{"id":"doxercalciferol","rwe":[],"_fda":{"id":"861e8a97-2618-40cd-b2bd-6b21cd9a38db","set_id":"2ed2f592-27a7-4c10-a18a-21a3f221d3b1","openfda":{"nui":["M0007651","N0000175907"],"unii":["3DIZ9LF5Y9"],"route":["ORAL"],"rxcui":["310023","406503","858262"],"spl_id":["861e8a97-2618-40cd-b2bd-6b21cd9a38db"],"brand_name":["Doxercalciferol"],"spl_set_id":["2ed2f592-27a7-4c10-a18a-21a3f221d3b1"],"package_ndc":["23155-538-25","23155-539-25","23155-540-25"],"product_ndc":["23155-538","23155-539","23155-540"],"generic_name":["DOXERCALCIFEROL"],"product_type":["HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG"],"pharm_class_cs":["Ergocalciferols [CS]"],"substance_name":["DOXERCALCIFEROL"],"pharm_class_epc":["Vitamin D2 Analog [EPC]"],"manufacturer_name":["Heritage Pharmaceuticals Inc. d/b/a Avet Pharmaceuticals Inc."],"application_number":["ANDA205360"],"is_original_packager":[true]},"version":"6","pregnancy":["8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary The limited available data with doxercalciferol in pregnant women are insufficient to identify a drug-associated risk for major birth defects, miscarriage or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes. There are risks to the mother and fetus associated with chronic kidney disease in pregnancy [see Clinical Considerations] . In reproduction studies in rats and rabbits administered doxercalciferol during organogenesis at up to 20 mcg/kg/day and 0.1 mcg/kg/day, respectively (approximately 25 times (rats) and less than (rabbits) the maximum recommended human oral dose of 60 mcg/week based on mcg/m 2 body surface area), no adverse developmental effects were observed [see Data] . The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively. Clinical Considerations Disease-associated maternal and/or embryo/fetal risk Chronic kidney disease in pregnancy increases the risk for maternal hypertension and preeclampsia, miscarriage, preterm delivery polyhydramnios, stillbirth, and low-birth-weight infants. Data Animal data There were no adverse effects on fetal development when doxercalciferol was administered at doses up to 20 mcg/kg/day in pregnant rats or doses up to 0.1 mcg/kg/day in pregnant rabbits during the period of organogenesis."],"overdosage":["10 OVERDOSAGE Overdosage of doxercalciferol may lead to hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, and hyperphosphatemia [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )] . The treatment of acute overdosage should consist of supportive measures and discontinuation of doxercalciferol administration. Serum calcium levels should be measured until normal. Based on similarities between doxercalciferol and its active metabolite, 1α,25-(OH) 2 D 2 , it is expected that doxercalciferol is not removed from the blood by dialysis."],"description":["11 DESCRIPTION Doxercalciferol Capsules contains doxercalciferol, which is a synthetic vitamin D 2 analog. Doxercalciferol undergoes metabolic activation in vivo to form 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 2 (1α,25-(OH) 2 D 2 ), a naturally occurring, biologically active form of vitamin D 2 . Doxercalciferol is a colorless crystalline compound with a calculated molecular weight of 412.66 and a molecular formula of C 28 H 44 O 2 . It is soluble in oils and organic solvents, but is relatively insoluble in water. Chemically, doxercalciferol is (1α,3β,5Z,7E,22E)-9,10-secoergosta-5,7,10(19),22-tetraene-1,3-diol. The structural formula is: Doxercalciferol capsules are soft gelatin capsules containing 0.5 mcg, 1 mcg, or 2.5 mcg doxercalciferol for oral use. Each capsule also contains butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), ethanol, and medium-chain triglycerides. The capsule shells contain gelatin, glycerin, iron oxide black and titanium dioxide. In addition, the 0.5 mcg capsule shells contain shellac glaze, the 1 mcg capsule shells contain FD&C Blue No. 1, FD&C Yellow No. 6, shellac and the 2.5 mcg capsule shells contain FD&C Red No. 40 and shellac. structural-formula"],"how_supplied":["16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING How Supplied Doxercalciferol capsules are oval, soft gelatin capsules supplied as follows. Strength Capsule Color Imprint Code Package Size NDC 0.5 mcg White, Opaque HP 538 Bottle of 50 capsules 23155-538-25 1 mcg Beige, Opaque HP 539 Bottle of 50 capsules 23155-539-25 2.5 mcg Red, Opaque HP 540 Bottle of 50 capsules 23155-540-25 Storage and Handling Store at 25°C (77°F); excursions permitted to 15° to 30°C (59° to 86°F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature.]"],"geriatric_use":["8.5 Geriatric Use Clinical studies of doxercalciferol did not include sufficient numbers of patients 65 years or over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy."],"pediatric_use":["8.4 Pediatric Use The safety and efficacy of doxercalciferol have not been established for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in pediatric patients with Stage 3 or Stage 4 chronic kidney disease (CKD) and with CKD on dialysis. Effectiveness was not demonstrated in a 12-week randomized, open-label trial in fourteen doxercalciferol-treated patients, aged 5 to 17 years with chronic kidney disease (not on dialysis) and secondary hyperparathyroidism."],"effective_time":"20260225","clinical_studies":["14 CLINICAL STUDIES 14.1 Clinical Studies of Doxercalciferol Capsules in Patients with Stage 3 or 4 CKD The safety and effectiveness of doxercalciferol capsules were evaluated in two clinical studies in 55 patients with Stage 3 or 4 CKD. Eighty-two percent of the patients were male, the average age was 65 years, 51% were Caucasian, 40% African-American, and the average serum intact PTH level at baseline was 195 pg/mL. While levels of 25-(OH) vitamin D were not evaluated at baseline, retrospective assessments of stored serum revealed that the mean ± SD serum 25-(OH) vitamin D was 19 ± 8 ng/mL (range: <5 to 54 ng/mL) in the study population. After randomization to two groups, eligible patients underwent an 8-week washout period during which no vitamin D derivatives were administered to either group. Subsequently, one group received doxercalciferol capsules and the other placebo during the double-blind period of 24 weeks. The initial dose of doxercalciferol capsules was 1 mcg per day. The dosage of doxercalciferol capsules was adjusted as necessary by the investigator to reduce intact PTH levels to a target of ≥30% below postwashout baseline. The maximum dosage was limited to 3.5 mcg per day. If at any time during the trial intact PTH fell below 15 pg/mL, doxercalciferol capsules were immediately suspended and restarted at a lower dosage the following week. Decreases in the mean plasma intact PTH from baseline values were calculated using as baseline the average of the last 2 values obtained during the 8-week washout phase. In analyses of pooled data from the two studies, intact PTH levels decreased from baseline by an average of 101 pg/mL in the doxercalciferol capsules group and by 4 pg/mL in the placebo group (p<0.001). Twenty (74%) of 27 subjects in the doxercalciferol capsules group achieved mean plasma intact PTH suppression of ≥30% from baseline for the last four weeks of treatment, whereas two (7%) of the 28 subjects treated with placebo achieved this level of intact PTH suppression. 14.2 Clinical Studies of Doxercalciferol Capsules in Patients with CKD on Dialysis The safety and effectiveness of doxercalciferol capsules were evaluated in two double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical studies (Study A and Study B) in a total of 138 patients with CKD on hemodialysis. Patients in Study A were an average age of 52 years (range: 22 to 75), were 55% male, and were 58% African-American, 31% Caucasian, and 11% Hispanic, and had been on hemodialysis for an average of 53 months. Patients in Study B were an average of 52 years (range: 27 to 75), were 45% male, and 99% African-American, and 1% Caucasian, and had been on hemodialysis for an average of 56 months. After randomization to two groups, eligible patients underwent an 8-week washout period during which no vitamin D derivatives were administered to either group. Subsequently, all patients received doxercalciferol capsules in an open-label fashion for 16 weeks followed by a double-blind period of 8 weeks during which patients received either doxercalciferol capsules or placebo. The initial dose of doxercalciferol capsules during the open-label phase was 10 mcg after each dialysis session (3 times weekly) for a total of 30 mcg per week. The dosage of doxercalciferol was adjusted as necessary by the investigator to achieve intact PTH levels within 150 pg/mL to 300 pg/mL. The maximum dosage was limited to 20 mcg after each dialysis session (60 mcg/week). If at any time during the trial intact PTH fell below 150 pg/mL, doxercalciferol was immediately suspended and restarted at a lower dosage the following week. Mean weekly doses during the 16-week open-label period ranged from 15 mcg to 29 mcg in Study A and from 19 mcg to 28 mcg in Study B. One hundred and six (77%) of the 138 patients who were treated with doxercalciferol capsules during the 16-week open-label phase achieved intact PTH levels ≤300 pg/mL. Ninety-four (68%) of these patients exhibited plasma intact PTH levels ≤300 pg/mL on at least 3 occasions. Eighty-seven (63%) patients had plasma intact PTH levels <150 pg/mL on at least one occasion during the open-label phase of study participation. Decreases in plasma intact PTH from baseline values were calculated using as baseline the average of the last 3 values obtained during the 8-week washout phase and are displayed in Table 5. Table 5: Intact PTH Summary Data for Patients with CKD on Dialysis Receiving Doxercalciferol Capsules in Studies A and B * All subjects; last value carried to discontinuation. NA = not applicable Intact PTH (pg/mL) means ± SD (n)* p-value vs Baseline p-value vs Placebo Doxercalciferol Capsules Placebo Study A Baseline 797.2 ± 443.8 (30) NA 0.97 847.1 ± 765.5 (32) – – Week 16 (open-label) 384.3 ± 397.8 (24) <0.001 0.72 526.5 ± 872.2 (29) <0.001 – Week 24 (double-blind) 404.4 ± 262.9 (21) <0.001 0.008 672.6 ± 356.9 (24) 0.70 – Study B Baseline 973.9 ± 567.0 (41) NA 0.81 990.4 ± 488.3 (35) – – Week 16 (open-label) 476.1 ± 444.5 (37) <0.001 0.91 485.9 ± 443.4 (32) <0.001 – Week 24 (double-blind) 459.8 ± 443.0 (35) <0.001 <0.001 871.9 ± 623.6 (30) <0.065 – Doxercalciferol capsules treatment resulted in a statistically significant reduction from baseline in mean intact PTH levels during the 16-week open-label treatment period in more than 94% of the 138 treated patients. During the double-blind period (weeks 17 to 24), the reduction in mean intact PTH levels was maintained in the doxercalciferol capsules treatment group compared to a return to near baseline in the placebo group."],"pharmacokinetics":["12.3 Pharmacokinetics Absorption In healthy volunteers, peak blood levels of 1α,25-(OH) 2 D 2 , the major metabolite of doxercalciferol, are attained at 8 hours after a single intravenous dose of doxercalciferol and at 11 to 12 hours following capsule doses. Elimination The mean elimination half-life of 1α,25-(OH) 2 D 2 after an oral dose is approximately 32 to 37 hours with a range of up to 96 hours. Metabolism Doxercalciferol is activated by CYP 27 in the liver to form 1α,25-(OH) 2 D 2 (major metabolite) and 1α,24-dihydroxyvitamin D 2 (minor metabolite). Activation of doxercalciferol does not require the involvement of the kidneys. Specific Populations Patients with renal impairment The mean elimination half-life of 1α,25-(OH) 2 D 2 in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and in healthy volunteers appears to be similar following an oral dose. Hemodialysis causes a temporary increase in 1α,25- (OH) 2 D 2 mean concentrations, presumably due to volume contraction. 1α,25-(OH) 2 D 2 is not removed from blood during hemodialysis."],"adverse_reactions":["6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The following adverse reactions are discussed in greater detail in another section of the label: Hypercalcemia [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )] Serious Hypersensitivity Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 )] Adynamic Bone Disease [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4 )] The most common adverse reactions in patients with Stage 3 or 4 CKD (incidence >5%) were infection, urinary tract infection, chest pain, angina pectoris, constipation, dyspepsia, anemia, leukopenia, dehydration, edema, depression, hypertonia, insomnia, asthenia, paresthesia, cough increased, dyspnea, pruritus, sinusitis, and rhinitis. ( 6.1 ) The most common adverse reactions in patients with CKD on dialysis (incidence >5%) were headache, malaise, edema, nausea/vomiting, dyspnea, dizziness, pruritus, and bradycardia. ( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Avet Pharmaceuticals Inc. at 1-866-901-DRUG (3784) or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. Adverse reactions in patients with stage 3 or 4 CKD Doxercalciferol capsules have been evaluated in two placebo-controlled, double-blind 24 week studies in patients with Stage 3 or 4 CKD. Patients were treated with doxercalciferol capsules (n=27) or placebo (n=28) [see Clinical Studies ( 14.1 )] . Adverse reactions occurring in the doxercalciferol capsules group at a frequency of 5% or greater and more frequently than in the placebo group are presented in Table 1. Table 1: Adverse Reactions Occurring in ≥5% Doxercalciferol Capsule-Treated Patients with CKD on Predialysis and Greater than Placebo in Two Double-Blind Clinical Studies Adverse Reaction Pooled data on adverse reactions from clinical study reports (Studies BCI-CH-115 and BCI-CH-119). Doxercalciferol (n=27) % Placebo (n=28) % Infection/bacterial infection/viral infection 30 25 Constipation 26 11 Rhinitis 22 11 Anemia 19 4 Cough 19 4 Dyspnea 19 11 Paresthesia 15 11 Asthenia 15 11 Insomnia 15 4 Hypertonia 11 4 Angina pectoris 8 0 Dehydration 7 4 Depression 7 0 Dyspepsia 7 4 Edema 7 4 Urinary tract infection 7 4 Leukopenia 7 0 Chest pain 7 4 Pruritus 7 4 Sinusitis 7 4 Adverse reactions in patients with CKD on dialysis Doxercalciferol capsules have been evaluated in two placebo-controlled, double-blind studies in patients with CKD on hemodialysis. Patients were treated with doxercalciferol capsules (n=61) or placebo (n=61) [see Clinical Studies ( 14.2 )] . After randomization to two groups, eligible patients underwent an 8-week washout period during which no vitamin D derivatives were administered to either group. Subsequently, all patients received doxercalciferol capsules in an open-label fashion for 16 weeks followed by a double-blind period of 8 weeks during which patients received either doxercalciferol capsules or placebo. Adverse reactions occurring in the doxercalciferol capsule groups at a frequency of 2% or greater, and more frequently than in the placebo group, are presented in Table 2. Table 2: Adverse Reactions Occurring in ≥2% Doxercalciferol Capsule-Treated Patients with CKD on Dialysis and Greater than Placebo in Two Double-Blind Clinical Studies Adverse Reaction A patient who reported the same medical term more than once was counted only once for that medical term. Doxercalciferol (n=61) % Placebo (n=61) % Edema 34 21 Malaise 28 20 Headache 28 18 Nausea/Vomiting 21 20 Dizziness 12 10 Dyspnea 12 7 Pruritus 8 7 Bradycardia 7 5 Anorexia 5 3 Dyspepsia 5 2 Arthralgia 5 0 Weight increase 5 0 Abscess 3 0 Sleep disorder 3 0 6.2 Postmarketing Experience The following adverse reactions have been identified during postapproval use of doxercalciferol. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to estimate their frequency or to establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. Hypersensitivity reactions include anaphylaxis with symptoms of angioedema (involving face, lips, tongue and airways), hypotension, unresponsiveness, chest discomfort, shortness of breath, cardiopulmonary arrest, pruritus, and skin burning sensation."],"contraindications":["4 CONTRAINDICATIONS Doxercalciferol is contraindicated in patients with: Hypercalcemia [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )] Vitamin D toxicity [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )] Known hypersensitivity to doxercalciferol or any of the inactive ingredients of doxercalciferol capsules; serious hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylaxis and angioedema have been reported [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 ), Adverse Reactions ( 6.2 )]. Hypercalcemia ( 4 ) Vitamin D toxicity ( 4 ) Know hypersensitivity to doxercalciferol or any of the inactive ingredients of doxercalciferol capsules ( 4 )"],"drug_interactions":["7 DRUG INTERACTIONS Tables 3 and 4 include clinically significant drug interactions with doxercalciferol. Table 3: Clinically Significant Drug Interactions with Doxercalciferol Capsules Drugs that May Increase the Risk of Hypercalcemia Clinical Impact Concomitant administration of high doses of calcium-containing preparations or other vitamin D compounds may increase the risk of hypercalcemia. Thiazide diuretics are known to induce hypercalcemia by reducing excretion of calcium in the urine. Examples Calcium-containing products, other vitamin D compounds or thiazide diuretics Intervention Monitor serum calcium concentrations more frequently and adjust doxercalciferol dose as needed [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )]. Digitalis Compounds Clinical Impact Doxercalciferol can cause hypercalcemia which can potentiate the risk of digitalis toxicity. Intervention Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of digitalis toxicity and increase frequency of serum calcium monitoring when initiating or adjusting the dose of doxercalciferol in patients receiving digitalis compounds [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )]. Cytochrome P450 Inhibitors Clinical Impact Doxercalciferol is activated by CYP 27 in the liver. Cytochrome P450 inhibitors may inhibit the 25-hydroxylation of doxercalciferol and thus reduce the formation of active doxercalciferol moiety [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 )]. Examples Ketoconazole and erythromycin Intervention If a patient initiates or discontinues therapy with a cytochrome P450 inhibitor, dose adjustment of doxercalciferol may be necessary. Monitor intact PTH and serum calcium concentrations closely. Enzyme Inducers Clinical Impact Doxercalciferol is activated by CYP 27 in the liver. Enzyme inducers may affect the 25-hydroxylation of doxercalciferol [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 )]. Examples Glutethimide and phenobarbital Intervention If a patient initiates or discontinues therapy with an enzyme inducer, dose adjustment of doxercalciferol may be necessary. Monitor intact PTH and serum calcium concentrations closely. Magnesium-containing Products Clinical Impact Concomitant administration of doxercalciferol and high doses of magnesium-containing products may increase the risk of hypermagnesemia. Examples Magnesium-containing products such as antacids Intervention Avoid use of magnesium-containing products and doxercalciferol in patients on chronic renal dialysis. Table 4: Clinically Significant Drug Interactions with Doxercalciferol Capsules Cholestyramine Clinical Impact Cholestyramine has been reported to reduce intestinal absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. Therefore, it may impair intestinal absorption of doxercalciferol capsules. Intervention Administer doxercalciferol capsules at least 1 hour before or 4 to 6 hours after taking cholestyramine. Mineral Oil or other Substances that May Affect Absorption of Fat Clinical Impact The use of mineral oil or other substances that may affect absorption of fat may influence the absorption and availability of doxercalciferol. Intervention Administer doxercalciferol capsules at least 1 hour before or 4 to 6 hours after taking mineral oil or other substances that may affect absorption of fat. Cytochrome P450 inhibitors: Formation of the active doxercalciferol moiety may be hindered and may necessitate dosage adjustment. Monitor intact PTH and serum calcium concentrations closely. ( 7 ) Enzyme inducers: Formation of the active doxercalciferol moiety may be affected and may necessitate dosage adjustment. Monitor intact PTH and serum calcium concentrations closely. ( 7 ) Magnesium-containing products: Combined use may cause hypermagnesemia. Monitor serum magnesium concentrations more frequently and adjust dose as needed. ( 7 ) Cholestyramine: May impair absorption of doxercalciferol capsules. Administer doxercalciferol capsules at least 1 hour before or 4 to 6 hours after taking cholestyramine. ( 7 ) Mineral oil or other substances that may affect absorption of fat: May impair absorption of doxercalciferol capsules. Administer doxercalciferol capsules at least 1 hour before or 4 to 6 hours after taking substances that may affect absorption."],"how_supplied_table":["
Strength Capsule Color Imprint Code Package Size NDC
0.5 mcgWhite, OpaqueHP 538Bottle of 50 capsules23155-538-25
1 mcgBeige, OpaqueHP 539Bottle of 50 capsules23155-539-25
2.5 mcgRed, OpaqueHP 540Bottle of 50 capsules23155-540-25
"],"mechanism_of_action":["12.1 Mechanism of Action Doxercalciferol is a synthetic vitamin D 2 analog that requires metabolic activation to form the active 1α,25-(OH) 2 D 2 metabolite, which binds to the vitamin D receptor (VDR) to result in the selective activation of vitamin D responsive pathways. Vitamin D and doxercalciferol have been shown to reduce PTH levels by inhibiting PTH synthesis and secretion."],"clinical_pharmacology":["12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 12.1 Mechanism of Action Doxercalciferol is a synthetic vitamin D 2 analog that requires metabolic activation to form the active 1α,25-(OH) 2 D 2 metabolite, which binds to the vitamin D receptor (VDR) to result in the selective activation of vitamin D responsive pathways. Vitamin D and doxercalciferol have been shown to reduce PTH levels by inhibiting PTH synthesis and secretion. 12.3 Pharmacokinetics Absorption In healthy volunteers, peak blood levels of 1α,25-(OH) 2 D 2 , the major metabolite of doxercalciferol, are attained at 8 hours after a single intravenous dose of doxercalciferol and at 11 to 12 hours following capsule doses. Elimination The mean elimination half-life of 1α,25-(OH) 2 D 2 after an oral dose is approximately 32 to 37 hours with a range of up to 96 hours. Metabolism Doxercalciferol is activated by CYP 27 in the liver to form 1α,25-(OH) 2 D 2 (major metabolite) and 1α,24-dihydroxyvitamin D 2 (minor metabolite). Activation of doxercalciferol does not require the involvement of the kidneys. Specific Populations Patients with renal impairment The mean elimination half-life of 1α,25-(OH) 2 D 2 in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and in healthy volunteers appears to be similar following an oral dose. Hemodialysis causes a temporary increase in 1α,25- (OH) 2 D 2 mean concentrations, presumably due to volume contraction. 1α,25-(OH) 2 D 2 is not removed from blood during hemodialysis."],"indications_and_usage":["1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Doxercalciferol capsules are indicated for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in adult patients with Stage 3 or Stage 4 chronic kidney disease (CKD) and adult patients with CKD on dialysis. Doxercalciferol Capsules is a synthetic vitamin D 2 analog: Doxercalciferol capsules are indicated for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in adult patients with Stage 3 or Stage 4 chronic kidney disease (CKD) and adult patients with CKD on dialysis. ( 1 )"],"warnings_and_cautions":["5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Hypercalcemia: Can occur during treatment with doxercalciferol and can lead to cardiac arrhythmias and seizures. Severe hypercalcemia may require emergency attention. Risk may be increased when used concomitantly with high dose calcium preparations, thiazide diuretics, or vitamin D compounds. Monitor serum calcium prior to initiation and during treatment and adjust dose accordingly. ( 2 , 5.1 ) Digitalis Toxicity: Hypercalcemia increases the risk of digitalis toxicity. In patients using digitalis compounds, monitor serum calcium and patients for signs and symptoms of digitalis toxicity. Increase frequency of monitoring when initiating or adjusting the dose of doxercalciferol. ( 5.2 ) Serious Hypersensitivity Reactions: Anaphylaxis, with symptoms of angioedema, hypotension, unresponsiveness, chest discomfort, shortness of breath, and cardiopulmonary arrest, has been reported in hemodialysis patients after administration of doxercalciferol. Monitor patients upon treatment initiation for hypersensitivity reactions. Should a reaction occur, discontinue and treat. ( 5.3 ) Adynamic Bone Disease: May develop and increase risk of fractures if intact PTH levels are suppressed to abnormally low levels. Monitor intact PTH levels to avoid oversuppression and adjust dose if needed. ( 5.4 ) 5.1 Hypercalcemia Hypercalcemia may occur during doxercalciferol treatment. Acute hypercalcemia may increase the risk of cardiac arrhythmias and seizures and may potentiate the effect of digitalis on the heart [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 )] . Chronic hypercalcemia can lead to generalized vascular calcification and other soft-tissue calcification. Severe hypercalcemia may require emergency attention. Hypercalcemia may be exacerbated by concomitant administration of high doses of calcium-containing preparations, thiazide diuretics, or other vitamin D compounds [see Drug Interactions ( 7 )]. In addition, high intake of calcium and phosphate concomitantly with vitamin D compounds may lead to hypercalciuria and hyperphosphatemia. Patients with a history of hypercalcemia prior to initiating therapy may be at increased risk for development of hypercalcemia with doxercalciferol. In these circumstances, frequent serum calcium monitoring and doxercalciferol dose adjustments may be required. When initiating doxercalciferol or adjusting doxercalciferol dose, measure serum calcium frequently (weekly in patients with CKD on dialysis or every 2 weeks for patients with stage 3 or 4 CKD). Once a maintenance dose has been established, measure serum calcium monthly for 3 months and then every 3 months . If hypercalcemia occurs, reduce the dose or discontinue doxercalciferol until serum calcium is normal [see Dosage and Administration ( 2 )] . Inform patients about the symptoms of elevated calcium (feeling tired, difficulty thinking clearly, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, constipation, increased thirst, increased urination and weight loss) and instruct them to report new or worsening symptoms when they occur. 5.2 Digitalis Toxicity Doxercalciferol can cause hypercalcemia [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )] which increases the risk of digitalis toxicity. In patients using doxercalciferol concomitantly with digitalis compounds, monitor both serum calcium and patients for signs and symptoms of digitalis toxicity. Increase the frequency of monitoring when initiating or adjusting the dose of doxercalciferol [see Drug Interactions ( 7 )]. 5.3 Serious Hypersensitivity Reactions Hypersensitivity reactions include anaphylaxis with symptoms of angioedema (involving face, lips, tongue and airways), hypotension, unresponsiveness, chest discomfort, shortness of breath, and cardiopulmonary arrest. These reactions may occur separately or together. Monitor patients receiving doxercalciferol upon initiation of treatment for hypersensitivity reactions. Should a hypersensitivity reaction occur, discontinue doxercalciferol, monitor and treat if indicated [see Contraindications ( 4 )]. 5.4 Adynamic Bone Disease Adynamic bone disease with subsequent increased risk of fractures may develop if intact PTH levels are suppressed by doxercalciferol to abnormally low levels. Monitor intact PTH levels to avoid oversuppression and adjust the doxercalciferol dose, if needed [see Dosage and Administration ( 2 )]."],"clinical_studies_table":["
Table 5: Intact PTH Summary Data for Patients with CKD on Dialysis Receiving Doxercalciferol Capsules in Studies A and B
* All subjects; last value carried to discontinuation.
NA = not applicable
Intact PTH (pg/mL)
means ± SD (n)* p-value vs Baseline p-value vs Placebo
Doxercalciferol Capsules Placebo
Study ABaseline797.2 ± 443.8 (30) NA 0.97847.1 ± 765.5 (32) – –
Week 16 (open-label)384.3 ± 397.8 (24) <0.001 0.72526.5 ± 872.2 (29) <0.001 –
Week 24 (double-blind)404.4 ± 262.9 (21) <0.001 0.008672.6 ± 356.9 (24) 0.70 –
Study BBaseline973.9 ± 567.0 (41) NA 0.81990.4 ± 488.3 (35) – –
Week 16 (open-label)476.1 ± 444.5 (37) <0.001 0.91485.9 ± 443.4 (32) <0.001 –
Week 24 (double-blind)459.8 ± 443.0 (35) <0.001 <0.001871.9 ± 623.6 (30) <0.065 –
"],"nonclinical_toxicology":["13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY 13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility In a 104-week carcinogenicity study in rats, there was an increased incidence of benign and malignant adrenal pheochromocytomas in both males and females at oral doses of 0.04, 0.13, and 0.39 mcg/kg/day (less than the maximum recommended human oral dose of 60 mcg/week based on mcg/m 2 body surface area). This increased incidence of pheochromocytomas in rats may be due to altered calcium homeostasis by doxercalciferol. No evidence of genetic toxicity was observed in an in vitro bacterial mutagenicity assay (Ames test) or a mouse lymphoma gene mutation assay. Doxercalciferol caused structural chromatid and chromosome aberrations in an in vitro human lymphocyte clastogenicity assay with metabolic activation. However, doxercalciferol was negative in an in vivo mouse micronucleus clastogenicity assay. Doxercalciferol had no effect on male or female fertility in rats at oral doses up to 2.5 mcg/kg/day (approximately 3 times the maximum recommended human oral dose of 60 mcg/week based on mcg/m 2 body surface area)."],"adverse_reactions_table":["
Table 1: Adverse Reactions Occurring in ≥5% Doxercalciferol Capsule-Treated Patients with CKD on Predialysis and Greater than Placebo in Two Double-Blind Clinical Studies
Adverse ReactionPooled data on adverse reactions from clinical study reports (Studies BCI-CH-115 and BCI-CH-119). Doxercalciferol (n=27) % Placebo (n=28) %
Infection/bacterial infection/viral infection3025
Constipation2611
Rhinitis2211
Anemia194
Cough194
Dyspnea1911
Paresthesia1511
Asthenia1511
Insomnia154
Hypertonia114
Angina pectoris80
Dehydration74
Depression70
Dyspepsia74
Edema74
Urinary tract infection74
Leukopenia70
Chest pain74
Pruritus74
Sinusitis74
","
Table 2: Adverse Reactions Occurring in ≥2% Doxercalciferol Capsule-Treated Patients with CKD on Dialysis and Greater than Placebo in Two Double-Blind Clinical Studies
Adverse ReactionA patient who reported the same medical term more than once was counted only once for that medical term. Doxercalciferol (n=61) % Placebo (n=61) %
Edema3421
Malaise2820
Headache2818
Nausea/Vomiting2120
Dizziness1210
Dyspnea127
Pruritus87
Bradycardia75
Anorexia53
Dyspepsia52
Arthralgia50
Weight increase50
Abscess30
Sleep disorder30
"],"drug_interactions_table":["
Table 3: Clinically Significant Drug Interactions with Doxercalciferol Capsules
Drugs that May Increase the Risk of Hypercalcemia
Clinical Impact Concomitant administration of high doses of calcium-containing preparations or other vitamin D compounds may increase the risk of hypercalcemia. Thiazide diuretics are known to induce hypercalcemia by reducing excretion of calcium in the urine.
Examples Calcium-containing products, other vitamin D compounds or thiazide diuretics
Intervention Monitor serum calcium concentrations more frequently and adjust doxercalciferol dose as needed [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].
Digitalis Compounds
Clinical Impact Doxercalciferol can cause hypercalcemia which can potentiate the risk of digitalis toxicity.
Intervention Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of digitalis toxicity and increase frequency of serum calcium monitoring when initiating or adjusting the dose of doxercalciferol in patients receiving digitalis compounds [see Warnings andPrecautions (5.2)].
Cytochrome P450 Inhibitors
Clinical Impact Doxercalciferol is activated by CYP 27 in the liver. Cytochrome P450 inhibitors may inhibit the 25-hydroxylation of doxercalciferol and thus reduce the formation of active doxercalciferol moiety [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
Examples Ketoconazole and erythromycin
Intervention If a patient initiates or discontinues therapy with a cytochrome P450 inhibitor, dose adjustment of doxercalciferol may be necessary. Monitor intact PTH and serum calcium concentrations closely.
Enzyme Inducers
Clinical Impact Doxercalciferol is activated by CYP 27 in the liver. Enzyme inducers may affect the 25-hydroxylation of doxercalciferol [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
Examples Glutethimide and phenobarbital
Intervention If a patient initiates or discontinues therapy with an enzyme inducer, dose adjustment of doxercalciferol may be necessary. Monitor intact PTH and serum calcium concentrations closely.
Magnesium-containing Products
Clinical Impact Concomitant administration of doxercalciferol and high doses of magnesium-containing products may increase the risk of hypermagnesemia.
Examples Magnesium-containing products such as antacids
Intervention Avoid use of magnesium-containing products and doxercalciferol in patients on chronic renal dialysis.
","
Table 4: Clinically Significant Drug Interactions with Doxercalciferol Capsules
Cholestyramine
Clinical Impact Cholestyramine has been reported to reduce intestinal absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. Therefore, it may impair intestinal absorption of doxercalciferol capsules.
Intervention Administer doxercalciferol capsules at least 1 hour before or 4 to 6 hours after taking cholestyramine.
Mineral Oil or other Substances that May Affect Absorption of Fat
Clinical Impact The use of mineral oil or other substances that may affect absorption of fat may influence the absorption and availability of doxercalciferol.
Intervention Administer doxercalciferol capsules at least 1 hour before or 4 to 6 hours after taking mineral oil or other substances that may affect absorption of fat.
"],"information_for_patients":["17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION Hypercalcemia Advise patients to contact a health care provider if they develop symptoms of elevated calcium (e.g., feeling tired, difficulty thinking clearly, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, constipation, increased thirst, increased urination and weight loss) [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )] . Hypersensitivity Inform patients that hypersensitivity reactions can occur with doxercalciferol [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.3 )] . Monitoring Inform patients that they will need routine monitoring of laboratory parameters such as calcium and intact PTH while receiving doxercalciferol. Inform patients that more frequent monitoring is necessary during the initiation of therapy, following dose changes or when potentially interacting medications are started or discontinued [see Dosage and Administration ( 2 ), Drug Interactions ( 7 )] . Drug Interactions Advise patients to inform their physician of all medications, including prescription and nonprescription drugs, and supplements they are taking. Advise patients to also inform their physician that they are receiving doxercalciferol if a new medication is prescribed [see Drug Interactions ( 7 )] . Distributed by: Avet Pharmaceuticals Inc. East Brunswick, NJ 08816 1.866.901.DRUG (3784) 51U000000118US05 Revised: 01/2026 avet-logo"],"dosage_and_administration":["2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Before initiating treatment, ensure serum calcium is not above the upper limit of normal. ( 2.1 ) Dosage for doxercalciferol capsules in patients with: Stage 3 or 4 CKD: Initiate dosing at 1 mcg orally once daily. Maximum dose is 3.5 mcg once daily. ( 2.2 ) CKD on dialysis: Initiate dosing at 10 mcg orally three times weekly at dialysis (no more frequently than every other day). Maximum dose is 20 mcg three times weekly for a total of 60 mcg weekly. ( 2.3 ) Target the maintenance dose of doxercalciferol to intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels within the desired therapeutic range and serum calcium within normal limits. ( 2 ) See Full Prescribing Information for dose titration, laboratory monitoring, and important administration instructions. ( 2 ) 2.1 Prior to Initiation of Doxercalciferol Capsules Ensure serum calcium is not above the upper limit of normal before initiating treatment with doxercalciferol capsules [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )]. 2.2 Dosage Recommendations for Doxercalciferol Capsules in Patients with Stage 3 or 4 CKD Initiate doxercalciferol capsules at a dose of 1 mcg orally once daily. Target the maintenance dose of doxercalciferol to intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels within the desired therapeutic range and serum calcium within normal limits. Monitor serum calcium, phosphorus, and intact PTH levels at least every two weeks for 3 months after initiation of therapy or dose adjustment, then monthly for 3 months, and every 3 months thereafter. Titrate the dose of doxercalciferol capsules based on intact PTH. The dose may be increased at 2-week intervals by 0.5 mcg to achieve the desired therapeutic range of intact PTH. The maximum recommended dose of doxercalciferol capsules is 3.5 mcg administered once daily. Prior to raising the dose, ensure serum calcium is within normal limits. Suspend or decrease the dose if intact PTH is persistently and abnormally low to reduce the risk of adynamic bone disease [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4 )] or if serum calcium is consistently above the normal range to reduce the risk of hypercalcemia [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )]. If suspended, the drug should be restarted after one week at a dose that is at least 0.5 mcg lower. 2.3 Dosage Recommendations for Doxercalciferol Capsules in Patients with CKD on Dialysis Initiate doxercalciferol capsules at a dose of 10 mcg orally administered three times weekly at dialysis (no more frequently than every other day). Target the maintenance dose of doxercalciferol to intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels within the desired therapeutic range and serum calcium within normal limits. Monitor serum calcium, phosphorus, and intact PTH levels frequently (e.g., weekly) after initiation of therapy or dose adjustment. Titrate the dose of doxercalciferol capsules based on intact PTH. The dose may be increased at 8-week intervals by 2.5 mcg to achieve the desired therapeutic range of intact PTH. The maximum recommended dose of doxercalciferol is 20 mcg administered three times weekly at dialysis for a total dose of 60 mcg weekly. Prior to raising the dose, ensure serum calcium is within normal limits. Suspend or decrease the dose if intact PTH is persistently and abnormally low to reduce the risk of adynamic bone disease [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4 )] or if serum calcium is consistently above the normal range to reduce the risk of hypercalcemia [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )]. If suspended, the drug should be restarted one week later at a dose that is at least 2.5 mcg lower. 2.6 Drug Interactions that May Require Dosage Adjustments of Doxercalciferol Increased monitoring of serum calcium and dose adjustment of doxercalciferol may be necessary when given concomitantly with drugs that may increase the risk of hypercalcemia [see Drug Interactions ( 7 )]. Increased monitoring of both serum calcium and intact PTH as well as dose adjustment of doxercalciferol may be necessary when given concomitantly with cytochrome P450 inhibitors or enzyme inducers [see Drug Interactions ( 7 )]."],"spl_product_data_elements":["Doxercalciferol Doxercalciferol DOXERCALCIFEROL DOXERCALCIFEROL BUTYLATED HYDROXYANISOLE ALCOHOL MEDIUM-CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDES GELATIN GLYCERIN FERROSOFERRIC OXIDE SHELLAC TITANIUM DIOXIDE WHITE HP538 Doxercalciferol Doxercalciferol DOXERCALCIFEROL DOXERCALCIFEROL BUTYLATED HYDROXYANISOLE ALCOHOL MEDIUM-CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDES TITANIUM DIOXIDE FERROSOFERRIC OXIDE GLYCERIN GELATIN SHELLAC FD&C BLUE NO. 1 FD&C YELLOW NO. 6 BEIGE HP539 Doxercalciferol Doxercalciferol DOXERCALCIFEROL DOXERCALCIFEROL BUTYLATED HYDROXYANISOLE ALCOHOL MEDIUM-CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDES GELATIN GLYCERIN FERROSOFERRIC OXIDE SHELLAC TITANIUM DIOXIDE FD&C RED NO. 40 RED HP540"],"dosage_forms_and_strengths":["3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS 0.5 mcg – White, opaque, oval shaped soft gelatin capsules. Each capsule is imprinted with \"HP 538\" in black ink. 1 mcg – Beige, opaque, oval shaped soft gelatin capsules. Each capsule is imprinted with \"HP 539\" in black ink. 2.5 mcg – Red, opaque, oval shaped soft gelatin capsules. Each capsule is imprinted with \"HP 540\" in black ink. Capsules: 0.5 mcg, 1 mcg, and 2.5 mcg ( 3 )"],"use_in_specific_populations":["8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS 8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary The limited available data with doxercalciferol in pregnant women are insufficient to identify a drug-associated risk for major birth defects, miscarriage or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes. There are risks to the mother and fetus associated with chronic kidney disease in pregnancy [see Clinical Considerations] . In reproduction studies in rats and rabbits administered doxercalciferol during organogenesis at up to 20 mcg/kg/day and 0.1 mcg/kg/day, respectively (approximately 25 times (rats) and less than (rabbits) the maximum recommended human oral dose of 60 mcg/week based on mcg/m 2 body surface area), no adverse developmental effects were observed [see Data] . The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively. Clinical Considerations Disease-associated maternal and/or embryo/fetal risk Chronic kidney disease in pregnancy increases the risk for maternal hypertension and preeclampsia, miscarriage, preterm delivery polyhydramnios, stillbirth, and low-birth-weight infants. Data Animal data There were no adverse effects on fetal development when doxercalciferol was administered at doses up to 20 mcg/kg/day in pregnant rats or doses up to 0.1 mcg/kg/day in pregnant rabbits during the period of organogenesis. 8.2 Lactation Risk Summary There is no information available on the presence of doxercalciferol in human milk, the effects of the drug on the breastfed infant, or the effects of the drug on milk production. Infants exposed to doxercalciferol through breast milk should be monitored for signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia [see Clinical Considerations] . The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother's clinical need for doxercalciferol and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed child from doxercalciferol or from the underlying maternal condition. Clinical Considerations Monitoring of serum calcium in the infant should be considered. 8.4 Pediatric Use The safety and efficacy of doxercalciferol have not been established for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in pediatric patients with Stage 3 or Stage 4 chronic kidney disease (CKD) and with CKD on dialysis. Effectiveness was not demonstrated in a 12-week randomized, open-label trial in fourteen doxercalciferol-treated patients, aged 5 to 17 years with chronic kidney disease (not on dialysis) and secondary hyperparathyroidism. 8.5 Geriatric Use Clinical studies of doxercalciferol did not include sufficient numbers of patients 65 years or over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy. 8.6 Hepatic Impairment Patients with hepatic impairment may not metabolize doxercalciferol appropriately. More frequent monitoring of intact PTH, calcium, and phosphorus levels should be done in patients with hepatic impairment."],"package_label_principal_display_panel":["PACKAGE LABEL.PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL 0.5 mcg NDC 23155- 538 -25 Doxercalciferol Capsules 0.5 mcg 50 Capsules Rx only label-0.5-mcg-50-cap","PACKAGE LABEL.PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL 1 mcg NDC 23155- 539 -25 Doxercalciferol Capsules 1 mcg 50 Capsules Rx only label-1-mcg-50-cap","PACKAGE LABEL.PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL 2.5 mcg NDC 23155- 540 -25 Doxercalciferol Capsules 2.5 mcg 50 Capsules Rx only label-2.5-mcg-50-cap"],"carcinogenesis_and_mutagenesis_and_impairment_of_fertility":["13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility In a 104-week carcinogenicity study in rats, there was an increased incidence of benign and malignant adrenal pheochromocytomas in both males and females at oral doses of 0.04, 0.13, and 0.39 mcg/kg/day (less than the maximum recommended human oral dose of 60 mcg/week based on mcg/m 2 body surface area). This increased incidence of pheochromocytomas in rats may be due to altered calcium homeostasis by doxercalciferol. No evidence of genetic toxicity was observed in an in vitro bacterial mutagenicity assay (Ames test) or a mouse lymphoma gene mutation assay. Doxercalciferol caused structural chromatid and chromosome aberrations in an in vitro human lymphocyte clastogenicity assay with metabolic activation. However, doxercalciferol was negative in an in vivo mouse micronucleus clastogenicity assay. Doxercalciferol had no effect on male or female fertility in rats at oral doses up to 2.5 mcg/kg/day (approximately 3 times the maximum recommended human oral dose of 60 mcg/week based on mcg/m 2 body surface area)."]},"tags":[{"label":"Vitamin D2 Analog","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"Vitamin D3 receptor","category":"target"},{"label":"VDR","category":"gene"},{"label":"H05BX03","category":"atc"},{"label":"Oral","category":"route"},{"label":"Intravenous","category":"route"},{"label":"Capsule","category":"form"},{"label":"Injection","category":"form"},{"label":"Off-Patent","category":"patent"},{"label":"Generic Available","category":"availability"},{"label":"Established","category":"status"},{"label":"Hyperparathyroidism Secondary to Chronic Renal Failure with Dialysis","category":"indication"},{"label":"Sanofi","category":"company"},{"label":"Approved 1990s","category":"decade"},{"label":"Bone Density Conservation Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Micronutrients","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Vitamins","category":"pharmacology"}],"phase":"marketed","safety":{"boxedWarnings":[],"safetySignals":[{"llr":291.309,"date":"","count":173,"signal":"Drug hypersensitivity","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 173 times (LLR=291)"},{"llr":163.854,"date":"","count":133,"signal":"Pruritus","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 133 times (LLR=164)"},{"llr":105.481,"date":"","count":146,"signal":"Dyspnoea","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 146 times (LLR=105)"},{"llr":90.867,"date":"","count":27,"signal":"Peritonitis bacterial","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 27 times (LLR=91)"},{"llr":89.432,"date":"","count":42,"signal":"Unresponsive to stimuli","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 42 times (LLR=89)"},{"llr":87.44,"date":"","count":15,"signal":"Blood parathyroid hormone abnormal","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 15 times (LLR=87)"},{"llr":69.089,"date":"","count":43,"signal":"Flushing","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 43 times (LLR=69)"},{"llr":66.266,"date":"","count":70,"signal":"Hypersensitivity","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 70 times (LLR=66)"},{"llr":61.888,"date":"","count":15,"signal":"Peritoneal dialysis complication","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 15 times (LLR=62)"},{"llr":60.723,"date":"","count":34,"signal":"Feeling hot","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 34 times (LLR=61)"},{"llr":58.544,"date":"","count":98,"signal":"Vomiting","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 98 times (LLR=59)"},{"llr":57.948,"date":"","count":18,"signal":"Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 18 times (LLR=58)"},{"llr":53.497,"date":"","count":15,"signal":"Blood parathyroid hormone increased","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 15 times (LLR=53)"},{"llr":36.093,"date":"","count":49,"signal":"Chest pain","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 49 times (LLR=36)"},{"llr":35.325,"date":"","count":36,"signal":"Hyperhidrosis","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 36 times (LLR=35)"}],"commonSideEffects":[{"effect":"Weight increase","drugRate":"","severity":"common","_validated":false,"_confidence":0.3},{"effect":"Nausea/Vomiting","drugRate":"","severity":"serious","_validated":false,"_confidence":0.3},{"effect":"Malaise","drugRate":"","severity":"serious","_validated":false,"_confidence":0.3},{"effect":"Headache","drugRate":"","severity":"serious","_validated":false,"_confidence":0.3},{"effect":"Body as Whole Abscess","drugRate":"","severity":"mild","_validated":false,"_confidence":0.3},{"effect":"Edema","drugRate":"","severity":"serious","_validated":false,"_confidence":0.3},{"effect":"Dyspnea","drugRate":"","severity":"common","_validated":false,"_confidence":0.3},{"effect":"Dizziness","drugRate":"","severity":"common","_validated":false,"_confidence":0.3},{"effect":"Bradycardia","drugRate":"","severity":"mild","_validated":false,"_confidence":0.3},{"effect":"Pruritus","drugRate":"","severity":"common","_validated":false,"_confidence":0.3},{"effect":"Anorexia","drugRate":"","severity":"common","_validated":false,"_confidence":0.3},{"effect":"Constipation","drugRate":"","severity":"mild","_validated":false,"_confidence":0.3},{"effect":"Dyspepsia","drugRate":"","severity":"common","_validated":false,"_confidence":0.3},{"effect":"Polyuria","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Polydipsia","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Nocturia","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Conjunctivitis (calcific)","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Pancreatitis","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Photophobia","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Rhinorrhea","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Hyperthermia","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Decreased libido","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN)","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Albuminuria","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Hypercholesterolemia","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Elevated serum aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT)","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Ectopic calcification","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Hypertension","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"}],"contraindications":["Disease of liver","Hypercalcemia","Hyperphosphatemia","Hypervitaminosis D","Hypoparathyroidism"],"specialPopulations":{"Pregnancy":"The limited available data with doxercalciferol in pregnant women are insufficient to identify drug-associated risk for major birth defects, miscarriage or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes. There are risks to the mother and fetus associated with chronic kidney disease in pregnancy. Reproduction studies in rats and rabbits, at doses up to 20 mcg/kg/day and 0.1 mcg/kg/day (approximately 25 times and less than the maximum recommended human oral dose of 60 mcg/week based on mcg/m2 body surface area, respectively) have revealed no teratogenic or fetotoxic effects due to doxercalciferol.","Geriatric use":"Of the 70 patients treated with doxercalciferol injection in the two Phase clinical studies, 12 patients were 65 years or over. In these studies, no overall differences in efficacy or safety were observed between patients 65 years or older and younger patients.","Paediatric use":"Safety and efficacy of doxercalciferol injection in pediatric patients have not been established."}},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"company":"Sanofi","patents":[],"pricing":[],"_sources":{"trials":{"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=DOXERCALCIFEROL","method":"api_direct","source":"ClinicalTrials.gov","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"ctgov","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:03:54.067391+00:00"},"regulatory.ca":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"Health Canada DPD","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"health_canada_dpd","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:03:59.624500+00:00"},"publicationCount":{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=DOXERCALCIFEROL","method":"api_direct","source":"PubMed/NCBI","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"pubmed","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:04:00.837899+00:00"},"mechanism.drugClass":{"url":"https://api.fda.gov/drug/label.json","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label (EPC)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:03:52.939932+00:00"},"administration.route":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:03:52.939962+00:00"},"safety.boxedWarnings":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label (no boxed warning)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:03:52.939968+00:00"},"mechanism.target_chembl":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL mechanism: Vitamin D receptor agonist","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:04:02.030522+00:00"},"crossReferences.chemblId":{"url":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/compound_report_card/CHEMBL1200810/","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL (EMBL-EBI)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:04:01.692609+00:00"},"regulatory.fda_application":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label","rawText":"ANDA205360","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:03:52.939971+00:00"}},"allNames":"hectorol","offLabel":[],"synonyms":["hectorol","doxercalciferol"],"timeline":[{"date":"1999-01-01","type":"neutral","source":"FDA Orange Book","milestone":"Rights transferred from GENZYME CORP to Sanofi"},{"date":"1999-06-09","type":"positive","source":"DrugCentral","milestone":"FDA approval (Genzyme Corp)"},{"date":"2000-04-06","type":"positive","source":"FDA Orange Book","milestone":"Hectorol approved — 2MCG/ML (2MCG/ML)"},{"date":"2013-08-30","type":"neutral","source":"FDA Orange Book","milestone":"Generic entry — 1 manufacturer approved"},{"date":"2018-07-24","type":"positive","source":"FDA Orange Book","milestone":"New formulation approved (Hospira)"},{"date":"2028-06-11","type":"negative","source":"FDA Orange Book","milestone":"M-14 exclusivity expires"}],"aiSummary":"Hectorol (Doxercalciferol) is a Vitamin D2 analog that targets the Vitamin D3 receptor. It is a small molecule modality that was originally developed by Genzyme Corp and is now owned by Sanofi. Hectorol is FDA-approved for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing dialysis. The drug is off-patent and has multiple generic manufacturers. As an off-patent medication, Hectorol's commercial status is primarily driven by generic competition.","approvals":[{"date":"1999-06-09","orphan":false,"company":"GENZYME CORP","regulator":"FDA"}],"brandName":"Hectorol","ecosystem":[{"indication":"Hyperparathyroidism Secondary to Chronic Renal Failure with Dialysis","otherDrugs":[{"name":"cinacalcet","slug":"cinacalcet","company":"Amgen"},{"name":"ergocalciferol","slug":"ergocalciferol","company":"Sanofi Aventis Us"}],"globalPrevalence":null}],"mechanism":{"target":"Vitamin D3 receptor","novelty":"Follow-on","targets":[{"gene":"VDR","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Vitamin D3 receptor","protein":"Vitamin D3 receptor"}],"modality":"Small Molecule","drugClass":"Vitamin D2 Analog [EPC]","explanation":"Mechanism of Action. Calcitriol (1,25-(OH)2D3) and 1,25-(OH)2D2 regulate blood calcium at levels required for essential body functions. Specifically, the biologically active vitamin metabolites control the intestinal absorption of dietary calcium, the tubular reabsorption of calcium by the kidney and, in conjunction with parathyroid hormone (PTH), the mobilization of calcium from the skeleton. They act directly on bone cells (osteoblasts) to stimulate skeletal growth, and on the parathyroid glands to suppress PTH synthesis and secretion. These functions are mediated by the interaction of these biologically active metabolites with specific receptor proteins in the various target tissues. In uremic patients, deficient production of biologically active vitamin metabolites (due to lack of or insufficient 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1-alpha-hydroxylase activity) leads to secondary hyperparathyroidism, which contributes to the development of metabolic bone disease in patients with renal failure.","oneSentence":"Hectorol works by activating the Vitamin D receptor, which helps regulate calcium levels in the body.","technicalDetail":"Hectorol binds to the Vitamin D receptor, activating a transcriptional response that increases the expression of genes involved in calcium homeostasis, ultimately leading to a decrease in parathyroid hormone levels."},"commercial":{"launchDate":"1999","_launchSource":"DrugCentral (FDA 1999-06-09, GENZYME CORP)"},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/957","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=DOXERCALCIFEROL","fields":["trials"],"source":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"id":3,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=DOXERCALCIFEROL","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"},{"id":4,"url":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-approvals-and-databases/orange-book-data-files","fields":["patents","exclusivity","genericManufacturers"],"source":"FDA Orange Book"}],"_enrichedAt":"2026-03-30T10:50:32.426409","_validation":{"fieldsValidated":0,"lastValidatedAt":"2026-04-20T03:04:05.613193+00:00","fieldsConflicting":13,"overallConfidence":0.8},"biosimilars":[],"competitors":[{"drugName":"cinacalcet","drugSlug":"cinacalcet","fdaApproval":"2004-03-08","patentExpiry":"Sep 22, 2026","patentStatus":"Patent 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