{"id":"epoetin","rwe":[],"tags":[],"safety":{"boxedWarnings":["ESAs increase the risk of death, myocardial infarction, stroke, venous thromboembolism, thrombosis of vascular access, and tumor progression or recurrence in patients with chronic kidney disease and cancer."],"drugInteractions":[],"commonSideEffects":[{"effect":"hypertension","drugRate":"≥ 5%","severity":"Moderate to severe"},{"effect":"arthralgia","drugRate":"≥ 5%","severity":"Mild to moderate"},{"effect":"muscle spasm","drugRate":"≥ 5%","severity":"Mild to moderate"},{"effect":"pyrexia","drugRate":"≥ 5%","severity":"Mild to moderate"},{"effect":"dizziness","drugRate":"≥ 5%","severity":"Mild to moderate"},{"effect":"medical device malfunction","drugRate":"≥ 5%","severity":"Variable"},{"effect":"vascular occlusion","drugRate":"≥ 5%","severity":"Severe"},{"effect":"upper respiratory tract infection","drugRate":"≥ 5%","severity":"Mild to moderate"},{"effect":"cough","drugRate":"≥ 5%","severity":"Mild to moderate"},{"effect":"rash","drugRate":"≥ 5%","severity":"Mild to moderate"},{"effect":"injection site irritation","drugRate":"≥ 5%","severity":"Mild to moderate"}],"contraindications":["Uncontrolled hypertension","Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) that begins after treatment with Epogen or other erythropoietin protein drugs","Serious allergic reactions to Epogen","Use of the multiple-dose vials containing benzyl alcohol in neonates, infants, pregnant women, and lactating women"],"specialPopulations":{"elderly":"No specific contraindications, but monitor for hypertension and other side effects","infants":"Contraindicated due to benzyl alcohol in multiple-dose vials","neonates":"Contraindicated due to benzyl alcohol in multiple-dose vials","pregnantWomen":"Contraindicated due to benzyl alcohol in multiple-dose vials","lactatingWomen":"Contraindicated due to benzyl alcohol in multiple-dose vials"}},"trials":[],"_chembl":null,"aliases":[],"patents":[],"pricing":[],"offLabel":[],"timeline":[],"_dailymed":{"setId":"1f2d0b28-9cc5-4523-80b8-637fdaf3f7a5","title":"EPOGEN (EPOETIN ALFA) SOLUTION [AMGEN, INC]"},"aiSummary":"Epogen (epoetin) is an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) used primarily to treat anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), HIV infection, and those undergoing chemotherapy. It works by stimulating red blood cell production similar to endogenous erythropoietin. However, it carries significant risks, including increased mortality, cardiovascular events, and tumor progression in cancer patients. The drug is contraindicated in patients with uncontrolled hypertension, pure red cell aplasia, and serious allergic reactions. It is also contraindicated in specific populations, such as neonates, infants, pregnant women, and lactating women when using multiple-dose vials containing benzyl alcohol.","ecosystem":[],"mechanism":{"target":"Erythropoietin receptor","novelty":"Epogen was one of the first recombinant human erythropoietins developed for therapeutic use.","modality":"Recombinant protein","drugClass":"Erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA)","explanation":"Epogen binds to the erythropoietin receptor on erythroid progenitor cells, promoting their differentiation and proliferation, thereby increasing red blood cell production.","oneSentence":"Epogen stimulates erythropoiesis by the same mechanism as endogenous erythropoietin.","technicalDetail":"The binding of Epogen to the erythropoietin receptor activates the JAK2/STAT5 signaling pathway, leading to the upregulation of genes involved in erythropoiesis."},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T01:11:15.123Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"commercial":{"yoyGrowth":"Not provided","launchDate":"Not provided","annualCostUS":"Not provided","currentRevenue":"Not provided","patientPopulation":"Patients with chronic kidney disease, HIV infection, and cancer undergoing chemotherapy","peakSalesEstimate":"Not provided"},"references":[],"biosimilars":[],"competitors":[],"indications":{"approved":["Treatment of anemia due to chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients on dialysis and not on dialysis","Treatment of anemia due to zidovudine in patients with HIV infection","Reduction of allogeneic red blood cell (RBC) transfusions in patients undergoing elective, noncardiac, nonvascular surgery","Treatment of anemia due to the effects of concomitant myelosuppressive chemotherapy"],"offLabel":[],"pipeline":[]},"labelChanges":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT07463820","phase":"PHASE2","title":"A Trial Comparing Three 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