{"id":"cyclosporine-ophthalmic-solution-0-1","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":"10-30","effect":"Ocular irritation/burning"},{"rate":"5-15","effect":"Conjunctival erythema"},{"rate":"5-10","effect":"Blurred vision"},{"rate":"5-10","effect":"Foreign body sensation"}]},"_chembl":{"chemblId":"CHEMBL406352","moleculeType":"Small molecule","molecularWeight":"1202.63"},"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Cyclosporine binds to cyclophilin and inhibits calcineurin, a phosphatase required for T-cell activation and IL-2 production. In the eye, this immunosuppressive effect reduces inflammation associated with dry eye disease by decreasing T-cell infiltration and pro-inflammatory cytokine release in the lacrimal gland and ocular surface.","oneSentence":"Cyclosporine is a calcineurin inhibitor that suppresses T-cell activation and reduces inflammatory cytokine production in the eye.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-27T23:44:02.808Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Dry eye disease (keratoconjunctivitis sicca)"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT07224529","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Efficacy of Vevye Ophthalmic Solution for the Treatment of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","startDate":"2026-04-01","conditions":"Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD)","enrollment":48},{"nctId":"NCT07463950","phase":"PHASE4","title":"A Non-interventional Study to Evaluate the Anti-inflammatory Effects and the Clinical Efficacy of Topical Water Free Cyclosporin 0.1% Eye Drops in Patients With Dry Eye Disease and Associated Ocular Surface Inflammation Non-responding to Artificial Tears: the FOCUS Study","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Medical University of Vienna","startDate":"2026-01-20","conditions":"Dry Eye Disease (DED)","enrollment":25},{"nctId":"NCT06981104","phase":"NA","title":"Tear Film Stability and Improvement of Asthenopia: Efficacy Observation of 0.05% Cyclosporine in Dry Eye Patients With Short BUT","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University","startDate":"2024-11-18","conditions":"Dry Eye Disease (DED), Asthenopia","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT07234318","phase":"","title":"Non-interventional Study to Evaluate the Anti-inflammatory Effects and the Clinical Efficacy of Topical Water Free Cyclosporin 0.1% Eye Drops in Patients With Dry Eye Disease and Associated Ocular Surface Inflammation Non-responding to Artificial Tears","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Laboratoires Thea","startDate":"2025-12-15","conditions":"Dry Eye Disease (DED)","enrollment":25},{"nctId":"NCT07025811","phase":"PHASE4","title":"A Study to Explore Signs, Symptoms, and Biomarkers in Dry Eye Disease Participants Following Anti-inflammatory Treatment","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Hoffmann-La Roche","startDate":"2025-07-09","conditions":"Dry Eye Disease","enrollment":350},{"nctId":"NCT06658002","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Fungal Ulcer Treatment Augmented With Natamycin and Cyclosporine A","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"University of California, San Francisco","startDate":"2025-09-01","conditions":"Fungal Keratitis, Corneal Ulcer","enrollment":150},{"nctId":"NCT06903884","phase":"PHASE3","title":"3% Diquafosol Ophthalmic Solution for Active Moderate-to-Severe Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"The University of Hong Kong","startDate":"2025-12-30","conditions":"Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis","enrollment":94},{"nctId":"NCT07089511","phase":"NA","title":"Cord Blood Platelet Poor Plasma Eye Drops","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico","startDate":"2025-03-11","conditions":"Dry Eye","enrollment":100},{"nctId":"NCT06329661","phase":"PHASE4","title":"A Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Corneal Endothelial Health of DED Subjects Treated With Cyclosporine","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Novaliq GmbH","startDate":"2024-04-22","conditions":"Dry Eye Disease","enrollment":204},{"nctId":"NCT04734197","phase":"PHASE2","title":"A Research Study To See How Well an Eye Drop, SURF-100 (A Mycophenolic Acid/Betamethasone Sodium Phosphate Combination), Works and What Side Effects There Are in Subjects With Dry Eye Disease","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Surface Ophthalmics, Inc.","startDate":"2021-01-11","conditions":"Dry Eye Disease","enrollment":349},{"nctId":"NCT06898853","phase":"NA","title":"The Effect of 0.1% Topical Ciclosporin A for 12-weeks on the Eye Surface Immune Cells in Dry Eyes","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"The University of New South Wales","startDate":"2025-05-01","conditions":"Dry Eye Disease (DED)","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT06876116","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Once-daily Fluorometholone vs Twice-daily Cyclosporine in Dry Eye Disease","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Korea University Anam Hospital","startDate":"2022-09-01","conditions":"Dry Eye Disease (DED)","enrollment":32},{"nctId":"NCT06348602","phase":"PHASE1, PHASE2","title":"Evaluation of Safety & Efficacy for the Prevention of Ocular GVHD With Ophthalmic Tacrolimus vs Cyclosporine in Allo-HSCT","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Hospital Universitario Dr. Jose E. Gonzalez","startDate":"2023-08-01","conditions":"Ocular Graft-versus-host Disease","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT04812951","phase":"EARLY_PHASE1","title":"Cyclosporine 0.1% Eye Drops as Prophylactic Treatment In Cataract Surgery","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Campus Bio-Medico University","startDate":"2021-02-17","conditions":"Ocular Surface Disease, Ocular Inflammation","enrollment":101},{"nctId":"NCT05294666","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Evaluation of 0.05% CsA and 0.1% FK506 Eye Drops in Ocular GVHD Treatment","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Peking University Third Hospital","startDate":"2020-04-01","conditions":"Graft Versus Host Disease in Eye","enrollment":89},{"nctId":"NCT05131152","phase":"NA","title":"Microvascular and Inflammatory Responses of 0.05 Cyclosporine Eye Drop (II) in Treatment of Dry Eye","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University","startDate":"2021-12-01","conditions":"Dry Eye","enrollment":100},{"nctId":"NCT05076084","phase":"","title":"Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Tacrolimus Drops in Children With Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild","startDate":"2021-10-19","conditions":"Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis","enrollment":15},{"nctId":"NCT04775303","phase":"PHASE4","title":"A Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Clinical Efficacy of Cyclosporine 0.1% (Ikervis®) for Moderate to Severe Dry Eye Patients. (IKE-03-SWITCHING)","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Yonsei University","startDate":"2020-09-25","conditions":"Moderate to Severe Dry Eye","enrollment":90},{"nctId":"NCT04376970","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Treatment of Corneal Infiltrates Secondary to Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Military Hospital of Tunis","startDate":"2017-04-01","conditions":"Adenoviral Keratoconjunctivitis","enrollment":51},{"nctId":"NCT02011776","phase":"","title":"A Randomized, Parallel-Group Comparison Study of Topical Corticosteroids in Dry Eye Patients With Sjögren Syndrome","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Santen Pharmaceutical(China) Co.,LTD","startDate":"2013-03","conditions":"Dry Eye Syndromes, Sjögren Syndrome","enrollment":35},{"nctId":"NCT01068054","phase":"PHASE2, PHASE3","title":"Efficacy Study of FK-506 and Cyclosporine in Vernal Keratoconjunctivits (VKC)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Siriraj Hospital","startDate":"2003-06","conditions":"Keratoconjunctivitis, Vernal","enrollment":24},{"nctId":"NCT00001731","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Treatment of Dry Eye Syndrome With Cyclosporin A Eye Drops","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"National Eye Institute (NEI)","startDate":"1997-11","conditions":"Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca, Sjogren's Syndrome","enrollment":30}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":5,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":["VEVYE"],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"Cyclosporine ophthalmic solution, 0.1%","genericName":"Cyclosporine ophthalmic solution, 0.1%","companyName":"Novaliq GmbH","companyId":"novaliq-gmbh","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Cyclosporine is a calcineurin inhibitor that suppresses T-cell activation and reduces inflammatory cytokine production in the eye. Used for Dry eye disease (keratoconjunctivitis sicca).","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":1,"trialStats":{"total":1,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}