{"id":"epinephrine-perfusion","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":null,"effect":"Tachycardia"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Hypertension"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Arrhythmias"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Anxiety / Tremor"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Headache"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Tissue necrosis (extravasation)"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Epinephrine is an endogenous catecholamine that stimulates alpha-1, alpha-2, beta-1, and beta-2 adrenergic receptors. When administered as a perfusion, it increases myocardial contractility and heart rate (beta-1 effects), causes vasoconstriction (alpha-1 effects), and promotes bronchodilation (beta-2 effects). This results in improved perfusion pressure and oxygen delivery to vital organs.","oneSentence":"Epinephrine (adrenaline) acts as a sympathomimetic agent that binds to alpha and beta adrenergic receptors to increase heart rate, blood pressure, and cardiac output.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-27T23:45:36.746Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Cardiogenic shock"},{"name":"Septic shock"},{"name":"Cardiac arrest (advanced life support)"},{"name":"Severe hypotension"},{"name":"Anaphylaxis"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT01434251","phase":"NA","title":"Treatment of Hypotension of Prematurity (TOHOP)","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"UMC Utrecht","startDate":"2011-09-01","conditions":"Hypotension","enrollment":150},{"nctId":"NCT05553184","phase":"NA","title":"Activation of Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis in Humans Using Formoterol Fumarate (GB10)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Université de Sherbrooke","startDate":"2022-07-05","conditions":"Type 2 Diabetes, Obesity","enrollment":12},{"nctId":"NCT05095259","phase":"NA","title":"Metabolic Adaptation to High-frequent Hypoglycaemia in Type 1 Diabetes","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Nordsjaellands Hospital","startDate":"2019-12-16","conditions":"Type1diabetes","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT04067648","phase":"NA","title":"Sufentanil on Anesthesia Introduction and Recovery Quality in Pediatric Adenotonsillectomy","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Tongji Hospital","startDate":"2020-07-06","conditions":"Sufentanil","enrollment":90},{"nctId":"NCT05492968","phase":"PHASE4","title":"The Effect of Epinephrine, Norepinephrine and Phenylephrine on Intraoperative Hemodynamic Performance","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Medical University of Vienna","startDate":"2022-09-01","conditions":"Cardiac Output, Low, Cardiac Output, High, Perfusion; 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Used for Cardiogenic shock, Septic shock, Cardiac arrest (advanced life support).","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}