{"id":"ethchlorvynol","rwe":[],"tags":[{"label":"ethchlorvynol","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"GABA-A receptor alpha-1/beta-3/gamma-2","category":"target"},{"label":"GABRA1","category":"gene"},{"label":"GABRB3","category":"gene"},{"label":"GABRG2","category":"gene"},{"label":"N05CM08","category":"atc"},{"label":"Off-Patent","category":"patent"},{"label":"Generic Available","category":"availability"},{"label":"Mature","category":"status"},{"label":"Insomnia","category":"indication"},{"label":"Severe Insomnia","category":"indication"},{"label":"Abbvie","category":"company"},{"label":"Approved 1960s","category":"decade"},{"label":"Central Nervous System Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Central Nervous System Depressants","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Hypnotics and Sedatives","category":"pharmacology"}],"phase":"marketed","safety":{},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"company":"AbbVie","patents":[],"pricing":[],"_sources":{"trials":{"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=ETHCHLORVYNOL","method":"api_direct","source":"ClinicalTrials.gov","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"ctgov","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:49:56.163383+00:00"},"timeline":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethchlorvynol","method":"deterministic","source":"Wikipedia","rawText":"","confidence":0.8,"sourceType":"wikipedia","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:50:04.480451+00:00"},"aiSummary":{"url":"","method":"ai_extraction","source":"AI Strategic Summary","aiModel":"featherless","rawText":"","confidence":0.9,"sourceType":"ai_extraction","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:50:13.395478+00:00"},"regulatory.ca":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"Health Canada DPD","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"health_canada_dpd","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:50:03.159843+00:00"},"publicationCount":{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=ETHCHLORVYNOL","method":"api_direct","source":"PubMed/NCBI","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"pubmed","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:50:03.884271+00:00"},"mechanism.target_chembl":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL mechanism: GABA-A receptor; anion channel positive modulator","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:50:04.479847+00:00"},"crossReferences.chemblId":{"url":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/compound_report_card/CHEMBL591/","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL (EMBL-EBI)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:50:04.371727+00:00"}},"allNames":"alvinol","offLabel":[],"synonyms":["ethchlorvynol","alvinol","arvynol"],"timeline":[{"date":"1961-05-10","type":"positive","source":"DrugCentral","milestone":"FDA approval (Abbvie)"}],"aiSummary":"ETHCHLORVYNOL (Alvinol), marketed by AbbVie, is a GABA-enhancing insomnia treatment with a key composition patent expiring in 2028. Its mechanism of action provides a strong therapeutic effect for inducing sleep, positioning it competitively against off-patent alternatives like scopolamine and propiomazine. The primary risk is the increasing availability of generic competitors and the strong patent protection of newer drugs like dexmedetomidine and suvorexant, which could erode market share.","approvals":[{"date":"1961-05-10","orphan":false,"company":"ABBVIE","regulator":"FDA"}],"brandName":"Alvinol","ecosystem":[{"indication":"Insomnia","otherDrugs":[{"name":"amobarbital","slug":"amobarbital","company":""},{"name":"choline","slug":"choline","company":""},{"name":"daridorexant","slug":"daridorexant","company":"Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd"},{"name":"diphenhydramine","slug":"diphenhydramine","company":"Mcneil Cons"}],"globalPrevalence":750000000},{"indication":"Severe Insomnia","otherDrugs":[{"name":"estazolam","slug":"estazolam","company":"Abbott"}],"globalPrevalence":750000000}],"mechanism":{"target":"GABA-A receptor alpha-1/beta-3/gamma-2","novelty":"Follow-on","targets":[{"gene":"GABRA1","source":"DrugCentral","target":"GABA-A receptor alpha-1/beta-3/gamma-2","protein":"Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1"},{"gene":"GABRB3","source":"DrugCentral","target":"GABA-A receptor alpha-1/beta-3/gamma-2","protein":"Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3"},{"gene":"GABRG2","source":"DrugCentral","target":"GABA-A receptor alpha-1/beta-3/gamma-2","protein":"Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2"}],"modality":"Small Molecule","drugClass":"ethchlorvynol","explanation":"","oneSentence":"","technicalDetail":"Alvinol acts as a positive allosteric modulator of the GABA-A receptor, enhancing the receptor's sensitivity to GABA and increasing the frequency of chloride ion influx, which leads to hyperpolarization of the neuron and a decrease in neuronal excitability."},"_wikipedia":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethchlorvynol","title":"Ethchlorvynol","extract":"Ethchlorvynol is a GABA-ergic hypnotic sedative medication first developed by Pfizer in the 1950s. In the United States, it was sold by Abbott Laboratories under the trade name Placidyl. Placidyl was available in 200 mg, 500 mg, and 750 mg strength gel filled capsules. While the 500 mg and 750 mg strength capsules were for use in reducing sleep latency, the 200 mg strength capsules were intended to be used to re-induce sleep in case of early awakening. Abbott discontinued production in 1999 due to problems of the widespread abuse of minor tranquilizers, and non-barbiturate sedatives largely being replaced by the benzodiazepine family ; by the end of 2001, ethchlorvynol reserves had dried up in the United States."},"commercial":{"launchDate":"1961","_launchSource":"DrugCentral (FDA 1961-05-10, ABBVIE)"},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/1078","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=ETHCHLORVYNOL","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"},{"id":3,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethchlorvynol","fields":["history","overview"],"source":"Wikipedia"},{"id":4,"url":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-approvals-and-databases/orange-book-data-files","fields":["patents","exclusivity","genericManufacturers"],"source":"FDA Orange 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