{"id":"d-penicillamine","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":null,"effect":"Proteinuria"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Rash"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Bone marrow suppression"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Pemphigus-like syndrome"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Taste disturbance"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Nausea"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":{"setId":"312922a2-f87b-46d3-bc07-8846f910b948","title":"D-PENICILLAMINE POWDER [AX PHARMACEUTICAL CORP]"},"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"D-Penicillamine acts as a heavy metal chelator by forming stable complexes with copper, mercury, lead, and other metals, facilitating their elimination through the kidneys. Additionally, it reduces disulfide bonds in proteins and can suppress immune responses, making it useful in autoimmune conditions. The drug's immunomodulatory effects are thought to involve alteration of T-cell function and reduction of circulating immune complexes.","oneSentence":"D-Penicillamine is a chelating agent that binds to heavy metals and promotes their urinary excretion, while also modulating immune function through reduction of disulfide bonds.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T01:08:25.090Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillamine","title":"Penicillamine","extract":"Penicillamine, sold under the brand name of Cuprimine among others, is a medication primarily used for the treatment of Wilson's disease. It is also used for people with kidney stones who have high urine cystine levels, rheumatoid arthritis, and various heavy metal poisonings. It is taken by mouth."},"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Wilson's disease (copper accumulation)"},{"name":"Rheumatoid arthritis"},{"name":"Cystinuria"},{"name":"Heavy metal poisoning (mercury, lead)"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT07465718","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Trientine Tetrahydrochloride Administered Once a Day for the First Line Treatment of Wilson's Disease Patients.","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Orphalan","startDate":"2026-05","conditions":"Wilson's Disease","enrollment":38},{"nctId":"NCT07301216","phase":"","title":"Off Treatment Urinary Copper Excretion in Wilson Disease, Pilot Study","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Yale University","startDate":"2026-01-08","conditions":"Wilson Disease","enrollment":30},{"nctId":"NCT06945081","phase":"NA","title":"Wilson's Disease Treated With D-Penicillamine: Characterization of Skin Damage Secondary to Treatment by Measuring Skin Elasticity","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint Etienne","startDate":"2025-11-28","conditions":"Wilson Disease, D-Penicillamine, Effect of D-penicilline on Cutaneous Elastity of Wilson's Patient","enrollment":120},{"nctId":"NCT05783687","phase":"","title":"Real World Evidence Study in Subjects With Wilson's Disease","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Orphalan","startDate":"2023-06-28","conditions":"Wilson Disease","enrollment":50},{"nctId":"NCT05239858","phase":"","title":"International Wilson's Disease Patient Registry (iWilson Registry)","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Orphalan","startDate":"2022-06-29","conditions":"Wilson's Disease","enrollment":500},{"nctId":"NCT03539952","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Trientine Tetrahydrochloride (TETA 4HCL) for the Treatment of Wilson's Disease","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Orphalan","startDate":"2018-09-03","conditions":"Wilson Disease","enrollment":77},{"nctId":"NCT05047523","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Study of ALXN1840 Versus Standard of Care in Pediatric Participants With Wilson Disease","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc.","startDate":"2021-09-13","conditions":"Wilson Disease","enrollment":40},{"nctId":"NCT03660059","phase":"PHASE3","title":"A Study to Assess Safety and Efficacy of ASP015K in Participants With Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Who Had an Inadequate Response or Intolerance to Methotrexate (MTX)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Astellas Pharma China, Inc.","startDate":"2018-09-27","conditions":"Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)","enrollment":385},{"nctId":"NCT03403205","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Efficacy and Safety of ALXN1840 Administered for 48 Weeks Versus Standard of Care in Participants With Wilson Disease","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc.","startDate":"2018-02-22","conditions":"Wilson Disease","enrollment":214},{"nctId":"NCT06103617","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Safety and Superiority of Penicillamine in Radiosensitization of Recurrent Head and Neck Cancer","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University","startDate":"2023-11-15","conditions":"Head and Neck Cancer, Recurrent Cancer","enrollment":10},{"nctId":"NCT02125721","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Effect of Increasing Doses of Cystine Binding Thiol Drugs on Cystine Capacity in Patients With Cystinuria","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"NYU Langone Health","startDate":"2012-06","conditions":"Cystinuria","enrollment":10},{"nctId":"NCT02763215","phase":"","title":"The Assessment of Copper Parameters in Wilson Disease Participants on Standard of Care Treatment","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc.","startDate":"2016-05-19","conditions":"Wilson Disease","enrollment":64},{"nctId":"NCT03957720","phase":"EARLY_PHASE1","title":"The Individual Therapy for Patients With Wilson's Disease","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University","startDate":"2019-03-15","conditions":"Wilson's Disease","enrollment":400},{"nctId":"NCT02120105","phase":"","title":"Cystine Capacity Clinical Study (CysCap)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"NYU Langone Health","startDate":"2012-09","conditions":"Cystinuria","enrollment":30},{"nctId":"NCT03106948","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Delivery of Inhibitors of Lysyl Oxidase (LysoLox) on Serial Angioplasty and Time to Restenosis","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Southeast Renal Research Institute","startDate":"2017-02-01","conditions":"Arteriovenous Fistula Occlusion","enrollment":30},{"nctId":"NCT02426905","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Study to Assess Long-Term Outcomes of Trientine in Wilson Disease Patients Withdrawn From Therapy With d-Penicillamine","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Univar BV","startDate":"2016-01","conditions":"Wilson Disease","enrollment":90},{"nctId":"NCT01374282","phase":"","title":"Post Marketing Surveillance Study of Cuprimine","status":"NO_LONGER_AVAILABLE","sponsor":"Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC","startDate":"","conditions":"Scleroderma","enrollment":""},{"nctId":"NCT00552630","phase":"PHASE2, PHASE3","title":"Penicillamine Chelation for Children With Lead Poisoning","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"FDA Office of Orphan Products Development","startDate":"2007-09","conditions":"Lead Poisoning, Vitamin D Deficiency","enrollment":""},{"nctId":"NCT00003751","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Penicillamine, Low Copper Diet, and Radiation Therapy in Treating Patients With Glioblastoma","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins","startDate":"1999-03","conditions":"Brain and Central Nervous System Tumors","enrollment":40}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[{"count":20,"reaction":"JOINT SWELLING"},{"count":17,"reaction":"DRUG INEFFECTIVE"},{"count":16,"reaction":"ARTHRALGIA"},{"count":15,"reaction":"RED BLOOD CELL SEDIMENTATION RATE INCREASED"},{"count":13,"reaction":"ANAPHYLACTIC REACTION"},{"count":13,"reaction":"CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDER"},{"count":13,"reaction":"DRUG HYPERSENSITIVITY"},{"count":13,"reaction":"DYSTONIA"},{"count":13,"reaction":"INFLAMMATION"},{"count":13,"reaction":"MUSCLE SPASMS"}],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":3640,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":[],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"D-Penicillamine","genericName":"D-Penicillamine","companyName":"Orphalan","companyId":"orphalan","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"D-Penicillamine is a chelating agent that binds to heavy metals and promotes their urinary excretion, while also modulating immune function through reduction of disulfide bonds. Used for Wilson's disease (copper accumulation), Rheumatoid arthritis, Cystinuria.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}