{"id":"estramustine","rwe":[],"tags":[{"label":"Alkylating Drug","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"L01XX11","category":"atc"},{"label":"Off-Patent","category":"patent"},{"label":"Active","category":"status"},{"label":"Neoplasm of prostate","category":"indication"},{"label":"Alkylating Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Antineoplastic Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Noxae","category":"pharmacology"}],"phase":"discontinued","safety":{"safetySignals":[{"llr":49.59,"date":"","count":13,"signal":"Osteonecrosis of jaw","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 13 times (LLR=50)"}],"commonSideEffects":[{"effect":"Osteonecrosis of jaw","drugRate":"LLR 50","severity":"common"}],"contraindications":["Body fluid retention","Bone marrow depression","Breastfeeding (mother)","Cerebrovascular disease","Chronic heart failure","Diabetes mellitus","Disease of liver","Disorder of coronary artery","Edema","Epilepsy","Gynecomastia","Hyperbilirubinemia","Hypercalcemia associated with Metabolic Bone Disease","Hypertensive disorder","Hypocalcemia","Immunosuppression","Impotence","Kidney disease","Liver function tests abnormal","Migraine","Myocardial infarction","Pregnancy, function","Thromboembolic disorder","Thrombophlebitis"]},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"patents":[],"pricing":[],"allNames":"estracty","offLabel":[],"synonyms":["estramustine","estracty"],"timeline":[],"aiSummary":"Estramustine, also known as Estrapharma, is a small molecule alkylating drug. It is used to treat neoplasms of the prostate. Originally developed by, it is currently owned by Pharmacia And Upjohn. The commercial status of Estramustine is off-patent, with no active Orange Book patents. As an off-patent medication, it may be available from generic manufacturers.","approvals":[],"brandName":"Estracty","ecosystem":[{"indication":"Neoplasm of prostate","otherDrugs":[{"name":"flutamide","slug":"flutamide","company":""}],"globalPrevalence":null}],"mechanism":{"moaClass":"Alkylating Activity","modality":"Small Molecule","drugClass":"Alkylating Drug","explanation":"Imagine your DNA as a blueprint for your cells. Estramustine disrupts this blueprint by adding an extra piece of information, which confuses the cell and prevents it from growing and dividing. This ultimately leads to the death of the cancer cell.","oneSentence":"Estramustine works by attaching an alkyl group to DNA, interfering with cell division and ultimately killing cancer cells.","technicalDetail":"Estramustine exerts its cytotoxic effects through the formation of DNA cross-links and interstrand DNA cross-links, which interfere with DNA replication and transcription, leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis."},"commercial":{},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/1065","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=ESTRAMUSTINE","fields":["trials"],"source":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"id":3,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=ESTRAMUSTINE","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"},{"id":4,"url":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-approvals-and-databases/orange-book-data-files","fields":["patents","exclusivity","genericManufacturers"],"source":"FDA Orange 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