937","year":"1985","title":"[Double blind study of migraine therapy with etilefrine pivalate].","finding":"","journal":"Arzneimittel-Forschung","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"2864936","year":"1985","title":"Comparison of the oral effectiveness of etilefrine pivalate and etilefrine in a long-term trial in man.","finding":"","journal":"Arzneimittel-Forschung","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"2864935","year":"1985","title":"Long-term effect of etilefrine pivalate on blood pressure in man.","finding":"","journal":"Arzneimittel-Forschung","studyType":"Clinical Study"}],"tags":[{"label":"etilefrine pivalate","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"Beta-1 adrenergic receptor","category":"target"},{"label":"ADRB1","category":"gene"},{"label":"Active","category":"status"},{"label":"Adrenergic Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Adrenergic Agonists","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Adrenergic alpha-Agonists","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Agonists","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Adrenergic beta-Agonists","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Cardiotonic Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Cardiovascular Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Neurotransmitter Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Peripheral Nervous System Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Protective Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Sympathomimetics","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Vasoconstrictor Agents","category":"pharmacology"}],"phase":"phase_2","safety":{},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"patents":[],"pricing":[],"allNames":["etilefrine pivalate hydrochloride","etilefrine pivalate","etilefrine pivalate HCl"],"offLabel":[],"synonyms":["etilefrine pivalate hydrochloride","etilefrine pivalate","etilefrine pivalate HCl"],"timeline":[],"approvals":[],"ecosystem":[],"mechanism":{"target":"Beta-1 adrenergic receptor","targets":[{"gene":"ADRB1","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Beta-1 adrenergic receptor","protein":"Beta-1 adrenergic receptor"}],"modality":"Small Molecule","drugClass":"etilefrine pivalate","explanation":"Imagine your heart as a muscle that needs to pump blood throughout your body. The beta-1 adrenergic receptor is like a switch that tells the heart to beat faster and stronger. When etilefrine pivalate binds to this receptor, it flips the switch, causing the heart to pump more efficiently.","oneSentence":"Etilefrine pivalate works by stimulating the beta-1 adrenergic receptor to increase heart rate and contractility.","technicalDetail":"Etilefrine pivalate acts as a beta-1 adrenergic receptor agonist, activating the Gs protein-coupled receptor pathway to increase cAMP levels, leading to increased heart rate and contractility."},"commercial":{},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/4824","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=ETILEFRINE PIVALATE","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"}],"_enrichedAt":"2026-03-30T11:17:12.766918","biosimilars":[],"competitors":[{"drugName":"acebutolol","drugSlug":"acebutolol","fdaApproval":"1984-12-28","genericCount":3,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"amiodarone","drugSlug":"amiodarone","fdaApproval":"1985-12-24","patentExpiry":"Mar 13, 2029","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"arbutamine","drugSlug":"arbutamine","fdaApproval":"1997-09-12","patentStatus":"Unknown","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"arformoterol","drugSlug":"arformoterol","fdaApproval":"2006-10-06","genericCount":17,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"aripiprazole","drugSlug":"aripiprazole","fdaApproval":"2002-11-15","patentExpiry":"Sep 24, 2033","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"asenapine","drugSlug":"asenapine","fdaApproval":"2009-08-13","patentExpiry":"Sep 22, 2033","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"astemizole","drugSlug":"astemizole","fdaApproval":"1988-12-31","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"atenolol","drugSlug":"atenolol","fdaApproval":"1981-08-19","genericCount":22,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"betaxolol","drugSlug":"betaxolol","fdaApproval":"1985-08-30","genericCount":6,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"bisoprolol","drugSlug":"bisoprolol","fdaApproval":"1992-07-31","genericCount":13,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-target"}],"dataSources":[{"url":"https://drugcentral.org","name":"DrugCentral","fields":["indications","contraindications","safety","target","drugInteractions"],"retrievedDate":"2026-04-07"}],"genericName":"etilefrine pivalate","indications":{"approved":[],"offLabel":[],"pipeline":[]},"drugCategory":"active","labelChanges":[],"relatedDrugs":[{"drugId":"acebutolol","brandName":"acebutolol","genericName":"acebutolol","approvalYear":"1984","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"amiodarone","brandName":"amiodarone","genericName":"amiodarone","approvalYear":"1985","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"arbutamine","brandName":"arbutamine","genericName":"arbutamine","approvalYear":"1997","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"arformoterol","brandName":"arformoterol","genericName":"arformoterol","approvalYear":"2006","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"aripiprazole","brandName":"aripiprazole","genericName":"aripiprazole","approvalYear":"2002","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"asenapine","brandName":"asenapine","genericName":"asenapine","approvalYear":"2009","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"astemizole","brandName":"astemizole","genericName":"astemizole","approvalYear":"1988","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"atenolol","brandName":"atenolol","genericName":"atenolol","approvalYear":"1981","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"betaxolol","brandName":"betaxolol","genericName":"betaxolol","approvalYear":"1985","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"bisoprolol","brandName":"bisoprolol","genericName":"bisoprolol","approvalYear":"1992","relationship":"same-target"}],"trialDetails":[],"genericFilers":[],"latestUpdates":[],"manufacturing":[],"administration":{},"crossReferences":{"NDDF":"004352","UNII":"3RLD929C4S","CHEBI":"CHEBI:134737","INN_ID":"5448","RXNORM":"4169","UMLSCUI":"C0059855","ChEMBL_ID":"CHEMBL2105571","DRUGBANK_ID":"DB08985","PUBCHEM_CID":"157211","SNOMEDCT_US":"96255000","SECONDARY_CAS_RN":"42145-91-5","MESH_DESCRIPTOR_UI":"D005039","MESH_SUPPLEMENTAL_RECORD_UI":"C046842"},"formularyStatus":[],"_enricherVersion":"v2","developmentCodes":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"publicationCount":6,"therapeuticAreas":["Cardiovascular"],"biosimilarFilings":[],"recentPublications":[{"date":"2003 Sep","pmid":"14571286","title":"Gateways to clinical trials.","journal":"Methods and findings in experimental and clinical pharmacology"},{"date":"1986 May","pmid":"2873822","title":"[Pharmacodynamics of etilfrine pivilate in the orthostatic syndrome].","journal":"Arzneimittel-Forschung"},{"date":"1985","pmid":"2864937","title":"[Double blind study of migraine therapy with etilefrine pivalate].","journal":"Arzneimittel-Forschung"},{"date":"1985","pmid":"2864936","title":"Comparison of the oral effectiveness of etilefrine pivalate and etilefrine in a long-term trial in man.","journal":"Arzneimittel-Forschung"},{"date":"1985","pmid":"2864935","title":"Long-term effect of etilefrine pivalate on blood pressure in man.","journal":"Arzneimittel-Forschung"}],"companionDiagnostics":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"status":"active","brandName":"ETILEFRINE PIVALATE","companyName":"","companyId":"","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Etilefrine pivalate is a small molecule drug that targets the beta-1 adrenergic receptor. It is classified as an etilefrine pivalate, but its commercial status and approved indications are unknown. The mechanism of action involves stimulating the beta-1 adrenergic receptor, which can increase heart rate and contractility. As a result, it may be used to treat conditions such as bradycardia or heart failure. However, its safety and efficacy have not been established through FDA approval.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"partial","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":false,"safety":false,"trials":false,"score":1}}