{"id":"cynarine","rwe":[{"pmid":"41892235","year":"2026","title":"Cynara cardunculus subsp. cardunculus (Wild Artichoke) Extract: Antimicrobial Activity and Cytotoxicity, Apoptosis Induction, and Chemosensitization in Colon Cancer Cells.","finding":"","journal":"Biology","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41732320","year":"2026","title":"Establishment of an at-line nanofractionation-based screening platform for rapid identification of influenza PA(N)/PA(N) I38T inhibitors from Artemisiae Argyi Folium.","finding":"","journal":"Journal of pharmaceutical analysis","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41596362","year":"2026","title":"Bacteriostatic Effect of Some Plant Extracts Against Crown Gall Caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens L.","finding":"","journal":"International journal of molecular sciences","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41308497","year":"2026","title":"Polymer encapsulation of Cynara Scolymus L. extract using supercritical fluid expansion into an aqueous solution (ESSAS): Optimization of conditions, identification of compounds using LC-HRMS, and investigation of antioxidant properties.","finding":"","journal":"Food chemistry","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"40526150","year":"2025","title":"Cynarin Counteracts Lipotoxicity in Pancreatic β-Cells Via Inhibiting Palmitate-Induced Apoptosis and Linoleic Acid-Provoked Ferroptosis.","finding":"","journal":"Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)","studyType":"Clinical Study"}],"tags":[{"label":"cynarine","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"Active","category":"status"},{"label":"Cholagogues and Choleretics","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Gastrointestinal Agents","category":"pharmacology"}],"phase":"phase_2","safety":{},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"patents":[],"pricing":[],"allNames":"cinarin","offLabel":[],"synonyms":["cynarine","dicaffeoylquinic acid","cinarin","cinarine","cynarin"],"timeline":[],"approvals":[],"brandName":"Cinarin","ecosystem":[],"mechanism":{"target":"Integrase","modality":"Small Molecule","drugClass":"cynarine","explanation":"Imagine your body has a 'volume control' for certain sounds or signals. Cinarin helps adjust this volume control, allowing the right amount of signal to pass through and reducing unwanted noise. This can help with various conditions, but the exact mechanism is still being studied.","oneSentence":"Cinarin works by interacting with specific biological pathways to produce its therapeutic effects.","technicalDetail":"Cinarin is a small molecule that binds to specific receptors or enzymes, modulating their activity and leading to changes in downstream signaling pathways."},"commercial":{},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/3124","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=CYNARINE","fields":["trials"],"source":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"id":3,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=CYNARINE","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"}],"_enrichedAt":"2026-03-30T10:22:24.543516","_validation":{"fieldsValidated":0,"lastValidatedAt":"2026-04-20T11:16:47.766022+00:00","fieldsConflicting":0,"overallConfidence":0.95},"biosimilars":[],"competitors":[{"drugName":"bictegravir","drugSlug":"bictegravir","fdaApproval":"2018-02-07","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"cabotegravir","drugSlug":"cabotegravir","fdaApproval":"2021-01-21","patentExpiry":"Sep 15, 2031","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"dolutegravir","drugSlug":"dolutegravir","fdaApproval":"2013-08-12","patentExpiry":"Oct 5, 2027","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"doxorubicin","drugSlug":"doxorubicin","fdaApproval":"1974-08-07","genericCount":24,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"elvitegravir","drugSlug":"elvitegravir","fdaApproval":"2012-08-27","patentExpiry":"Oct 26, 2026","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"mitoxantrone","drugSlug":"mitoxantrone","fdaApproval":"1987-12-23","genericCount":6,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"raltegravir","drugSlug":"raltegravir","fdaApproval":"2007-10-12","patentExpiry":"Sep 11, 2029","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-target"}],"dataSources":[{"url":"https://drugcentral.org","name":"DrugCentral","fields":["indications","contraindications","safety","target","drugInteractions"],"retrievedDate":"2026-04-07"}],"genericName":"cynarine","indications":{"approved":[],"offLabel":[],"pipeline":[]},"drugCategory":"active","labelChanges":[],"relatedDrugs":[{"drugId":"bictegravir","brandName":"bictegravir","genericName":"bictegravir","approvalYear":"2018","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"cabotegravir","brandName":"cabotegravir","genericName":"cabotegravir","approvalYear":"2021","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"dolutegravir","brandName":"dolutegravir","genericName":"dolutegravir","approvalYear":"2013","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"doxorubicin","brandName":"doxorubicin","genericName":"doxorubicin","approvalYear":"1974","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"elvitegravir","brandName":"elvitegravir","genericName":"elvitegravir","approvalYear":"2012","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"mitoxantrone","brandName":"mitoxantrone","genericName":"mitoxantrone","approvalYear":"1987","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"raltegravir","brandName":"raltegravir","genericName":"raltegravir","approvalYear":"2007","relationship":"same-target"}],"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT05686993","phase":"NA","title":"Effect of a Proposed Cav1.3 Inhibitor in Primary Aldosteronism","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Queen Mary University of London","startDate":"2023-04-24","conditions":["Primary Aldosteronism","Endocrine Hypertension"],"enrollment":15,"completionDate":"2023-09-06"},{"nctId":"NCT00065715","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Echinacea Versus Placebo Effect in Common Cold (Physician Echinacea Placebo)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of Wisconsin, Madison","startDate":"2003-09","conditions":["Common Cold"],"enrollment":719,"completionDate":"2013-04"}],"genericFilers":[],"latestUpdates":[],"manufacturing":[],"administration":{},"crossReferences":{"UNII":"85D81U9JAV","CHEBI":"CHEBI:520","INN_ID":"3276","UMLSCUI":"C0056848","ChEMBL_ID":"CHEMBL2105478","PUBCHEM_CID":"5281769","SECONDARY_CAS_RN":"212891-05-9","MESH_SUPPLEMENTAL_RECORD_UI":"C100257"},"formularyStatus":[],"_enricherVersion":"v2","developmentCodes":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"pharmacokinetics":{"source":"DrugCentral","halfLife":"1.37 hours","clearance":"8.7 mL/min/kg","volumeOfDistribution":"0.79 L/kg"},"publicationCount":36,"therapeuticAreas":["Other"],"biosimilarFilings":[],"recentPublications":[{"date":"2026 Mar 15","pmid":"41892235","title":"Cynara cardunculus subsp. cardunculus (Wild Artichoke) Extract: Antimicrobial Activity and Cytotoxicity, Apoptosis Induction, and Chemosensitization in Colon Cancer Cells.","journal":"Biology"},{"date":"2026 Feb","pmid":"41732320","title":"Establishment of an at-line nanofractionation-based screening platform for rapid identification of influenza PA(N)/PA(N) I38T inhibitors from Artemisiae Argyi Folium.","journal":"Journal of pharmaceutical analysis"},{"date":"2026 Jan 10","pmid":"41596362","title":"Bacteriostatic Effect of Some Plant Extracts Against Crown Gall Caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens L.","journal":"International journal of molecular sciences"},{"date":"2026 Jan 1","pmid":"41308497","title":"Polymer encapsulation of Cynara Scolymus L. extract using supercritical fluid expansion into an aqueous solution (ESSAS): Optimization of conditions, identification of compounds using LC-HRMS, and investigation of antioxidant properties.","journal":"Food chemistry"},{"date":"2025 Jun 17","pmid":"40526150","title":"Cynarin Counteracts Lipotoxicity in Pancreatic β-Cells Via Inhibiting Palmitate-Induced Apoptosis and Linoleic Acid-Provoked Ferroptosis.","journal":"Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)"}],"companionDiagnostics":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"status":"active","companyName":"","companyId":"","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Cinarin, also known as CYNARINE, is a small molecule drug in the cynarine class. Its original development is unclear, and it is currently owned by an unknown entity. The target and approved indications of Cinarin are unknown, and its commercial status is also unclear. Cinarin has a half-life of 1.37 hours, but its bioavailability and off-patent status are unknown. Further research is needed to understand the full scope of Cinarin's properties and uses.","enrichmentLevel":5,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":1,"withResults":0},"validation":{"fieldsValidated":0,"lastValidatedAt":"2026-04-20T11:16:47.766022+00:00","fieldsConflicting":0,"overallConfidence":0.95},"verificationStatus":"partial","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":false,"safety":false,"trials":true,"score":2}}