{"id":"cyclosporine-pill","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":"25-50","effect":"Nephrotoxicity"},{"rate":"25-50","effect":"Hypertension"},{"rate":"10-25","effect":"Tremor"},{"rate":"10-30","effect":"Gingival hyperplasia"},{"rate":"10-25","effect":"Hirsutism"},{"rate":"20-40","effect":"Infection"},{"rate":"10-20","effect":"Hyperkalemia"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Cyclosporine binds to cyclophilin and the resulting complex inhibits calcineurin, a serine/threonine phosphatase essential for dephosphorylating NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells). This prevents NFAT translocation to the nucleus and subsequent IL-2 and other cytokine gene expression, thereby suppressing T-cell mediated immune responses. It is a non-selective immunosuppressant used primarily in transplantation and autoimmune conditions.","oneSentence":"Cyclosporine inhibits calcineurin phosphatase, blocking T-cell activation and proliferation by preventing IL-2 transcription.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T01:08:20.113Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Organ transplant rejection prophylaxis"},{"name":"Autoimmune diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, nephrotic syndrome)"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT04017962","phase":"PHASE2","title":"A Study of the Drug Letermovir (LTV) as Prevention for Recurrent of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center","startDate":"2019-07-19","conditions":"CMV, CMV Infection, Hematopoietic Cell Transplant","enrollment":102},{"nctId":"NCT07043985","phase":"NA","title":"Effect of Vitamin C on Collagen Production in Comparison to Hereditary Gingival Fibromatosis: Histopathological Study","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Badr University","startDate":"2018-01-03","conditions":"Tissue Modification After Vit c Injection","enrollment":20},{"nctId":"NCT04906304","phase":"NA","title":"Comparison of Safety and Efficacy of de Novo Everolimus","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences","startDate":"2020-01-01","conditions":"Cytomegalovirus Infections","enrollment":35},{"nctId":"NCT03209219","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Interferon α2a Versus Cyclosporine for Refractory Behçet's Disease Uveitis","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Peking Union Medical College Hospital","startDate":"2017-06-30","conditions":"Behçet Disease, Uveitis","enrollment":28},{"nctId":"NCT01990898","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Cyclosporine in Interstitial Cystitis: Efficacy, Safety and Mechanism of Action","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"The Cleveland Clinic","startDate":"2013-11","conditions":"Interstitial Cystitis","enrollment":26},{"nctId":"NCT00983645","phase":"PHASE4","title":"A Trial Comparing Prograf and Neoral Use in Kidney Transplant Recipients of Hispanic Ethnicity","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Loma Linda University","startDate":"2004-10","conditions":"Renal Transplant Rejection","enrollment":15},{"nctId":"NCT01160276","phase":"PHASE1","title":"Drug Interaction Between Colchicine and Calcineurin Inhibitors in Renal Graft Recipients","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris","startDate":"2010-05","conditions":"Renal Replacement Therapies","enrollment":17},{"nctId":"NCT01033305","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Oral Ciclosporin for Colonic Release in Ulcerative Colitis (CyCol™)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Sigmoid Pharma","startDate":"2010-03","conditions":"Mild to Moderate Ulcerative Colitis","enrollment":118}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":17,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":[],"phase":"phase_3","status":"active","brandName":"Cyclosporine Pill","genericName":"Cyclosporine Pill","companyName":"Peking Union Medical College Hospital","companyId":"peking-union-medical-college-hospital","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Cyclosporine inhibits calcineurin phosphatase, blocking T-cell activation and proliferation by preventing IL-2 transcription. Used for Organ transplant rejection prophylaxis, Autoimmune diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, nephrotic syndrome).","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":1,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}