{"id":"diamorphine","rwe":[],"tags":[{"label":"Opioid Agonist","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"N07BC06","category":"atc"},{"label":"Active","category":"status"},{"label":"Severe pain","category":"indication"},{"label":"Analgesics","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Analgesics, Opioid","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Central Nervous System Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Central Nervous System Depressants","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Narcotics","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Peripheral Nervous System Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Sensory System Agents","category":"pharmacology"}],"phase":"unknown","safety":{"safetySignals":[{"llr":12919.789,"date":"","count":3223,"signal":"Drug abuse","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 3,223 times (LLR=12920)"},{"llr":3648.694,"date":"","count":1609,"signal":"Toxicity to various agents","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 1,609 times (LLR=3649)"},{"llr":1070.849,"date":"","count":455,"signal":"Cardio-respiratory arrest","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 455 times (LLR=1071)"},{"llr":945.86,"date":"","count":347,"signal":"Respiratory arrest","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 347 times (LLR=946)"},{"llr":805.257,"date":"","count":292,"signal":"Drug dependence","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 292 times (LLR=805)"},{"llr":682.817,"date":"","count":415,"signal":"Overdose","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 415 times (LLR=683)"},{"llr":597.361,"date":"","count":358,"signal":"Cardiac arrest","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 358 times (LLR=597)"},{"llr":578.864,"date":"","count":290,"signal":"Intentional product misuse","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 290 times (LLR=579)"},{"llr":461.13,"date":"","count":138,"signal":"Substance abuse","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 138 times (LLR=461)"},{"llr":448.962,"date":"","count":137,"signal":"Asphyxia","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 137 times (LLR=449)"},{"llr":370.749,"date":"","count":514,"signal":"Death","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 514 times (LLR=371)"},{"llr":292.955,"date":"","count":257,"signal":"Completed suicide","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 257 times (LLR=293)"},{"llr":283.743,"date":"","count":122,"signal":"Respiratory depression","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 122 times (LLR=284)"},{"llr":272.73,"date":"","count":174,"signal":"Pulmonary oedema","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 174 times (LLR=273)"},{"llr":264.463,"date":"","count":81,"signal":"Drug withdrawal syndrome neonatal","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 81 times (LLR=264)"}],"commonSideEffects":[{"effect":"Drug abuse","drugRate":"LLR 12920","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Toxicity to various agents","drugRate":"LLR 3649","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Cardio-respiratory arrest","drugRate":"LLR 1071","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Drug dependence","drugRate":"LLR 805","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Overdose","drugRate":"LLR 683","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Cardiac arrest","drugRate":"LLR 597","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Intentional product misuse","drugRate":"LLR 579","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Substance abuse","drugRate":"LLR 461","severity":"common"},{"effect":"Asphyxia","drugRate":"LLR 449","severity":"common"},{"effect":"Completed suicide","drugRate":"LLR 293","severity":"common"},{"effect":"Respiratory depression","drugRate":"LLR 284","severity":"common"},{"effect":"Pulmonary oedema","drugRate":"LLR 273","severity":"common"},{"effect":"Drug withdrawal syndrome neonatal","drugRate":"LLR 264","severity":"common"}]},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"patents":[],"pricing":[],"allNames":"heroin","offLabel":[],"synonyms":["diamorphine hydrochloride","diacetylmorphine hydrochloride","heroin","diamorphine","acetomorphin","acetomorphine","diacetylmorphine","diamorphine HCl","diacetylmorphine HCl"],"timeline":[],"approvals":[],"brandName":"Heroin","ecosystem":[{"indication":"Severe pain","otherDrugs":[{"name":"buprenorphine","slug":"buprenorphine","company":"Reckitt Benckiser"},{"name":"clonidine","slug":"clonidine","company":"Boehringer Ingelheim"},{"name":"hydromorphone","slug":"hydromorphone","company":"Purdue Pharm Prods"},{"name":"ibuprofen","slug":"ibuprofen","company":""}],"globalPrevalence":1500000000}],"mechanism":{"moaClass":"Full Opioid Agonists","modality":"Small Molecule","drugClass":"Opioid Agonist","explanation":"Imagine your brain has special locks called opioid receptors that help control pain. Heroin is a key that fits into these locks, allowing it to turn down the volume on pain signals. This can provide quick and effective pain relief, but it can also lead to dependence and addiction if used improperly.","oneSentence":"Heroin works by binding to opioid receptors in the brain, mimicking the action of natural pain-relieving chemicals.","technicalDetail":"Heroin exerts its effects by binding to mu-opioid receptors (MOR) in the central nervous system, activating G-protein coupled receptors and stimulating the release of neurotransmitters such as dopamine, endorphins, and enkephalins, which ultimately leads to analgesia and euphoria."},"_wikipedia":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heroin","title":"Heroin","extract":"Heroin, also known as diacetylmorphine and diamorphine among other names, is a morphinan opioid substance synthesized from the dried latex of the opium poppy; it is mainly used as a recreational drug for its euphoric effects. Heroin is used medically in several countries to relieve pain, such as during childbirth or a heart attack. Medical-grade diamorphine is used as a pure hydrochloride salt. Various white and brown powders sold illegally around the world as heroin are routinely diluted with cutting agents. Black tar heroin is a variable admixture of morphine derivatives—predominantly 6-MAM (6-monoacetylmorphine), which is the result of crude acetylation during clandestine production of street heroin."},"commercial":{},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/4412","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=diamorphine","fields":["trials"],"source":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"id":3,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=diamorphine","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"},{"id":4,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heroin","fields":["history","overview"],"source":"Wikipedia"}],"_enrichedAt":"2026-03-30T10:38:08.644659","biosimilars":[],"competitors":[{"drugName":"buprenorphine","drugSlug":"buprenorphine","fdaApproval":"1981-12-29","patentExpiry":"Sep 5, 2031","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"methadone","drugSlug":"methadone","fdaApproval":"1947-08-13","genericCount":13,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"levomethadyl acetate","drugSlug":"levomethadyl-acetate","fdaApproval":"1993-07-09","patentStatus":"Unknown","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"lofexidine","drugSlug":"lofexidine","fdaApproval":"2018-05-16","genericCount":3,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"}],"genericName":"diamorphine","indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Severe pain","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":76948002,"regulator":"FDA","usPrevalence":51600000,"globalPrevalence":1500000000,"prevalenceMethod":"curated","prevalenceSource":"CDC, 2023"}],"offLabel":[],"pipeline":[]},"drugCategory":"active","labelChanges":[],"relatedDrugs":[{"drugId":"buprenorphine","brandName":"buprenorphine","genericName":"buprenorphine","approvalYear":"1981","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"methadone","brandName":"methadone","genericName":"methadone","approvalYear":"1947","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"levomethadyl-acetate","brandName":"levomethadyl acetate","genericName":"levomethadyl acetate","approvalYear":"1993","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"lofexidine","brandName":"lofexidine","genericName":"lofexidine","approvalYear":"2018","relationship":"same-class"}],"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT00787423","phase":"","title":"Developing Field Tools for Real-Time Assessment of Exposure to Psychosocial Stress and Drug Use in an Outpatient Treatment Population","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)","startDate":"2009-07-14","conditions":["Stress","Drug 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