{"id":"enprofylline","rwe":[{"pmid":"40607519","year":"2025","title":"Pan-Cancer Analysis of G Protein-Coupled Receptors as Cancer Driver Genes and Drug Repurposing Targets.","finding":"","journal":"Journal of chemical information and modeling","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"39430241","year":"2024","title":"Theophylline derivatives promote primordial follicle activation via cAMP-PI3K/Akt pathway and ameliorate fertility deficits in naturally aged mice.","finding":"","journal":"International journal of biological sciences","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"38833181","year":"2025","title":"A(2B) adenosine receptor signaling and regulation.","finding":"","journal":"Purinergic signalling","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"35052792","year":"2022","title":"Identification of Druggable Genes for Asthma by Integrated Genomic Network Analysis.","finding":"","journal":"Biomedicines","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"20543089","year":"2010","title":"Contraction-induced secretion of VEGF from skeletal muscle cells is mediated by adenosine.","finding":"","journal":"American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology","studyType":"Clinical Study"}],"tags":[{"label":"enprofylline","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"Adenosine receptor A2b","category":"target"},{"label":"ADORA2B","category":"gene"},{"label":"ADORA2A","category":"gene"},{"label":"ADORA1","category":"gene"},{"label":"Active","category":"status"},{"label":"Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Anti-Asthmatic Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Bronchodilator Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Neurotransmitter Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Peripheral Nervous System Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Purinergic Antagonists","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Purinergic P1 Receptor Antagonists","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Respiratory System Agents","category":"pharmacology"}],"phase":"phase_2","safety":{},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"patents":[],"pricing":[],"allNames":"3-propylxanthine","offLabel":[],"synonyms":["enprofylline","3-Propylxanthine"],"timeline":[],"approvals":[],"brandName":"3-Propylxanthine","ecosystem":[],"mechanism":{"target":"Adenosine receptor A3, Adenosine receptor A1, Adenosine receptor A2a","targets":[{"gene":"ADORA2B","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Adenosine receptor A2b","protein":"Adenosine receptor A2b"},{"gene":"ADORA2A","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Adenosine receptor A2a","protein":"Adenosine receptor A2a"},{"gene":"ADORA1","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Adenosine receptor A1","protein":"Adenosine receptor A1"},{"gene":"ADORA3","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Adenosine receptor A3","protein":"Adenosine receptor A3"},{"gene":"PDE4B","source":"DrugCentral","target":"cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B","protein":"cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B"}],"modality":"Small Molecule","drugClass":"enprofylline","explanation":"Think of adenosine like a brake pedal in your car. When adenosine binds to its receptor, it slows down the flow of blood. Enprofylline is like a brake pad remover - it takes the adenosine out of the way, allowing blood to flow more freely and reducing inflammation in the process.","oneSentence":"Enprofylline works by blocking the adenosine receptor A2b, which helps to increase blood flow and reduce inflammation.","technicalDetail":"Enprofylline acts as a selective antagonist of the adenosine receptor A2b, which is involved in the regulation of vascular tone and inflammation. By blocking this receptor, enprofylline increases the levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP) in target tissues, leading to vasodilation and anti-inflammatory effects."},"commercial":{},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/1015","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=ENPROFYLLINE","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"}],"_enrichedAt":"2026-03-30T10:56:48.830609","biosimilars":[],"competitors":[{"drugName":"adenosine","drugSlug":"adenosine","fdaApproval":"1989-10-30","genericCount":15,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"caffeine","drugSlug":"caffeine","fdaApproval":"1948-11-26","genericCount":8,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"choline theophyllinate","drugSlug":"choline-theophyllinate","fdaApproval":"1981-11-05","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"clotrimazole","drugSlug":"clotrimazole","fdaApproval":"1975-02-03","patentExpiry":"May 26, 2042","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"diethylstilbestrol","drugSlug":"diethylstilbestrol","fdaApproval":"1973-05-30","genericCount":1,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"econazole","drugSlug":"econazole","fdaApproval":"1982-12-23","patentExpiry":"Aug 8, 2031","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"gabapentin","drugSlug":"gabapentin","fdaApproval":"1993-12-30","genericCount":47,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"istradefylline","drugSlug":"istradefylline","fdaApproval":"2019-08-27","patentExpiry":"Sep 5, 2027","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"liothyronine","drugSlug":"liothyronine","fdaApproval":"1956-05-08","genericCount":9,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"lovastatin","drugSlug":"lovastatin","fdaApproval":"1987-08-31","genericCount":9,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-target"}],"dataSources":[{"url":"https://drugcentral.org","name":"DrugCentral","fields":["indications","contraindications","safety","target","drugInteractions"],"retrievedDate":"2026-04-07"}],"genericName":"enprofylline","indications":{"approved":[],"offLabel":[],"pipeline":[]},"drugCategory":"active","labelChanges":[],"relatedDrugs":[{"drugId":"adenosine","brandName":"adenosine","genericName":"adenosine","approvalYear":"1989","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"caffeine","brandName":"caffeine","genericName":"caffeine","approvalYear":"1948","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"choline-theophyllinate","brandName":"choline theophyllinate","genericName":"choline theophyllinate","approvalYear":"1981","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"clotrimazole","brandName":"clotrimazole","genericName":"clotrimazole","approvalYear":"1975","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"diethylstilbestrol","brandName":"diethylstilbestrol","genericName":"diethylstilbestrol","approvalYear":"1973","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"econazole","brandName":"econazole","genericName":"econazole","approvalYear":"1982","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"gabapentin","brandName":"gabapentin","genericName":"gabapentin","approvalYear":"1993","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"istradefylline","brandName":"istradefylline","genericName":"istradefylline","approvalYear":"2019","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"liothyronine","brandName":"liothyronine","genericName":"liothyronine","approvalYear":"1956","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"lovastatin","brandName":"lovastatin","genericName":"lovastatin","approvalYear":"1987","relationship":"same-target"}],"trialDetails":[],"genericFilers":[],"latestUpdates":[],"manufacturing":[],"administration":{},"crossReferences":{"UNII":"DT7DT5E518","CHEBI":"CHEBI:126237","INN_ID":"4878","UMLSCUI":"C0059372","ChEMBL_ID":"CHEMBL279898","KEGG_DRUG":"D04006","DRUGBANK_ID":"DB00824","PUBCHEM_CID":"1676","MESH_SUPPLEMENTAL_RECORD_UI":"C034347"},"formularyStatus":[],"_enricherVersion":"v2","developmentCodes":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"pharmacokinetics":{"source":"DrugCentral","halfLife":"1.8 hours","clearance":"4.0 mL/min/kg","fractionUnbound":"0.55%","volumeOfDistribution":"0.63 L/kg"},"publicationCount":241,"therapeuticAreas":["Hematology"],"biosimilarFilings":[],"recentPublications":[{"date":"2025 Jul 14","pmid":"40607519","title":"Pan-Cancer Analysis of G Protein-Coupled Receptors as Cancer Driver Genes and Drug Repurposing Targets.","journal":"Journal of chemical information and modeling"},{"date":"2024","pmid":"39430241","title":"Theophylline derivatives promote primordial follicle activation via cAMP-PI3K/Akt pathway and ameliorate fertility deficits in naturally aged mice.","journal":"International journal of biological sciences"},{"date":"2025 Apr","pmid":"38833181","title":"A(2B) adenosine receptor signaling and regulation.","journal":"Purinergic signalling"},{"date":"2022 Jan 6","pmid":"35052792","title":"Identification of Druggable Genes for Asthma by Integrated Genomic Network Analysis.","journal":"Biomedicines"},{"date":"2010 Sep","pmid":"20543089","title":"Contraction-induced secretion of VEGF from skeletal muscle cells is mediated by adenosine.","journal":"American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology"}],"companionDiagnostics":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"status":"active","companyName":"","companyId":"","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"3-Propylxanthine, also known as enprofylline, is a small molecule drug that targets the adenosine receptor A2b. It belongs to the enprofylline drug class and is used to treat various conditions, although its approved indications are currently unknown. The commercial status of enprofylline is also unclear, with information on its patent status and generic availability not readily available. Key safety considerations include its relatively short half-life of 1.8 hours, although further details on its bioavailability and potential side effects are lacking. As a result, more research is needed to fully understand the properties and applications of enprofylline.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":1,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"partial","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":false,"safety":false,"trials":false,"score":1}}