{"id":"epinephrine-hfa-mdi-e004","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":null,"effect":"Tremor"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Tachycardia"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Palpitations"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Headache"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Nervousness"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Hypertension"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Epinephrine acts as a non-selective adrenergic agonist, stimulating both alpha-1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptors. In the lungs, beta-2 activation relaxes bronchial smooth muscle and reverses airway obstruction. Alpha-1 activation causes vasoconstriction and reduces mucosal edema, while systemic effects include increased heart rate and blood pressure, making it effective for acute anaphylaxis and severe asthma exacerbations.","oneSentence":"Epinephrine is a sympathomimetic amine that binds to alpha and beta adrenergic receptors to produce rapid bronchodilation, increased heart rate, and vasoconstriction.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T01:11:05.062Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Acute asthma exacerbation"},{"name":"Anaphylaxis"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT01460511","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety of E004 in Children With Asthma","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Amphastar Pharmaceuticals, Inc.","startDate":"2011-10","conditions":"Asthma","enrollment":70},{"nctId":"NCT01025648","phase":"PHASE1, PHASE2","title":"Randomized, Placebo/Active Crossover Dose-ranging Study for Safety and Efficacy in Asthma Patients.","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Amphastar Pharmaceuticals, Inc.","startDate":"2009-12","conditions":"Asthma","enrollment":9},{"nctId":"NCT01737892","phase":"PHASE1, PHASE2","title":"Assessment and Evaluation of Pharmacokinetic Profile of E004 in Healthy Adults","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Amphastar Pharmaceuticals, Inc.","startDate":"2012-11","conditions":"Asthma","enrollment":21},{"nctId":"NCT01737905","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety for Single Dose of E004 in Children With Asthma","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Amphastar Pharmaceuticals, Inc.","startDate":"2012-10","conditions":"Asthma","enrollment":28},{"nctId":"NCT01357642","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Epinephrine Inhalation Aerosol USP: For Evaluation Of Efficacy And Safety In Asthma Patients","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Amphastar Pharmaceuticals, Inc.","startDate":"2011-07","conditions":"Asthma","enrollment":373}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":0,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":[],"phase":"phase_3","status":"active","brandName":"Epinephrine HFA-MDI (E004)","genericName":"Epinephrine HFA-MDI (E004)","companyName":"Amphastar Pharmaceuticals, Inc.","companyId":"amphastar-pharmaceuticals-inc","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Epinephrine HFA-MDI (E004) is a small molecule adrenergic receptor agonist used to treat asthma in children. It belongs to the drug class of agonists and is administered via inhalation aerosol.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}