{"id":"diacerein","rwe":[{"pmid":"41874937","year":"2026","title":"Intra-articular dual-targeted hydrogel co-delivering diacerein nanoparticles and ketorolac for modulating neuroimmune interplay and cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis.","finding":"","journal":"Drug delivery and translational research","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41828820","year":"2026","title":"Emodin and the Anthraquinone Scaffold: Therapeutic Promise and Strategies to Overcome Translational Barriers.","finding":"","journal":"Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41811513","year":"2026","title":"Diacerein improves liver fibrosis, steatosis, and atherosclerosis in ApoE knockout mice.","finding":"","journal":"Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany)","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41772988","year":"2026","title":"Understanding the efficacy and tolerability of topical therapies for epidermolysis bullosa.","finding":"","journal":"Expert review of clinical pharmacology","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41770553","year":"2026","title":"Diacerein for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.","finding":"","journal":"JAMA internal medicine","studyType":"Clinical Study"}],"tags":[{"label":"diacerein","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase","category":"target"},{"label":"NAAA","category":"gene"},{"label":"TTR","category":"gene"},{"label":"CASP3","category":"gene"},{"label":"M01AX21","category":"atc"},{"label":"Active","category":"status"},{"label":"Anti-Inflammatory Agents","category":"pharmacology"}],"phase":"phase_3","safety":{"safetySignals":[{"llr":187.256,"date":"","count":26,"signal":"Cerebral artery thrombosis","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 26 times (LLR=187)"},{"llr":185.099,"date":"","count":26,"signal":"Brain scan abnormal","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 26 times (LLR=185)"},{"llr":145.887,"date":"","count":26,"signal":"Areflexia","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 26 times (LLR=146)"},{"llr":110.672,"date":"","count":28,"signal":"Ischaemic stroke","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 28 times (LLR=111)"},{"llr":110.028,"date":"","count":24,"signal":"Hemiplegia","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 24 times (LLR=110)"},{"llr":100.006,"date":"","count":24,"signal":"Facial paralysis","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 24 times (LLR=100)"},{"llr":92.946,"date":"","count":28,"signal":"Respiratory distress","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 28 times (LLR=93)"},{"llr":90.554,"date":"","count":26,"signal":"Disease recurrence","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 26 times (LLR=91)"}],"commonSideEffects":[{"effect":"Cerebral artery thrombosis","drugRate":"LLR 187","severity":"common"},{"effect":"Brain scan abnormal","drugRate":"LLR 185","severity":"common"},{"effect":"Areflexia","drugRate":"LLR 146","severity":"common"},{"effect":"Ischaemic stroke","drugRate":"LLR 111","severity":"common"},{"effect":"Hemiplegia","drugRate":"LLR 110","severity":"common"},{"effect":"Facial paralysis","drugRate":"LLR 100","severity":"common"},{"effect":"Respiratory distress","drugRate":"LLR 93","severity":"common"},{"effect":"Disease recurrence","drugRate":"LLR 91","severity":"common"}]},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"patents":[],"pricing":[],"allNames":"artrodar","offLabel":[],"synonyms":["diacerein","artrodar","diacerhein","diacetylrhein","fisiodar"],"timeline":[],"aiSummary":"Artrodar (DIACEREIN) is a small molecule diacerein drug targeting N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase. It is used to treat osteoarthritis, although its commercial status and FDA approval are unknown. As a diacerein, Artrodar works by inhibiting the breakdown of joint cartilage and reducing inflammation. The exact pharmacokinetic properties of Artrodar, including half-life and bioavailability, are not well-documented. Further research is needed to fully understand its safety and efficacy.","approvals":[],"brandName":"Artrodar","ecosystem":[],"mechanism":{"target":"Caspase-3, Caspase-7, N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase","targets":[{"gene":"NAAA","source":"DrugCentral","target":"N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase","protein":"N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase"},{"gene":"TTR","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Transthyretin","protein":"Transthyretin"},{"gene":"CASP3","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Caspase-3","protein":"Caspase-3"},{"gene":"CASP7","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Caspase-7","protein":"Caspase-7"}],"modality":"Small Molecule","drugClass":"diacerein","explanation":"Think of joint cartilage like a sponge that absorbs shock and helps joints move smoothly. When this sponge breaks down, it can cause pain and stiffness. Artrodar helps slow down the breakdown of this sponge by blocking the enzyme that breaks it down, which can help reduce joint pain and inflammation.","oneSentence":"Artrodar works by inhibiting the enzyme N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase, which plays a role in the breakdown of joint cartilage.","technicalDetail":"Artrodar specifically inhibits the activity of N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase (NAAA), an enzyme involved in the hydrolysis of N-acylethanolamines, which are endogenous ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). By inhibiting NAAA, Artrodar increases the levels of N-acylethanolamines, which in turn activate PPARs and modulate the expression of genes involved in inflammation and cartilage degradation."},"commercial":{},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/849","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=DIACEREIN","fields":["trials"],"source":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"id":3,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=DIACEREIN","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"}],"_enrichedAt":"2026-03-30T10:32:43.124708","biosimilars":[],"competitors":[{"drugName":"nabumetone","drugSlug":"nabumetone","fdaApproval":"1991-12-24","genericCount":14,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"glucosamine","drugSlug":"glucosamine","fdaApproval":"","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"orgotein","drugSlug":"orgotein","fdaApproval":"","relationship":"same-class"}],"dataSources":[{"url":"https://drugcentral.org","name":"DrugCentral","fields":["indications","contraindications","safety","target","drugInteractions"],"retrievedDate":"2026-04-07"}],"genericName":"diacerein","indications":{"approved":[],"offLabel":[],"pipeline":[]},"drugCategory":"active","labelChanges":[],"relatedDrugs":[{"drugId":"nabumetone","brandName":"nabumetone","genericName":"nabumetone","approvalYear":"1991","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"glucosamine","brandName":"glucosamine","genericName":"glucosamine","approvalYear":"","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"orgotein","brandName":"orgotein","genericName":"orgotein","approvalYear":"","relationship":"same-class"}],"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT07352306","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Topical Diacerein in Psoriasis Vulgaris","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Cairo University","startDate":"2026-02-01","conditions":["Psoriasis Vulgaris"],"enrollment":60,"completionDate":"2027-05-01"},{"nctId":"NCT06073132","phase":"PHASE2,PHASE3","title":"An International, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel Group, Vehicle-Controlled, Phase 2/3 Study With Open-Label Extension Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Diacerein 1% Ointment for the Treatment of Generalized Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex (EBS)","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"TWi Biotechnology, Inc.","startDate":"2024-04-04","conditions":["Generalized Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex"],"enrollment":80,"completionDate":"2027-01"},{"nctId":"NCT07199933","phase":"NA","title":"Diacerein in the Treatment of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Hongyan Wu","startDate":"2025-10-01","conditions":["MAFLD"],"enrollment":74,"completionDate":"2027-10-31"},{"nctId":"NCT06972888","phase":"PHASE2","title":"A Phase II Clinical Study of AC-201 Tablets in Subjects With Plaque Psoriasis","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Accro Bioscience (Suzhou) Limited","startDate":"2024-04-23","conditions":["Plaque Psoriasis"],"enrollment":145,"completionDate":"2025-04-28"},{"nctId":"NCT06912035","phase":"PHASE2,PHASE3","title":"Efficacy of Diacerein Supplementation on Interleukin-1β, Hs-CRP, TNF-α Levels and Glycemic Control in Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Universitas Sriwijaya","startDate":"2024-06-21","conditions":["Uncontrolled Diabetes","Diabetes Mellitus Type 2"],"enrollment":34,"completionDate":"2024-11-08"},{"nctId":"NCT04318041","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Evaluation of the Structural Modification Effect of Diacerein (Artrodar®) in Knee Osteoarthritic Patients","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"TRB Chemedica","startDate":"2020-11-22","conditions":["Knee Osteoarthritis"],"enrollment":128,"completionDate":"2026-12-31"},{"nctId":"NCT06308068","phase":"PHASE1","title":"Bioequivalence Study of Diacerein 50 mg Capsule in Healthy Thai Volunteers","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"International Bio service","startDate":"2024-07-30","conditions":["Healthy Volunteer"],"enrollment":30,"completionDate":"2024-08-18"},{"nctId":"NCT02688400","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Effect of Diacerein vs Celecoxib on Symptoms and Structural Changes in Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"TRB Chemedica International SA","startDate":"2016-05","conditions":["Osteoarthritis","Osteoarthritis, Knee"],"enrollment":380,"completionDate":"2018-06-28"},{"nctId":"NCT04917679","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Eltrombopag Plus Diacerein vs Eltrombopag in Adult ITP","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Qilu Hospital of Shandong University","startDate":"2020-09-01","conditions":["Thrombocytopenia"],"enrollment":102,"completionDate":"2022-06-01"},{"nctId":"NCT03754634","phase":"PHASE2","title":"A Prospective, Open, Multicenter Clinical Trial of Eltrombopag Combined With Diacerein in Eltrombopag-inefficient or Relapsed ITP","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Shandong University","startDate":"2019-05-01","conditions":["Thrombocytopenia"],"enrollment":30,"completionDate":"2020-11-01"},{"nctId":"NCT05226754","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Study Design of the Diacerein in Patients With Covid-19","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"University of Campinas, Brazil","startDate":"2022-04-01","conditions":["COVID-19"],"enrollment":40,"completionDate":"2023-07-08"},{"nctId":"NCT02287818","phase":"PHASE2","title":"A Study of AC-201 Controlled-Release Tablet (CR Tablet) in Patients With Gout","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"TWi Biotechnology, Inc.","startDate":"2014-12","conditions":["Gout"],"enrollment":127,"completionDate":"2016-10-27"},{"nctId":"NCT04351100","phase":"","title":"Efficacy of Diacerein on Ocular Surface Disease in Degenerative Arthritis Patients","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Chulalongkorn University","startDate":"2019-10-01","conditions":["Ocular Surface Disease","Osteoarthritis","Diacerein"],"enrollment":34,"completionDate":"2020-07-31"},{"nctId":"NCT03389308","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Long Term Open-label Study Evaluating Safety of Diacerein 1% Ointment Topical Formulation in Subjects With Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Castle Creek Pharmaceuticals, LLC","startDate":"2017-12-01","conditions":["Epidermolysis Bullosa","Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex"],"enrollment":51,"completionDate":"2020-04-17"},{"nctId":"NCT03473184","phase":"PHASE1","title":"A 4-Day Study to Evaluate the Photoxicity of Diacerein 1% Topical Ointment in Healthy Volunteers","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Castle Creek Pharmaceuticals, LLC","startDate":"2017-12-12","conditions":["Healthy"],"enrollment":34,"completionDate":"2017-12-15"},{"nctId":"NCT03472287","phase":"PHASE1","title":"To Evaluate the Pharmacokinetic of Diacerein and Rhein After Maximum Use in Patients With Epidermolysis Bullosa (EB)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Castle Creek Pharmaceuticals, LLC","startDate":"2018-05-18","conditions":["Epidermolysis Bullosa (EB)","Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex","Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa","Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa"],"enrollment":11,"completionDate":"2019-02-14"},{"nctId":"NCT03472534","phase":"PHASE1","title":"A 21 Day Irritation Study in Healthy Volunteers With Diacerein 1% Ointment","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Castle Creek Pharmaceuticals, LLC","startDate":"2018-01-09","conditions":["Healthy"],"enrollment":46,"completionDate":"2018-01-30"},{"nctId":"NCT03473197","phase":"PHASE1","title":"A 6-Week Study to Evaluate the Photoallergic Potential of Diacerein 1% Ointment in Healthy Volunteers","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Castle Creek Pharmaceuticals, LLC","startDate":"2018-01-08","conditions":["Healthy"],"enrollment":61,"completionDate":"2018-03-09"},{"nctId":"NCT03154333","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Safety and Efficacy of Diacerein 1% Ointment for Subjects With Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex (EBS)","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Castle Creek Pharmaceuticals, LLC","startDate":"2017-06-01","conditions":["Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex"],"enrollment":54,"completionDate":"2018-10-31"},{"nctId":"NCT03472547","phase":"PHASE1","title":"A Study of Sensitizing Potential of Diacerein 1% Ointment in Healthy Subjects","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Castle Creek Pharmaceuticals, LLC","startDate":"2018-01-15","conditions":["Healthy"],"enrollment":234,"completionDate":"2018-03-03"},{"nctId":"NCT03286582","phase":"PHASE2","title":"A Proof-of-Concept Study of Topical AC-203 in Patients With Bullous Pemphigoid","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"TWi Biotechnology, Inc.","startDate":"2017-09-05","conditions":["Bullous Pemphigoid"],"enrollment":10,"completionDate":"2019-01-22"},{"nctId":"NCT03468322","phase":"PHASE2","title":"A Double-blind, Intra-individual Comparison, POC Trial of AC-203 in EB Patients","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"TWi Biotechnology, Inc.","startDate":"2018-10-20","conditions":["Inherited Epidermolysis Bullosa"],"enrollment":9,"completionDate":"2019-04-09"},{"nctId":"NCT01276106","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Study of AC-201 in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"TWi Biotechnology, Inc.","startDate":"2011-01","conditions":["Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus"],"enrollment":259,"completionDate":"2012-03"},{"nctId":"NCT01712204","phase":"PHASE2","title":"A Proof-of-Concept Study of AC-201 to Prevent Gout Flares","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"TWi Biotechnology, Inc.","startDate":"2013-01","conditions":["Gout 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Chemedica","startDate":"2010-10","conditions":["Rheumatoid Arthritis"],"enrollment":40,"completionDate":"2014-04"},{"nctId":"NCT02177643","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Effect of Diacerein in the Metabolic Control of Patients With DM Type 2 and Secondary Failure to Metformin","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"University of Campinas, Brazil","startDate":"2013-01","conditions":["Diabetes-Related Complications","Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","Insulin Resistance"],"enrollment":60,"completionDate":""},{"nctId":"NCT02060552","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Immune Molecular and Inflammatory Cytokines Dysfunction Analysis in Gout Patients With Different Urate Levels","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Tongji Hospital","startDate":"2013-01","conditions":["Primary Gout"],"enrollment":96,"completionDate":"2014-04"},{"nctId":"NCT01298882","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Diacerein on Insulin Secretion in Diabetes","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Coordinación de Investigación en Salud, 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research"},{"date":"2026 Mar 2","pmid":"41828820","title":"Emodin and the Anthraquinone Scaffold: Therapeutic Promise and Strategies to Overcome Translational Barriers.","journal":"Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"date":"2026 Mar 11","pmid":"41811513","title":"Diacerein improves liver fibrosis, steatosis, and atherosclerosis in ApoE knockout mice.","journal":"Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany)"},{"date":"2026 Mar","pmid":"41772988","title":"Understanding the efficacy and tolerability of topical therapies for epidermolysis bullosa.","journal":"Expert review of clinical pharmacology"},{"date":"2026 Mar 2","pmid":"41770553","title":"Diacerein for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.","journal":"JAMA internal medicine"}],"companionDiagnostics":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"status":"active","companyName":"","companyId":"","modality":"Small 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