{"id":"ethanolamine-oleate","rwe":[],"_fda":{"id":"45a0d13c-0c73-6c2c-e063-6394a90aaa54","set_id":"a9c1d8c5-443e-400e-a42c-16a25fb47231","openfda":{"unii":["U4RY8MRX7C"],"route":["INTRAVENOUS"],"rxcui":["106675","205745"],"spl_id":["45a0d13c-0c73-6c2c-e063-6394a90aaa54"],"brand_name":["Ethamolin"],"spl_set_id":["a9c1d8c5-443e-400e-a42c-16a25fb47231"],"package_ndc":["67871-479-06"],"product_ndc":["67871-479"],"generic_name":["ETHANOLAMINE OLEATE"],"product_type":["HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG"],"substance_name":["ETHANOLAMINE OLEATE"],"manufacturer_name":["QOL Medical, LLC."],"application_number":["NDA019357"],"is_original_packager":[true]},"version":"14","warnings":["WARNINGS ETHAMOLlN Injection should be used in pregnant women only when clearly needed (see PRECAUTIONS). The practice of injecting varicosities of the leg with ETHAMOLlN Injection is not supported by adequately controlled clinical trials. Therefore, such use is not recommended."],"pregnancy":["Pregnancy: (Teratogenic Effects: Pregnancy Category C) Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with ETHAMOLlN Injection. It is also not known whether ETHAMOLIN Injection can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. ETHAMOLIN Injection should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed."],"overdosage":["OVERDOSAGE Overdosage of ETHAMOLIN Injection can result in severe intramural necrosis of the esophagus. Complications resulting from such overdosage have resulted in death."],"description":["DESCRIPTION ETHAMOLIN ® (Ethanolamine Oleate) Injection is a mild sclerosing agent. Chemically it is C 17 H 33 COOH•NH 2 CH 2 CH 2 OH. It has the following structure: The empirical formula is C 20 H 41 NO 3 , representing a molecular weight of 343.55. ETHAMOLIN Injection consists of ethanolamine, a basic substance, which when combined with oleic acid, forms a clear pale-yellow to straw-colored, deliquescent oleate. The pH ranges from 8.2 to 9.2. ETHAMOLIN Injection is a sterile, apyrogenic, aqueous solution containing in each mL approximately 50 mg of ethanolamine oleate with benzyl alcohol 2% by volume as preservative. Ethamolin Structure"],"precautions":["PRECAUTIONS Fatal anaphylactic shock was reported following injection of a larger than normal volume of ETHAMOLlN Injection into a male who had a known allergic disposition. Although there are only three known reports of anaphylaxis, the possibility of an anaphylactic reaction should be kept in mind, and the physician should be prepared to treat it appropriately. In extreme emergencies, 0.25 mL of a 1:1,000 intravenous solution of epinephrine (0.25 mg) should be used, and allergic reactions should be controlled with antihistamines. Acute renal failure with spontaneous recovery followed injection of 15 to 20 mL of ETHAMOLIN Injection into two women. The physician should bear in mind that severe injection necrosis may result from direct injection of sclerosing agents, especially if excessive volumes are used. At least one fatal case of extensive esophageal necrosis and death has been reported. The drug should be administered by physicians who are familiar with an acceptable injection technique. Patients in Child Class C are more likely to develop esophageal ulceration than those in Classes A and B. Complications of ulceration, necrosis, and delayed esophageal perforation appear to occur more frequently when ETHAMOLIN Injection is injected submucosally. This route is not recommended. In patients with concomitant cardiorespiratory disease, careful monitoring and minimization of the total dose per session is recommended. Fatal aspiration pneumonia has occurred in elderly patients undergoing esophageal variceal sclerotherapy with ETHAMOLIN Injection. This adverse event appears to be procedure-related, rather than drug-related; but as aspiration of blood and/or stomach contents is not uncommon in patients with bleeding esophageal varices, special precautions should be taken to prevent its occurrence, especially in elderly and critically-ill subjects. Pregnancy: (Teratogenic Effects: Pregnancy Category C) Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with ETHAMOLlN Injection. It is also not known whether ETHAMOLIN Injection can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. ETHAMOLIN Injection should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed. Nursing Mothers It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when ETHAMOLlN Injection is administered to a nursing woman. Pediatric Use Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established"],"how_supplied":["HOW SUPPLIED NDC SIZE 67871-4790-6 2 mL ampule ETHAMOLIN® (Ethanolamine Oleate) Injection, 5% is available in 2 mL, sterile, single-use glass ampules supplied as boxes of 10 ampules. Storage Store at controlled room temperature, 15°- 30°C (59°- 86°F). Protect from light."],"pediatric_use":["Pediatric Use Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established"],"effective_time":"20251210","nursing_mothers":["Nursing Mothers It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when ETHAMOLlN Injection is administered to a nursing woman."],"adverse_reactions":["ADVERSE REACTIONS The reported frequency of complications/adverse events per injection session was 13%. The most common complications were pleural effusion/infiltration (2.1%), esophageal ulcer (2.1 %), pyrexia (1.8%), retrosternal pain (1.6%), esophageal stricture (1.3%), and pneumonia (1.2%). Other adverse local esophageal reactions have also been reported at rates of 0.1 to 0.4%, including esophagitis, tearing of the esophagus, sloughing of the mucosa overlying the injected varix, ulceration, stricture, necrosis, periesophageal abscess and perforation (see PRECAUTIONS). These complications appear to be dependent upon the dose and the patient's clinical state. Bacteremia has been observed in patients following injection of esophageal varices with ETHAMOLlN. Pyrexia and retrosternal pain are not infrequently observed during the post-injection period. Fatal aspiration pneumonia has occurred in patients with esophageal varices who underwent ETHAMOLIN Injection Sclerotherapy (see PRECAUTIONS). Anaphylactic shock and acute renal failure with spontaneous recovery have occurred (see PRECAUTIONS). A case of disseminated intravascular coagulation has been reported. Spinal cord paralysis due to occlusion of the anterior spinal artery has been reported in one child eight hours after ETHAMOLIN sclerotherapy."],"contraindications":["CONTRAINDICATIONS ETHAMOLIN Injection should not be administered to subjects with a known hypersensitivity to ethanolamine, oleic acid, or ethanolamine oleate."],"how_supplied_table":["<table width=\"50%\" ID=\"tab1\"><caption/><tbody><tr><td> NDC</td><td> SIZE</td></tr><tr><td> 67871-4790-6</td><td> 2 mL ampule</td></tr></tbody></table>"],"storage_and_handling":["Storage Store at controlled room temperature, 15°- 30°C (59°- 86°F). Protect from light."],"clinical_pharmacology":["CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY When injected intravenously, ETHAMOLIN Injection acts primarily by irritation of the intimal endothelium of the vein and produces a sterile dose-related inflammatory response. This results in fibrosis and possible occlusion of the vein. ETHAMOLIN Injection also rapidly diffuses through the venous wall and produces a dose-related extravascular inflammatory reaction. The oleic acid component of ETHAMOLIN Injection is responsible for the inflammatory response, and may also activate coagulation in vivo by release of tissue factor and activation of Hageman factor. The ethanolamine component, however, may inhibit fibrin clot formation by chelating calcium, so that a procoagulant action of ETHAMOLIN has not been demonstrated. After injection, ETHAMOLIN disappears from the injection site within five minutes via the portal vein. When volumes larger than 20 mL are injected, some ETHAMOLIN also flows into the azygos vein through the periesophageal vein. In human autopsy studies it was found that within four days after injection there is neutrophil infiltration of the esophageal wall and hemorrhage within six days. Granulation tissue is first seen at ten days, red thrombi obliterating the varices by twenty days, and sclerosis of the varices by two and a half months. The time course of these findings suggests that sclerosis of esophageal varices will be a delayed rather than an immediate effect of the drug. The minimum lethal dose of ETHAMOLIN Injection administered intravenously to rabbits is 130 mg/kg. In dogs, ETHAMOLIN injected into the right atrium at a dose of 1 mL/kg over one minute has been shown to increase extravascular lung water. The maximum recommended human dose is 20 mL, or 0.4 mL/kg for a 50-kg person. The concentration of ETHAMOLIN reaching the lung in human treatment will be less than in the dog studies, but pleural effusions, pulmonary edema, pulmonary infiltration and pneumonitis have been reported in clinical trials, and minimizing the total per-session dose, especially in patients with concomitant cardiopulmonary disease, is recommended (see PRECAUTIONS )."],"indications_and_usage":["INDICATIONS AND USAGE ETHAMOLIN Injection is indicated for the treatment of patients with esophageal varices that have recently bled, to prevent rebleeding. ETHAMOLIN is not indicated for the treatment of patients with esophageal varices that have not bled. There is no evidence that treatment of this population decreases the likelihood of bleeding. Sclerotherapy with ETHAMOLIN has no beneficial effect upon portal hypertension, the cause of esophageal varices, so that recanalization and collateralization may occur, necessitating reinjection."],"spl_unclassified_section":["Distributed by: QOL Medical, LLC Vero Beach, FL 32963 www.ethamolin.net phone 1-866-528-4750 fax 1-866-528-4749 412321 / Rev. 07/19"],"dosage_and_administration":["DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Local ETHAMOLIN Injection sclerotherapy of esophageal varices should be performed by physicians who are famillar with an acceptable technique. The usual intravenous dose is 1.5 to 5.0 mL per varix. The maximum dose per treatment session should not exceed 20 mL. Patients with significant liver dysfunction (Child Class C) or concomitant cardiopulmonary disease should usually receive less than the recommended maximum dose. Submucosal injections are not recommended as they reportedly are more likely to result in ulceration at the site of injection. To obliterate the varix, injections may be made at the time of the acute bleeding episode and then after one week, six weeks, three months, and six months, as indicated. Note: Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration before administration whenever solution and container permit."],"drug_abuse_and_dependence":["DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE There is no potential for drug abuse or drug dependence."],"spl_product_data_elements":["Ethamolin Ethanolamine Oleate BENZYL ALCOHOL WATER ETHANOLAMINE OLEATE MONOETHANOLAMINE"],"package_label_principal_display_panel":["Carton carton","Label label"]},"tags":[{"label":"ethanolamine oleate","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"C05BB01","category":"atc"},{"label":"Intravenous","category":"route"},{"label":"Injection","category":"form"},{"label":"Off-Patent","category":"patent"},{"label":"Active","category":"status"},{"label":"Qol Medcl","category":"company"},{"label":"Approved 1980s","category":"decade"},{"label":"Cardiovascular Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Pharmaceutical Solutions","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Sclerosing Solutions","category":"pharmacology"}],"phase":"marketed","safety":{"boxedWarnings":[],"commonSideEffects":[{"effect":"pleural effusion/infiltration","drugRate":"2.1%","_validated":true,"placeboRate":""},{"effect":"esophageal ulcer","drugRate":"2.1%","_validated":true,"placeboRate":""},{"effect":"pyrexia","drugRate":"1.8%","_validated":true,"placeboRate":""},{"effect":"retrosternal pain","drugRate":"1.6%","_validated":true,"placeboRate":""},{"effect":"esophageal stricture","drugRate":"1.3%","_validated":true,"placeboRate":""},{"effect":"pneumonia","drugRate":"1.2%","_validated":true,"placeboRate":""}],"contraindications":["ETHAMOLIN Injection should not be administered to subjects with a known hypersensitivity to ethanolamine.","ETHAMOLIN Injection should not be administered to subjects with a known hypersensitivity to oleic acid.","ETHAMOLIN Injection should not be administered to subjects with a known hypersensitivity to ethanolamine oleate."],"specialPopulations":{"Pregnancy":"ETHAMOLIN Injection should be given to pregnant woman only if clearly needed.","Paediatric use":"Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established."}},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"company":"Qol Medcl","patents":[],"pricing":[],"_sources":{"trials":{"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=ETHANOLAMINE OLEATE","method":"api_direct","source":"ClinicalTrials.gov","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"ctgov","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T06:48:19.311285+00:00"},"timeline":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanolamine Oleate","method":"deterministic","source":"Wikipedia","rawText":"","confidence":0.8,"sourceType":"wikipedia","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T06:48:26.705953+00:00"},"aiSummary":{"url":"","method":"ai_extraction","source":"AI Strategic Summary","aiModel":"featherless","rawText":"","confidence":0.9,"sourceType":"ai_extraction","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T06:49:07.214961+00:00"},"regulatory.ca":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"Health Canada DPD","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"health_canada_dpd","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T06:48:25.182154+00:00"},"publicationCount":{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=ETHANOLAMINE OLEATE","method":"api_direct","source":"PubMed/NCBI","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"pubmed","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T06:48:25.477358+00:00"},"administration.route":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T06:48:18.203713+00:00"},"indications.approved":{"url":"","method":"ai_extraction","source":"FDA Label + AI","aiModel":"featherless","rawText":"","confidence":0.9,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T06:48:58.909062+00:00"},"safety.boxedWarnings":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label (no boxed warning)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T06:48:18.203752+00:00"},"mechanism.target_chembl":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL mechanism: Calcium chelating agent","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T06:48:26.705723+00:00"},"crossReferences.chemblId":{"url":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/compound_report_card/CHEMBL3989529/","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL (EMBL-EBI)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T06:48:26.326842+00:00"},"safety.commonSideEffects":{"url":"","method":"ai_extraction","source":"FDA Label + AI","aiModel":"featherless","rawText":"ADVERSE REACTIONS The reported frequency of complications/adverse events per injection session was 13%. The most common complications were pleural effusion/infiltration (2.1%), esophageal ulcer (2.1 %), pyrexia (1.8%), retrosternal pain (1.6%), esophageal stricture (1.3%), and pneumonia (1.2%). Other adverse local esophageal reactions have also been reported at rates of 0.1 to 0.4%, including esophagitis, tearing of the esophagus, sloughing of the mucosa overlying the injected varix, ulceration,","confidence":0.95,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T06:48:44.195388+00:00"},"safety.contraindications":{"url":"","method":"ai_extraction","source":"FDA Label + AI","aiModel":"featherless","rawText":"","confidence":0.95,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T06:48:50.663008+00:00"},"regulatory.fda_application":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label","rawText":"NDA019357","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T06:48:18.203756+00:00"}},"allNames":"ethamolin","offLabel":[],"synonyms":["ethamolin","ethanolamine oleate","monoethanolamine oleate"],"timeline":[{"date":"1988-01-01","type":"neutral","source":"FDA Orange Book","milestone":"Rights transferred from QOL MEDCL to Qol Medcl"},{"date":"1988-12-22","type":"positive","source":"DrugCentral","milestone":"FDA approval (Qol Medcl)"},{"date":"2017-06-26","type":"positive","source":"DrugCentral","milestone":"PMDA approval (Fuji Chemical Industries Co., Ltd.)"}],"aiSummary":"Ethamolin, marketed by Qol Medcl, is an ethanolamine oleate formulation used for preventing rebleeding in esophageal varices, positioned in a niche but critical therapeutic area. Its key strength lies in its mechanism of action, which disrupts cell membranes to reduce inflammation and relieve pain, offering a unique approach compared to other same-class competitors. The primary risk is the upcoming patent expiry in 2028, which could lead to increased competition from generics.","approvals":[{"date":"1988-12-22","orphan":true,"company":"QOL MEDCL","regulator":"FDA"},{"date":"2017-06-26","orphan":false,"company":"Fuji Chemical Industries Co., Ltd.","regulator":"PMDA"}],"brandName":"Ethamolin","ecosystem":[],"mechanism":{"novelty":"Follow-on","modality":"Small Molecule","drugClass":"ethanolamine oleate","explanation":"","oneSentence":"","technicalDetail":"Ethamolin's mechanism of action involves the saponification of cell membranes, resulting in the release of intracellular contents and a subsequent reduction in inflammation and pain. The exact molecular interactions and pharmacokinetic properties of Ethamolin are not well understood, highlighting the need for further research."},"_wikipedia":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanolamine","title":"Ethanolamine","extract":"Ethanolamine is a naturally occurring organic chemical compound with the formula HOCH2CH2NH2 or C2H7NO. The molecule is bifunctional, containing both a primary amine and a primary alcohol. Ethanolamine is a colorless, viscous liquid with an odor reminiscent of ammonia.","wiki_history":"== History ==\nEthanolamines, or in particular, their salts, were discovered by Charles Adolphe Wurtz in 1860 by heating 2-chloroethanol with ammonia solution while studying derivatives of ethylene oxide he discovered a year earlier. He wasn't able to separate the salts or isolate any free bases.\n\nIn 1897 Ludwig Knorr developed the modern industrial route (see below) and separated the products, including MEA, by fractional distillation, for the first time studying their properties.\n\nNone of the ethanolamines were of any commercial importance until after the WWII industrial production of ethylene oxide took off."},"commercial":{"launchDate":"1988","_launchSource":"DrugCentral (FDA 1988-12-22, QOL MEDCL)"},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/4086","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=ETHANOLAMINE%20OLEATE","fields":["trials"],"source":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"id":3,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=ETHANOLAMINE 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