{"id":"epidural-anesthesia","_chembl":null,"_sources":{"trials":{"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=Epidural anesthesia","method":"api_direct","source":"ClinicalTrials.gov","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"ctgov","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:39:31.805638+00:00"},"timeline":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidural Anesthesia","method":"deterministic","source":"Wikipedia","rawText":"","confidence":0.8,"sourceType":"wikipedia","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:39:38.792664+00:00"},"regulatory.ca":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"Health Canada DPD","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"health_canada_dpd","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:39:37.390627+00:00"},"publicationCount":{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Epidural anesthesia","method":"api_direct","source":"PubMed/NCBI","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"pubmed","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:39:37.696051+00:00"},"mechanism.target_chembl":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL mechanism: Sodium channel alpha subunit blocker","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:39:38.792595+00:00"},"crossReferences.chemblId":{"url":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/compound_report_card/CHEMBL1255654/","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL (EMBL-EBI)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:39:38.452796+00:00"}},"_dailymed":null,"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-27T23:29:27.806Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidural_administration","title":"Epidural administration","extract":"Epidural administration is a method of medication administration in which a medicine is injected into the epidural space around the spinal cord. The epidural route is used by physicians and nurse anesthetists to administer local anesthetic agents, analgesics, diagnostic medicines such as radiocontrast agents, and other medicines such as glucocorticoids. Epidural administration involves the placement of a catheter into the epidural space, which may remain in place for the duration of the treatment. The technique of intentional epidural administration of medication was first described in 1921 by the Spanish Aragonese military surgeon Fidel Pagés."},"_validation":{"fieldsValidated":0,"lastValidatedAt":"2026-04-20T03:39:40.288327+00:00","fieldsConflicting":0,"overallConfidence":0.95},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT07292324","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Continuous Epidural With Dexmedetomidine Adjuvant in Gynecologic Laparotomy","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Udayana University","startDate":"2025-08-21","conditions":"Post Operative Pain, Acute, Chronic Post Surgical Pain, Gynecologic Disease","enrollment":62},{"nctId":"NCT05731973","phase":"NA","title":"Intercostal Nerve Cryoablation Versus Epidural Analgesia for Nuss Repair of Pectus Excavatum","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Zuyderland Medisch Centrum","startDate":"2023-12-08","conditions":"Pectus Excavatum, Funnel Chest","enrollment":50},{"nctId":"NCT07423650","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Continous Infusion of Nefopam for Patients 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