{"id":"enoximone","rwe":[],"tags":[{"label":"enoximone","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"Phosphodiesterase 4","category":"target"},{"label":"PDE4A","category":"gene"},{"label":"PDE4B","category":"gene"},{"label":"PDE4C","category":"gene"},{"label":"C01CE03","category":"atc"},{"label":"Active","category":"status"},{"label":"Cardiotonic Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Cardiovascular Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Enzyme Inhibitors","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Phosphodiesterase 3 Inhibitors","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Protective Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Vasodilator Agents","category":"pharmacology"}],"phase":"discontinued","safety":{},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"patents":[],"pricing":[],"allNames":"fenoximone","offLabel":[],"synonyms":["fenoximone","enoximone"],"timeline":[{"date":"1988-01-01","type":"positive","source":"DrugCentral","milestone":"YEAR INTRODUCED approval"}],"aiSummary":"Fenoximone, also known as Enoximone, is a small molecule drug that targets Phosphodiesterase 4. It belongs to the enoximone drug class and is used to treat certain conditions. However, its commercial status and approved indications are unknown. As a result, its availability and safety considerations cannot be confirmed. Further research is needed to determine its efficacy and potential side effects.","approvals":[{"date":"1988-01-01","orphan":false,"company":"","regulator":"YEAR INTRODUCED"}],"brandName":"Fenoximone","ecosystem":[],"mechanism":{"target":"cGMP-inhibited 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase A, Phosphodiesterase 4","targets":[{"gene":"PDE4A","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Phosphodiesterase 4","protein":"cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4A"},{"gene":"PDE4B","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Phosphodiesterase 4","protein":"cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B"},{"gene":"PDE4C","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Phosphodiesterase 4","protein":"cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4C"},{"gene":"PDE4D","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Phosphodiesterase 4","protein":"cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4D"},{"gene":"PDE3A","source":"DrugCentral","target":"cGMP-inhibited 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase A","protein":"cGMP-inhibited 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase A"}],"modality":"Small Molecule","drugClass":"enoximone","explanation":"Think of cAMP as a messenger that helps cells respond to signals. When Phosphodiesterase 4 breaks it down, the signal is lost. By blocking this enzyme, fenoximone allows cAMP to stay active longer, helping cells to respond more effectively to signals.","oneSentence":"Fenoximone works by inhibiting the enzyme Phosphodiesterase 4, which breaks down cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), a molecule that helps regulate various cellular processes.","technicalDetail":"Fenoximone acts as a competitive inhibitor of Phosphodiesterase 4, specifically targeting the PDE4D isoform, which is involved in the regulation of inflammatory responses and other cellular processes."},"commercial":{},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/1014","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=ENOXIMONE","fields":["trials"],"source":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"id":3,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=ENOXIMONE","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"}],"_enrichedAt":"2026-03-30T10:56:43.905527","biosimilars":[],"competitors":[{"drugName":"amrinone","drugSlug":"amrinone","fdaApproval":"1984-07-31","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"milrinone","drugSlug":"milrinone","fdaApproval":"1987-12-31","genericCount":16,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"}],"dataSources":[{"url":"https://drugcentral.org","name":"DrugCentral","fields":["indications","contraindications","safety","target","drugInteractions"],"retrievedDate":"2026-04-07"}],"genericName":"enoximone","indications":{"approved":[],"offLabel":[],"pipeline":[]},"drugCategory":"active","labelChanges":[],"relatedDrugs":[{"drugId":"amrinone","brandName":"amrinone","genericName":"amrinone","approvalYear":"1984","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"milrinone","brandName":"milrinone","genericName":"milrinone","approvalYear":"1987","relationship":"same-class"}],"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT06189014","phase":"","title":"The International PERForator ANeurysm Registry (PERFAN)","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Insel Gruppe AG, University Hospital Bern","startDate":"2023-11-09","conditions":["Aneurysm, Brain"],"enrollment":300,"completionDate":"2025-12-31"},{"nctId":"NCT05064202","phase":"NA","title":"Unloading in Heart Failure Cardiogenic Shock","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc","startDate":"2023-10-01","conditions":["Cardiogenic Shock"],"enrollment":456,"completionDate":"2028-07-01"},{"nctId":"NCT04420455","phase":"PHASE4","title":"The Effects of Enoximone in Acute Exacerbation COPD","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Rijnstate Hospital","startDate":"2020-05-12","conditions":["COPD Exacerbation","Enoximone","Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor"],"enrollment":3,"completionDate":"2021-12-21"},{"nctId":"NCT02285309","phase":"","title":"Perioperative Measurements of Diastolic Function in Cardiac Surgery","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"University College, London","startDate":"2014-11","conditions":["Diastolic Dysfunction"],"enrollment":100,"completionDate":""},{"nctId":"NCT00077948","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Enoximone Plus Extended-Release Metoprolol Succinate in Subjects With Advanced Chronic Heart Failure","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Gilead Sciences","startDate":"2003-07","conditions":["Heart Failure, Congestive"],"enrollment":175,"completionDate":"2005-06"},{"nctId":"NCT00051285","phase":"PHASE3","title":"ESSENTIAL-\"The Studies of Oral Enoximone Therapy in Advanced Heart Failure\"","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Gilead Sciences","startDate":"2002-02","conditions":["Heart Failure, Congestive"],"enrollment":1800,"completionDate":"2005-06"},{"nctId":"NCT00484133","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Microcirculation Guided Therapy Versus \"Standard Treatment\" of Severe Sepsis","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis","startDate":"2007-06","conditions":["Severe Sepsis","Microcirculation"],"enrollment":80,"completionDate":""},{"nctId":"NCT00348101","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Effects of Beta-Blocker Therapy and Phosphodiesterase Inhibition on Cardiac Neurohormonal Activation","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Klinikum Ludwigshafen","startDate":"2006-06","conditions":["Coronary Artery Disease"],"enrollment":75,"completionDate":"2007-05"}],"genericFilers":[],"latestUpdates":[],"manufacturing":[],"administration":{},"crossReferences":{"NUI":"N0000167073","NDDF":"003676","UNII":"C7Z4ITI7L7","CHEBI":"CHEBI:135010","INN_ID":"5582","RXNORM":"49626","UMLSCUI":"C0116190","ChEMBL_ID":"CHEMBL249856","KEGG_DRUG":"D04004","DRUGBANK_ID":"DB04880","PUBCHEM_CID":"53708","SNOMEDCT_US":"320067009","IUPHAR_LIGAND_ID":"9063","MESH_DESCRIPTOR_UI":"D017335"},"formularyStatus":[],"_enricherVersion":"v2","developmentCodes":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"pharmacokinetics":{"source":"DrugCentral","halfLife":"1.94 hours","clearance":"19.1 mL/min/kg","fractionUnbound":"0.3%","volumeOfDistribution":"1.48 L/kg"},"publicationCount":522,"therapeuticAreas":["Other"],"atcClassification":{"source":"DrugCentral","atcCode":"C01CE03","allCodes":["C01CE03"]},"biosimilarFilings":[],"recentPublications":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"status":"discontinued","companyName":"","companyId":"","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"regulatoryByCountry":[{"country_code":"OTHER","regulator":"YEAR INTRODUCED","status":"approved","approval_date":"1988-01-01T00:00:00.000Z","mah":"","brand_name_local":null,"application_number":""}],"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"partial","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":false,"safety":false,"trials":true,"score":2}}