{"id":"epinephrine-and-levosimendan","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":null,"effect":"Tachycardia"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Hypertension"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Arrhythmias"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Tremor"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Headache"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Epinephrine acts as a catecholamine agonist, increasing heart rate and contractile force through beta-1 adrenergic receptors while also providing vasoconstriction via alpha-1 receptors. Levosimendan is an inodilator that increases myocardial contractility by sensitizing cardiac troponin C to calcium without increasing oxygen consumption, while simultaneously causing vasodilation. Together, they provide both inotropic support and hemodynamic improvement in cardiogenic shock or acute decompensated heart failure.","oneSentence":"This combination uses epinephrine's alpha and beta-adrenergic stimulation alongside levosimendan's calcium sensitization to enhance cardiac contractility and improve hemodynamics in acute heart failure.","_ai_confidence":"low"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-27T23:45:38.731Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Acute decompensated heart failure with cardiogenic shock"},{"name":"Acute heart failure requiring inotropic support"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT06155812","phase":"PHASE2, PHASE3","title":"Multimodal Vasopressor Strategy in Septic Shock","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"University Medical Centre Maribor","startDate":"2023-12-23","conditions":"Shock, Septic","enrollment":80},{"nctId":"NCT06784570","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Impact of Perioperative Levosimendan on Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery With Low Ejection Fraction","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Zagazig University","startDate":"2021-01-01","conditions":"Cardiac Surgery, Low Ejection Fraction","enrollment":240},{"nctId":"NCT04369573","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Study on Early Intra-aortic Balloon Pump Placement in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Niguarda Hospital","startDate":"2020-05-04","conditions":"Cardiogenic Shock","enrollment":100},{"nctId":"NCT05702333","phase":"","title":"Vasoactive-inotropic Support and Levosimendan Use After Lung Transplantation","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Policlinico Hospital","startDate":"2017-02-01","conditions":"Lung Transplant; Complications","enrollment":150},{"nctId":"NCT05658692","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Platform Adaptive Embedded Trial for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University","startDate":"2022-10-01","conditions":"Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome","enrollment":1000},{"nctId":"NCT05222256","phase":"NA","title":"Comparison Between Levosimendan and Adrenaline in CABG Patients","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Assiut University","startDate":"2022-03","conditions":"Open Heart Surgery","enrollment":52},{"nctId":"NCT01616069","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Assessment of Hemodynamic Response in Cardiopulmonary Bypass Graft After Cardiopulmonary Bypass Using Transesophegeal Echocardiography","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Federal University of Juiz de Fora","startDate":"2012-02","conditions":"Cardiopulmonary Bypass Graft","enrollment":81}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":108,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":[],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"epinephrine and levosimendan","genericName":"epinephrine and levosimendan","companyName":"Federal University of Juiz de Fora","companyId":"federal-university-of-juiz-de-fora","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"This combination uses epinephrine's alpha and beta-adrenergic stimulation alongside levosimendan's calcium sensitization to enhance cardiac contractility and improve hemodynamics in acute heart failure. Used for Acute decompensated heart failure with cardiogenic shock, Acute heart failure requiring inotropic support.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}