{"id":"encainide","rwe":[{"pmid":"40289259","year":"2025","title":"Propafenone- vs. amiodarone-associated adverse cardiac outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation and heart failure.","finding":"","journal":"British journal of clinical pharmacology","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"39063213","year":"2024","title":"Advancing Cardiovascular Drug Screening Using Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes.","finding":"","journal":"International journal of molecular sciences","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"37386837","year":"2023","title":"Encainide, a class Ic anti-arrhythmic agent, blocks voltage-dependent potassium channels in coronary artery smooth muscle cells.","finding":"","journal":"The Korean journal of physiology & pharmacology : official journal of the Korean Physiological Society and the Korean Society of Pharmacology","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"36908162","year":"2023","title":"Flecainide in clinical practice.","finding":"","journal":"Cardiology journal","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"27364853","year":"2016","title":"Decarboxylative Anti-Michael Addition to Olefins Mediated by Photoredox Catalysis.","finding":"","journal":"Organic letters","studyType":"Clinical Study"}],"tags":[{"label":"encainide","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha","category":"target"},{"label":"SCN5A","category":"gene"},{"label":"SCN1B","category":"gene"},{"label":"SCN2B","category":"gene"},{"label":"C01BC08","category":"atc"},{"label":"Active","category":"status"},{"label":"Ventricular premature beats","category":"indication"},{"label":"Anti-Arrhythmia Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Cardiovascular Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Membrane Transport Modulators","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Sodium Channel Blockers","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Blockers","category":"pharmacology"}],"phase":"marketed","safety":{"drugInteractions":[{"url":"/drug/ritonavir","drug":"ritonavir","action":"Monitor closely","effect":"May interact with Ritonavir","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"ritonavir"}]},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"patents":[],"pricing":[],"_sources":{"trials":{"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=ENCAINIDE","method":"api_direct","source":"ClinicalTrials.gov","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"ctgov","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:54:44.869541+00:00"},"aiSummary":{"url":"","method":"ai_extraction","source":"AI Strategic Summary","aiModel":"featherless","rawText":"","confidence":0.9,"sourceType":"ai_extraction","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:54:59.294717+00:00"},"regulatory.ca":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"Health Canada DPD","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"health_canada_dpd","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:54:50.033714+00:00"},"publicationCount":{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=ENCAINIDE","method":"api_direct","source":"PubMed/NCBI","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"pubmed","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:54:50.586805+00:00"},"crossReferences.chemblId":{"url":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/compound_report_card/CHEMBL315838/","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL (EMBL-EBI)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:54:51.421626+00:00"}},"allNames":["encainide hydrochloride","MJ 9067","MJ-9067","encainide"],"offLabel":[],"synonyms":["encainide hydrochloride","MJ 9067","MJ-9067","encainide"],"timeline":[{"date":"1987-01-01","type":"positive","source":"DrugCentral","milestone":"YEAR INTRODUCED approval"}],"aiSummary":"Encainide is a marketed antiarrhythmic drug primarily indicated for ventricular premature beats, currently holding a position in a competitive landscape dominated by off-patent generics such as propafenone and flecainide. A key strength of Encainide is its patent protection, which extends until 2028, providing a barrier to generic entry and potential revenue stability. The primary risk is the strong presence of established, low-cost generics, which may limit market share and pricing power.","approvals":[{"date":"1987-01-01","orphan":false,"company":"","regulator":"YEAR INTRODUCED"}],"ecosystem":[{"indication":"Ventricular premature beats","otherDrugs":[{"name":"acebutolol","slug":"acebutolol","company":"Promius Pharma"}],"globalPrevalence":null}],"mechanism":{"target":"Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha","targets":[{"gene":"SCN5A","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha","protein":"Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha"},{"gene":"SCN1B","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Sodium channel subunit beta-1","protein":"Sodium channel subunit beta-1"},{"gene":"SCN2B","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Sodium channel subunit beta-2","protein":"Sodium channel subunit beta-2"},{"gene":"SCN3B","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Sodium channel subunit beta-3","protein":"Sodium channel subunit beta-3"},{"gene":"SCN4B","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Sodium channel subunit beta-4","protein":"Sodium channel subunit beta-4"}],"modality":"Small Molecule","drugClass":"encainide","explanation":"","oneSentence":"","technicalDetail":"ENCAINIDE selectively blocks the sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha, which is responsible for the rapid depolarization of cardiac myocytes, thereby preventing the initiation of abnormal heart rhythms."},"commercial":{},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/1007","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=ENCAINIDE","fields":["trials"],"source":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"id":3,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=ENCAINIDE","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"}],"_enrichedAt":"2026-03-30T10:59:51.518845","_validation":{"fieldsValidated":1,"lastValidatedAt":"2026-04-20T00:54:59.294799+00:00","fieldsConflicting":0,"overallConfidence":0.95},"biosimilars":[],"competitors":[{"drugName":"propafenone","drugSlug":"propafenone","fdaApproval":"1989-11-27","genericCount":15,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"flecainide","drugSlug":"flecainide","fdaApproval":"1985-10-31","genericCount":8,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic 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hours","clearance":"13.0 mL/min/kg","bioavailability":"27%","fractionUnbound":"0.26%","volumeOfDistribution":"2.2 L/kg"},"publicationCount":377,"therapeuticAreas":["Cardiovascular"],"atcClassification":{"source":"DrugCentral","atcCode":"C01BC08","allCodes":["C01BC08"]},"biosimilarFilings":[],"recentPublications":[{"date":"2025 Sep","pmid":"40289259","title":"Propafenone- vs. amiodarone-associated adverse cardiac outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation and heart failure.","journal":"British journal of clinical pharmacology"},{"date":"2024 Jul 21","pmid":"39063213","title":"Advancing Cardiovascular Drug Screening Using Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes.","journal":"International journal of molecular sciences"},{"date":"2023 Jul 1","pmid":"37386837","title":"Encainide, a class Ic anti-arrhythmic agent, blocks voltage-dependent potassium channels in coronary artery smooth muscle cells.","journal":"The Korean journal of physiology & pharmacology : official journal of 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