{"id":"ethinylestradiol-and-levonorgestrel","phase":"phase_1","safety":{"boxedWarning":"Cigarette smoking increases the risk of serious cardiovascular events from combination oral contraceptive use. This risk increases with age, particularly in women over 35 years of age, and with the number of cigarettes smoked. Women who use combination oral contraceptives should be strongly advised not to smoke.","boxedWarnings":[],"safetySignals":[],"drugInteractions":[],"commonSideEffects":["Nausea","Headache","Breast tenderness","Breakthrough bleeding","Mood changes"],"contraindications":["Thromboembolic disorders","Breast cancer or estrogen-dependent neoplasia","Undiagnosed abnormal uterine bleeding","Hepatic disease","Pregnancy"],"specialPopulations":{},"discontinuationRates":[],"seriousAdverseEvents":[]},"status":"active","trials":["NCT04972396"],"aliases":[],"patents":[],"pricing":[],"modality":"Small molecule","timeline":[],"aiSummary":"","brandName":"Ethinylestradiol and Levonorgestrel","companyId":"altimmune-inc","mechanism":{"target":"Estrogen and progesterone receptors","novelty":"","modality":"Small molecule","drugClass":"","explanation":"Ethinylestradiol binds to estrogen receptors while levonorgestrel binds to progesterone receptors. Together they suppress FSH and LH release from the pituitary, preventing follicular development and ovulation. They also thicken cervical mucus to impede sperm penetration and alter the endometrium to prevent implantation.","oneSentence":"Prevents pregnancy by suppressing ovulation through inhibition of gonadotropin release and altering cervical mucus and endometrial lining.","technicalDetail":""},"commercial":null,"_claudeStub":{"ts":1779123511,"model":"claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929"},"companyName":"Altimmune, Inc.","competitors":[{"name":"Ethinylestradiol and norethindrone","brand":"Ortho-Novum","company":null,"rationale":"Combined oral contraceptive with different progestin component"},{"name":"Ethinylestradiol and drospirenone","brand":"Yaz","company":"Bayer","rationale":"Combined oral contraceptive with antimineralocorticoid progestin"},{"name":"Etonogestrel implant","brand":"Nexplanon","company":"Merck","rationale":"Long-acting reversible contraceptive alternative"}],"description":"Ethinylestradiol and levonorgestrel is a combined oral contraceptive containing a synthetic estrogen and progestin. This combination prevents pregnancy by suppressing ovulation, thickening cervical mucus, and altering the endometrium. It is widely used for birth control and may also treat menstrual disorders.","genericName":"Ethinylestradiol and Levonorgestrel","indications":{"approved":[{"status":"approved","condition":"Contraception","patientPopulation":"Women of reproductive age"},{"status":"approved","condition":"Menstrual cycle regulation","patientPopulation":"Women with irregular menstruation"}],"offLabel":[],"pipeline":[]},"labelChanges":[],"trialDetails":[],"manufacturing":[],"administration":{"icon":"","route":"","frequency":"","formulation":""},"formularyStatus":[],"apiManufacturers":[],"developmentCodes":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"firstApprovalDate":"","companionDiagnostics":[],"firstApprovalCountry":null,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":1,"trialStats":{"total":1,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":false,"score":3}}