{"id":"ethambutol-e","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":"1-5","effect":"Optic neuritis (vision changes, color blindness)"},{"rate":"1-2","effect":"Peripheral neuropathy"},{"rate":"1-5","effect":"Hyperuricemia"},{"rate":"1-3","effect":"Gastrointestinal disturbance"},{"rate":"1-2","effect":"Headache"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":{"setId":"c12b3482-55f0-4324-bdcd-b129ca2dae73","title":"ETHAMBUTOL HYDROCHLORIDE TABLET [REMEDYREPACK INC.]"},"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Ethambutol is a bacteriostatic agent that specifically targets enzymes involved in cell wall biosynthesis in mycobacteria. By inhibiting arabinosyl transferases, it prevents the incorporation of arabinose into arabinogalactan, a critical structural component of the mycobacterial cell wall. This disruption weakens cell wall integrity and halts bacterial growth.","oneSentence":"Ethambutol inhibits mycobacterial arabinosyl transferases, disrupting the synthesis of the arabinogalactan component of the mycobacterial cell wall.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-27T23:45:54.747Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Tuberculosis (TB), typically in combination with other anti-TB agents"},{"name":"Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection in immunocompromised patients"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT06253715","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Shortened Regimen for Drug-susceptible TB in Children","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Johns Hopkins University","startDate":"2025-01-15","conditions":"Tuberculosis, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary, Tuberculosis, Lymph Node","enrollment":860},{"nctId":"NCT03057756","phase":"","title":"Treatment of Tuberculosis Multidrug Resistance Treatment of Tuberculosis Multidrug 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(LIN-CL001)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Global Alliance for TB Drug Development","startDate":"2014-11","conditions":"Pulmonary Tuberculosis","enrollment":113},{"nctId":"NCT02457208","phase":"PHASE1","title":"PK Study of Anti-TB Drugs","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of Oxford","startDate":"2015-07-07","conditions":"Tuberculosis","enrollment":61},{"nctId":"NCT03604848","phase":"NA","title":"NGS-Guided(G) Regimens(R) of Anti-tuberculosis(A) Drugs for the Control(C) and Eradication(E) of MDR-TB","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Huashan Hospital","startDate":"2018-08-05","conditions":"Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis","enrollment":488},{"nctId":"NCT02313610","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Efficacy and Safety of Qinbudan as an Adjunct Therapy for Retreatment Pulmonary Tuberculosis","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","startDate":"2011-04","conditions":"Pulmonary Tuberculosis","enrollment":253},{"nctId":"NCT01225640","phase":"PHASE2","title":"PNU-100480 In Newly Diagnosed, Drug Sensitive Patients With Pulmonary TB; Early Bactericidal Activity; Whole Blood Assay","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Sequella, Inc.","startDate":"2011-08","conditions":"Tuberculosis","enrollment":59},{"nctId":"NCT02496572","phase":"","title":"Effectiveness of a Simplified Short Regimen for Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis in Uzbekistan","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Medecins Sans Frontieres, Netherlands","startDate":"2013-09","conditions":"Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis","enrollment":110},{"nctId":"NCT01222338","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Safety and Efficacy of Oral Immunomodulator in Tuberculosis (TB) and TB/HIV Patients","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Lisichansk Regional Tuberculosis Dispensary","startDate":"2010-01","conditions":"Tuberculosis","enrollment":123},{"nctId":"NCT00495326","phase":"PHASE2, PHASE3","title":"Comparison of Nevirapine and Efavirenz for the Treatment of HIV-TB Co-infected Patients (ANRS 12146 CARINEMO)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"French National Agency for Research on AIDS and Viral Hepatitis","startDate":"2007-12","conditions":"Tuberculosis, Aids, Hiv Infections","enrollment":570}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":0,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":["Emb"],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"Ethambutol (E)","genericName":"Ethambutol (E)","companyName":"University College, London","companyId":"university-college-london","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Ethambutol inhibits mycobacterial arabinosyl transferases, disrupting the synthesis of the arabinogalactan component of the mycobacterial cell wall. Used for Tuberculosis (TB), typically in combination with other anti-TB agents, Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection in immunocompromised patients.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":1,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}