{"id":"epinephrin-0-01","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":null,"effect":"Tachycardia"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Hypertension"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Tremor"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Anxiety"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Headache"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Arrhythmias"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Myocardial ischemia"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Epinephrine binds to alpha-1, alpha-2, beta-1, and beta-2 adrenergic receptors on target tissues. This activation increases cardiac contractility and heart rate (beta-1), causes vasoconstriction (alpha-1), and promotes bronchial smooth muscle relaxation (beta-2). The 0.01 concentration indicates a dilute formulation typically used for local hemostasis or mild systemic effects.","oneSentence":"Epinephrine is a catecholamine that activates alpha and beta adrenergic receptors to increase heart rate, blood pressure, and bronchial dilation.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-27T23:29:28.642Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Anaphylaxis"},{"name":"Cardiac arrest (asystole, pulseless electrical activity, ventricular fibrillation)"},{"name":"Severe hypotension"},{"name":"Bronchospasm"},{"name":"Local hemostasis during surgery"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT04546399","phase":"PHASE2","title":"A Study to Compare Blinatumomab Alone to Blinatumomab With Nivolumab in Patients Diagnosed With First Relapse B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (B-ALL)","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"National Cancer Institute (NCI)","startDate":"2020-12-17","conditions":"Down Syndrome, Recurrent B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia","enrollment":461},{"nctId":"NCT06962007","phase":"NA","title":"Sugammadex-Induced Clenching During Neuromuscular Blockade Reversal","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Wonkwang University Hospital","startDate":"2025-05-01","conditions":"Neuromuscular Blockade Reversal Agent, Perioperative Complications, Anesthesia, General","enrollment":240},{"nctId":"NCT07013071","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Hemodynamic Effects of Different Vasoconstrictors in Mandibular Exodontia","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"King Abdulaziz University","startDate":"2024-02-10","conditions":"Hemodynamics, Pain, ASA I-II Requiring Simple Dental Extraction of a Mandibular Tooth","enrollment":52},{"nctId":"NCT03921346","phase":"NA","title":"Reducing Prehospital Medication Errors & Time to Drug Delivery by EMS During Simulated Pediatric CPR","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Pediatric Clinical Research Platform","startDate":"2019-09-03","conditions":"Cardiopulmonary Arrest, Resuscitation, Pediatrics","enrollment":150},{"nctId":"NCT06128590","phase":"NA","title":"Photobiomodulation for Controlling Pre-Local Anesthetic Injection Pain","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of Nove de Julho","startDate":"2023-02-15","conditions":"Fear Needles","enrollment":50},{"nctId":"NCT06009302","phase":"NA","title":"Analgesic Effects of Extraoral Ultrasound Block of Mandibular Nerve for the Extraction of Lower Third Molars","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Varazdin General Hospital","startDate":"2023-09-01","conditions":"Molar, Impacted Teeth","enrollment":36},{"nctId":"NCT04365088","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Evaluation of the Effects of Pre-operative Deflazacort on Post-operative Pain, Edema and Trismus","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Yuzuncu Yil University","startDate":"2018-12-15","conditions":"Impacted Third Molar Tooth","enrollment":35},{"nctId":"NCT04349579","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Evaluation of the Effects of Irrigation of the Extraction Socket With Rifamycine","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Yuzuncu Yil University","startDate":"2018-11-15","conditions":"Impacted Third Molar Tooth","enrollment":35},{"nctId":"NCT05572723","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Comparison of the Effects of Remifentanil and Dexmedetomidine Administered Under General Anesthesia in Rhinoplasty","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Baskent University","startDate":"2022-03-01","conditions":"Rhinoplasty, Dexmedetomidine, Remifentanil","enrollment":50},{"nctId":"NCT03286634","phase":"PHASE2","title":"ASIA Down Syndrome Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia 2016","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center","startDate":"2017-04-18","conditions":"Down Syndrome, Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Childhood Cancer","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT05279703","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Epinephrine Infusion for Prophylaxis Against Maternal Hypotension During Cesarean Delivery","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Kasr El Aini Hospital","startDate":"2022-03-21","conditions":"Postspinal Hypotension, Cesarean Delivery, Epinephrine","enrollment":276},{"nctId":"NCT05225597","phase":"NA","title":"The Effect of Intracameral Carbachol and Epinephrine on Choroidal Thickness","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Ordu University","startDate":"2021-01-01","conditions":"Epinephrine Toxicity, Cataract, Carbachol Adverse Reaction","enrollment":81},{"nctId":"NCT04221685","phase":"NA","title":"Intraoperative Pain After Infiltration Technique Using Artpharma Versus Artinibsa in Children","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Cairo University","startDate":"2020-12-01","conditions":"Pain, Postoperative","enrollment":130},{"nctId":"NCT01797822","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Effects of Dry Eye Treatments on the Ocular Surface","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Baylor College of Medicine","startDate":"2013-02","conditions":"Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca, Dry Eye Syndrome","enrollment":20},{"nctId":"NCT00628550","phase":"PHASE1","title":"Trial of Vasopressin and Epinephrine to Epinephrine Only for In-Hospital Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center","startDate":"2008-04","conditions":"Cardiopulmonary Arrest, Cardiac Arrest","enrollment":130},{"nctId":"NCT03441412","phase":"PHASE1","title":"A Study of the Effect of Epinephrine on Platelet Reactivity in Subjects Treated With Ticagrelor","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Vastra Gotaland Region","startDate":"2018-02-28","conditions":"Healthy Volunteers","enrollment":10},{"nctId":"NCT02428062","phase":"PHASE2, PHASE3","title":"Target Hemodynamics and Brain Injury During General Anesthesia in the Elderly","status":"SUSPENDED","sponsor":"Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico","startDate":"2014-10","conditions":"Post-operative Cognitive Dysfunction","enrollment":1812},{"nctId":"NCT02416531","phase":"NA","title":"Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus: Comparison Between Clobetasol Propionate, Photodynamic Therapy and Low-Intensity Laser","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Daniela de Fátima Teixeira da Silva","startDate":"2015-01","conditions":"Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus","enrollment":30},{"nctId":"NCT00514982","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Medical Treatment of Colitis in Patients With Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)","startDate":"2007-08-07","conditions":"Hermanski-Pudlak Syndrome, Colitis, Cytokines","enrollment":""},{"nctId":"NCT02563912","phase":"NA","title":"Pre-calculated Doses of Medication for Pediatric Resuscitation, a Simulation Experimental Trial","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"St. Justine's Hospital","startDate":"2015-09","conditions":"Healthy","enrollment":40},{"nctId":"NCT01792037","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Single Dose of Etomidate and Adrenal Cortex","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Istanbul University","startDate":"2012-12","conditions":"Adrenocortical Deficiency, Hemodynamic Instability","enrollment":90},{"nctId":"NCT01264653","phase":"NA","title":"Study of Intracameral Adrenaline for Pupil Dilation Without Topical Mydriatics in Refractive Cataract Surgery","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Wenzhou Medical University","startDate":"2010-12","conditions":"Cataract","enrollment":60}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":4158,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":["adrenaline"],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"Epinephrin 0.01","genericName":"Epinephrin 0.01","companyName":"Kasr El Aini Hospital","companyId":"kasr-el-aini-hospital","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Epinephrine is a catecholamine that activates alpha and beta adrenergic receptors to increase heart rate, blood pressure, and bronchial dilation. Used for Anaphylaxis, Cardiac arrest (asystole, pulseless electrical activity, ventricular fibrillation), Severe hypotension.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}