{"id":"cysteine","rwe":[{"pmid":"41905039","year":"2026","title":"A novel camphor-based fluorescent probe for sensing thiophenols in food analysis and biological imaging via a PET-TICT integrated mechanism.","finding":"","journal":"Talanta","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41904645","year":"2026","title":"Several plant self-incompatibility systems may be controlled by atypical receptor-ligand interactions.","finding":"","journal":"The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41903639","year":"2026","title":"USP39 deubiquitinase: Dual roles in RNA splicing and protein stabilization in cancer therapeutics.","finding":"","journal":"International journal of biological macromolecules","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41902535","year":"2026","title":"Synthesis, Functionalization, and Reactivity of Vinyl Sulfondiimidamides.","finding":"","journal":"Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41901476","year":"2026","title":"Genome-Wide Identification of CFEM Proteins in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Reveals Effector Candidates with Cell Death Suppression Activity.","finding":"","journal":"Plants (Basel, Switzerland)","studyType":"Clinical Study"}],"_fda":{"id":"7e90559f-51b5-36ff-e053-2a91aa0a9b17","set_id":"119a205d-0074-48ff-ac78-e2300db45227","openfda":{"nui":["N0000193618","M0001797","N0000185375","N0000185371","N0000175629","N0000184306","M0000728","M0006342","M0016962","M0022575","N0000185017"],"upc":["0317089075202"],"unii":["8ID597Z82X","73Y7P0K73Y","OF5471ZHRR","8L70Q75FXE","PQ6CK8PD0R","CUQ3A77YXI","L7A49804ZQ","N487KM8COK","0UV74P3R0J","SAA04E81UX","K848JZ4886","88XHZ13131","33X04XA5AT","0E53J927NA","817L1N4CKP","VZ3U1H7Q5B","O138UB266J","68Y4CF58BV","TLM2976OFR","6CA025Y4FG","POD38AIF08","AB6MNQ6J6L","398IYQ16YV","9928MC12VO","M572600E5P"],"route":["ORAL"],"spl_id":["7e90559f-51b5-36ff-e053-2a91aa0a9b17"],"brand_name":["OMEOSPORT"],"spl_set_id":["119a205d-0074-48ff-ac78-e2300db45227"],"package_ndc":["17089-075-20"],"product_ndc":["17089-075"],"generic_name":[".ALPHA.-KETOGLUTARIC ACID - ACONITIC ACID, CIS - ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE - ALPHA LIPOIC ACID - ASCORBIC ACID - ASIAN GINSENG - BARIUM CATION - BEET - CEROUS OXALATE NONAHYDRATE - COENZYME A - CYSTEINE - FUMARIC ACID - LACTIC ACID, DL - MAGNESIUM CARBONATE - MALIC ACID - MANGANESE PHOSPHATE, DIBASIC - PORK - PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE - RIBOFLAVIN - SODIUM DIETHYL OXALACETATE - SODIUM PYRUVATE - SUCCINIC ACID - SUS SCROFA ADRENAL GLAND - THIAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE - SUS SCROFA EMBRYO -"],"product_type":["HUMAN OTC DRUG"],"pharm_class_cs":["Ascorbic Acid [CS]","Allergens [CS]","Dietary Proteins [CS]","Plant Proteins [CS]","Vegetable Proteins [CS]"],"pharm_class_pe":["Increased Histamine Release [PE]","Cell-mediated Immunity [PE]"],"substance_name":[".ALPHA.-KETOGLUTARIC ACID",".ALPHA.-LIPOIC ACID","ACONITIC ACID, (Z)-","ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE","ASCORBIC ACID","ASIAN GINSENG","BARIUM OXALOSUCCINATE","BEET","CEROUS OXALATE NONAHYDRATE","COENZYME A","CYSTEINE","FUMARIC ACID","LACTIC ACID","MAGNESIUM CARBONATE","MALIC ACID","MANGANESE PHOSPHATE, DIBASIC","PORK","PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE","RIBOFLAVIN","SODIUM DIETHYL OXALACETATE","SODIUM PYRUVATE","SUCCINIC ACID","SUS SCROFA ADRENAL GLAND","SUS SCROFA EMBRYO","THIAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE"],"pharm_class_epc":["Vitamin C [EPC]","Non-Standardized Plant Allergenic Extract [EPC]","Non-Standardized Food Allergenic Extract [EPC]"],"manufacturer_name":["Guna spa"],"is_original_packager":[true]},"purpose":["USES For the temporary relief of symptoms related to athletic training and exertion such as: Muscle cramps Sore muscles Lack of endurance"],"version":"2","warnings":["WARNINGS Stop use and ask doctor if symptoms persist more than 5 days or worsen. If pregnant or breast-feeding ask a health professional before use. Keep out of reach of children."],"questions":["QUESTIONS Questions?: info@gunainc.com tel. (484) 223-3500"],"effective_time":"20181221","active_ingredient":["ACTIVE INGREDIENTS/PURPOSE ADENOSINTRIPHOSPHATE 8X CELL METABOLISM ALPHA-KETOGLUTARIC ACID 6X DETOXIFICATION ALPHA-LIPOIC AC 6X DETOXIFICATION ASCORBIC ACID 4X CELL METABOLISM BARIUM OXALOSUCCINATE 6X DETOXIFICATION BETA VULGARIS 2X CELL METABOLISM CERIUM OXALICUM 6X CELL METABOLISM CIS-ACONITIC ACID 6X CELL METABOLISM COENZYME A 6X CELL METABOLISM CYSTEINUM 6X CELL METABOLISM EMBRYO EXTRACT 6X CELL METABOLISM FUMARICUM ACIDUM 6X ANTI-INFLAMMATORY GINSENG 3X DETOXIFICATION GLANDULA SUPRARENALIS 10X HORMONAL REGULATION LACTICUM ACIDUM 8X CELL METABOLISM MAGNESIUM CARBONATE 2X TIREDNESS MALIC ACID 6X CELL METABOLISM MANGANUM PHOSPHORICUM 6X TIREDNESS MUSCLE TISSUE 6X MUSCLE METABOLISM NATRUM OXALACETICUM 6X CELL METABOLISM NATRUM PYRUVICUM 6X CELL METABOLISM PYRIDOXINUM HYDROCHLORICUM 6X METABOLIC SUPPORT RIBOFLAVINUM 6X CELL METABOLISM SUCCINICUM ACIDUM 6X CELL METABOLISM THIAMINUM HYDROCHLORICUM 4X METABOLIC SUPPORT"],"inactive_ingredient":["Inactive ingredient: Sucrose."],"indications_and_usage":["Directions: Turn tube upside down and rotate cap to release pellets into cap. Unscrew cap and without touching pellets tip them into the mouth under the tongue. Allow to dissolve Take 15 minutes before meals."],"dosage_and_administration":["DIRECTIONS Take 15 minutes before meals Adults and children 12 years and older 5 pellets 3 times per day Children between 12 years and 6 years of age 3 pellets 3 times per day Children under 6 years 1 pellet 3 times per day to be dissolved into a little water"],"spl_product_data_elements":["OMEOSPORT .ALPHA.-KETOGLUTARIC ACID - ACONITIC ACID, CIS - ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE - ALPHA LIPOIC ACID - ASCORBIC ACID - ASIAN GINSENG - BARIUM CATION - BEET - CEROUS OXALATE NONAHYDRATE - COENZYME A - CYSTEINE - FUMARIC ACID - LACTIC ACID, DL - MAGNESIUM CARBONATE - MALIC ACID - MANGANESE PHOSPHATE, DIBASIC - PORK - PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE - RIBOFLAVIN - SODIUM DIETHYL OXALACETATE - SODIUM PYRUVATE - SUCCINIC ACID - SUS SCROFA ADRENAL GLAND - THIAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE - SUS SCROFA EMBRYO - SUCROSE ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE .ALPHA.-KETOGLUTARIC ACID .ALPHA.-KETOGLUTARIC ACID .ALPHA.-LIPOIC ACID .ALPHA.-LIPOIC ACID ASCORBIC ACID ASCORBIC ACID BARIUM OXALOSUCCINATE BARIUM CATION BEET BEET CEROUS OXALATE NONAHYDRATE CEROUS CATION ACONITIC ACID, (Z)- ACONITIC ACID, (Z)- COENZYME A COENZYME A CYSTEINE CYSTEINE SUS SCROFA EMBRYO SUS SCROFA EMBRYO FUMARIC ACID FUMARIC ACID ASIAN GINSENG ASIAN GINSENG SUS SCROFA ADRENAL GLAND SUS SCROFA ADRENAL GLAND LACTIC ACID LACTIC ACID MAGNESIUM CARBONATE CARBONATE ION MALIC ACID MALIC ACID MANGANESE PHOSPHATE, DIBASIC MANGANESE CATION (2+) PORK PORK SODIUM DIETHYL OXALACETATE DIETHYL OXALACETATE SODIUM PYRUVATE PYRUVIC ACID PYRIDOXINE HYDROCHLORIDE PYRIDOXINE RIBOFLAVIN RIBOFLAVIN SUCCINIC ACID SUCCINIC ACID THIAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE THIAMINE ION white"],"pregnancy_or_breast_feeding":["PREGNANCY If pregnant or breast-feeding ask a health professional before use."],"keep_out_of_reach_of_children":["WARNINGS Keep out of reach of children"],"package_label_principal_display_panel":["PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL 5USBIO-Omeosport-rev04-110718"]},"tags":[{"label":"cysteine","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"Cystine/glutamate transporter","category":"target"},{"label":"SLC7A11","category":"gene"},{"label":"Intravenous","category":"route"},{"label":"INTRAVENOUS","category":"route"},{"label":"Injection","category":"form"},{"label":"Solution","category":"form"},{"label":"Active","category":"status"},{"label":"Amyloidosis","category":"indication"},{"label":"Atelectasis due to Mucous Obstruction","category":"indication"},{"label":"Bronchiectasis","category":"indication"},{"label":"Bronchitis","category":"indication"},{"label":"Contrast Media-Induced Nephrotoxicity Prevention","category":"indication"},{"label":"Cystic fibrosis of the lung","category":"indication"},{"label":"Exela Pharma","category":"company"},{"label":"Approved 1980s","category":"decade"}],"phase":"marketed","safety":{"boxedWarnings":[],"safetySignals":[{"date":"","signal":"PARENTERAL NUTRITION ASSOCIATED LIVER DISEASE","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"50 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"CONDITION AGGRAVATED","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"11 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"CHOLESTASIS","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"9 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"LIVER FUNCTION TEST ABNORMAL","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"9 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"HALLUCINATION","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"7 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"MALAISE","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"6 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"PYREXIA","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"6 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"DIZZINESS","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"5 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"FATIGUE","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"5 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"HYPOKALAEMIA","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"5 reports"}],"commonSideEffects":[{"effect":"Local infusion site reactions","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Warm sensation at infusion site","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Erythema at infusion site","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Phlebitis at infusion site","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Thrombosis at infusion site","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Generalized flushing","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Fever","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Nausea","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""}],"contraindications":["Acute exacerbation of asthma","Bronchospasm","Classical phenylketonuria","Decreased respiratory function","Esophageal varices","Gastrointestinal hemorrhage","Gastrointestinal ulcer","Low blood pressure","Peptic ulcer"],"specialPopulations":{"Lactation":"NOURESS is used as an additive to amino acid solutions to meet nutritional requirements of neonates requiring total parenteral nutrition and is not indicated for use in adults. There are no data on the presence of cysteine hydrochloride in human or animal milk or the effects on milk production. Data available on the effects of cysteine hydrochloride on infants, either directly or through breastmilk, do not suggest significant risk of adverse reactions from exposure.","Pregnancy":"NOURESS for use as an additive to amino acid solutions to meet nutritional requirements is not indicated for use in adults. Appropriate administration of NOURESS is not expected to cause major birth defects, miscarriage or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes. Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with cysteine hydrochloride.","Geriatric use":"Clinical studies with ELCYS have not been performed to determine whether patients aged 65 and over respond differently from younger patients.","Paediatric use":"NOURESS is indicated for use as an additive to amino acid solutions to meet the nutritional requirements of neonates, including preterm infants, requiring total parenteral nutrition. The safety profile for NOURESS use in neonates includes risks of acid-base imbalance and hepatobiliary dysfunction.Acid-base imbalance, including metabolic acidosis, and liver dysfunction may occur with NOURESS administration in preterm infants. Frequent clinical and laboratory assessments are necessary to monitor and manage fluid balance, electrolyte concentrations, liver tests, and acid-base balance."},"seriousAdverseEvents":[{"effect":"Pulmonary embolism due to pulmonary vascular precipitates","drugRate":"","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Vein damage","drugRate":"","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Thrombosis","drugRate":"","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Increased BUN","drugRate":"","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Acid-base imbalance","drugRate":"","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Hepatobiliary disorders","drugRate":"","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Hyperammonemia","drugRate":"","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Aluminum toxicity","drugRate":"","severity":"serious"}]},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"company":"Exela Pharma","patents":[{"applNo":"N210660","source":"FDA Orange Book","status":"Active","expires":"Jan 15, 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Drugs@FDA","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_drugsfda","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:44:59.311001+00:00"},"publicationCount":{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=CYSTEINE","method":"api_direct","source":"PubMed/NCBI","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"pubmed","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:45:11.855603+00:00"},"mechanism.drugClass":{"url":"https://api.fda.gov/drug/label.json","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label (EPC)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:44:58.009003+00:00"},"administration.route":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:44:58.009105+00:00"},"safety.boxedWarnings":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label (no boxed 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Orange Book","milestone":"Nouress approved — 500MG/10ML (50MG/ML)"}],"aiSummary":"Cysteine Hydrochloride (CYSTEINE) is a small molecule drug originally developed by HOSPIRA and currently owned by Exela Pharma. It targets the cystine/glutamate transporter and is FDA-approved for various indications, including amyloidosis, cystic fibrosis, and contrast media-induced nephrotoxicity prevention. CYSTEINE is a cysteine drug that works by replenishing cysteine levels in the body, which is essential for various cellular functions. It is a patented drug with no generic manufacturers. Key safety considerations include its potential effects on the kidneys and liver.","approvals":[{"date":"1986-10-22","orphan":false,"company":"HOSPIRA","regulator":"FDA"}],"brandName":"Cysteine Hydrochloride","ecosystem":[{"indication":"Amyloidosis","otherDrugs":[{"name":"acetylcysteine","slug":"acetylcysteine","company":"Apothecon"},{"name":"tafamidis","slug":"tafamidis","company":"Foldrx Pharms"}],"globalPrevalence":23200000},{"indication":"Atelectasis due to Mucous Obstruction","otherDrugs":[{"name":"acetylcysteine","slug":"acetylcysteine","company":"Apothecon"}],"globalPrevalence":null},{"indication":"Bronchiectasis","otherDrugs":[{"name":"acetylcysteine","slug":"acetylcysteine","company":"Apothecon"},{"name":"bitolterol","slug":"bitolterol","company":"Sanofi Aventis Us"},{"name":"epinephrine","slug":"epinephrine","company":""},{"name":"norepinephrine","slug":"norepinephrine","company":"Hospira"}],"globalPrevalence":null},{"indication":"Bronchitis","otherDrugs":[{"name":"acetylcysteine","slug":"acetylcysteine","company":"Apothecon"},{"name":"amphotericin B","slug":"amphotericin-b","company":"Apothecon"},{"name":"bitolterol","slug":"bitolterol","company":"Sanofi Aventis Us"},{"name":"cefixime","slug":"cefixime","company":""}],"globalPrevalence":null},{"indication":"Contrast Media-Induced Nephrotoxicity Prevention","otherDrugs":[{"name":"acetylcysteine","slug":"acetylcysteine","company":"Apothecon"}],"globalPrevalence":null},{"indication":"Cystic fibrosis of the lung","otherDrugs":[{"name":"acetylcysteine","slug":"acetylcysteine","company":"Apothecon"},{"name":"ivacaftor","slug":"ivacaftor","company":"Vertex Pharms"},{"name":"lumacaftor","slug":"lumacaftor","company":"Vertex Pharms Inc"},{"name":"tezacaftor","slug":"tezacaftor","company":"Vertex Pharms"}],"globalPrevalence":890552},{"indication":"General anesthesia","otherDrugs":[{"name":"acetylcysteine","slug":"acetylcysteine","company":"Apothecon"},{"name":"alfentanil","slug":"alfentanil","company":"Akorn"},{"name":"alimemazine","slug":"alimemazine","company":"Allergan Herbert"},{"name":"amobarbital","slug":"amobarbital","company":""}],"globalPrevalence":null},{"indication":"Poisoning by acetaminophen","otherDrugs":[{"name":"acetylcysteine","slug":"acetylcysteine","company":"Apothecon"}],"globalPrevalence":null}],"mechanism":{"target":"Cystine/glutamate transporter","novelty":"Follow-on","targets":[{"gene":"SLC7A11","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Cystine/glutamate transporter","protein":"Cystine/glutamate transporter"}],"modality":"Small Molecule","drugClass":"Vitamin C [EPC]","explanation":"","oneSentence":"","technicalDetail":"CYSTEINE targets the cystine/glutamate transporter (xCT), a protein that plays a critical role in the regulation of cysteine levels in the body. 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