{"id":"diclofenac-hpbcd","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":null,"effect":"Gastrointestinal upset (nausea, dyspepsia)"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Abdominal pain"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Headache"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Dizziness"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Increased cardiovascular risk"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Renal impairment"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Diclofenac blocks both COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes, which are responsible for producing prostaglandins that mediate inflammation, pain, and fever. The HPBCD (hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin) formulation is a solubilizing excipient designed to improve the drug's bioavailability and dissolution properties, potentially enabling faster onset of action or alternative routes of administration compared to conventional diclofenac formulations.","oneSentence":"Diclofenac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes to reduce prostaglandin synthesis, thereby decreasing inflammation and pain.","_ai_confidence":"medium"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T01:09:27.129Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Acute pain management"},{"name":"Postoperative pain"},{"name":"Musculoskeletal pain and inflammation"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT01706588","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Injectable Diclofenac for the Prevention of Post-operative Dental Pain","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"IBSA Institut Biochimique SA","startDate":"2013-01","conditions":"Pain","enrollment":75},{"nctId":"NCT00943098","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Diclofenac HPBCD 75mg/ml in Treatment of Pain Following Dental Surgery","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"IBSA Institut Biochimique SA","startDate":"2009-09","conditions":"Dental Pain","enrollment":142},{"nctId":"NCT00942448","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Diclofenac HPBCD 25, 50 mg/ml in the Treatment of Post-surgical Pain Following Dental Surgery","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"IBSA Institut Biochimique SA","startDate":"2009-09","conditions":"Dental Pain","enrollment":306}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":0,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":[],"phase":"phase_3","status":"active","brandName":"Diclofenac HPBCD","genericName":"Diclofenac HPBCD","companyName":"IBSA Institut Biochimique SA","companyId":"ibsa-institut-biochimique-sa","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Diclofenac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes to reduce prostaglandin synthesis, thereby decreasing inflammation and pain. Used for Acute pain management, Postoperative pain, Musculoskeletal pain and inflammation.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}