{"id":"cyclosporine-0-09-ophthalmic-solution","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":"10-30","effect":"Ocular irritation/burning"},{"rate":"5-15","effect":"Conjunctival erythema"},{"rate":"5-10","effect":"Foreign body sensation"},{"rate":"5-10","effect":"Blurred vision"},{"rate":"5","effect":"Ocular discharge"}]},"_chembl":{"chemblId":"CHEMBL406352","moleculeType":"Small molecule","molecularWeight":"1202.63"},"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Cyclosporine inhibits calcineurin, a phosphatase required for T-cell receptor signaling and IL-2 production. In the eye, this immunosuppressive effect reduces inflammation associated with dry eye disease by decreasing T-cell infiltration and pro-inflammatory cytokine release in the lacrimal gland and ocular surface. The 0.09% ophthalmic formulation delivers the drug topically to achieve local immunosuppression while minimizing systemic exposure.","oneSentence":"Cyclosporine is a calcineurin inhibitor that suppresses T-cell activation and reduces inflammatory cytokine production in the eye.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T00:31:37.057Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Dry eye disease (keratoconjunctivitis sicca)"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT05957211","phase":"NA","title":"Improving Drop Instillation Comfort of a Cyclosporine A Solution","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University of Waterloo","startDate":"2023-05-19","conditions":"Dry Eye Disease","enrollment":40},{"nctId":"NCT04835623","phase":"PHASE4","title":"CEQUA for Sjogren's Syndrome Dry Eye","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Center for Ophthalmic and Vision Research, LLC","startDate":"2021-06-21","conditions":"Dry Eye, Dry Eye Syndromes, Sjogren's Syndrome","enrollment":50},{"nctId":"NCT04357795","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Effect of Cequa™ in Subjects With Dry Eye Disease","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited","startDate":"2020-06-29","conditions":"Dry Eye Disease","enrollment":135},{"nctId":"NCT04172961","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Clinical Efficacy of Two Topical Dry Eye Drops for Central Corneal Stain Clearing Over 90 Days","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Toyos Clinic","startDate":"2020-02-01","conditions":"Dry Eye","enrollment":100},{"nctId":"NCT02688556","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Phase 3 Study of OTX-101 in the Treatment of Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited","startDate":"2016-02","conditions":"Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca","enrollment":745},{"nctId":"NCT04342988","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Effect of Cequa Treatment on Accuracy of Pre-operative Biometry & Higher Order Aberrations in Dry Eye Patients Undergoing Cataract Surgery","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Research Insight LLC","startDate":"2020-04-08","conditions":"Dry Eye Syndromes","enrollment":74}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":8,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":["Cequa Ophthalmic Product"],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"Cyclosporine 0.09% Ophthalmic Solution","genericName":"Cyclosporine 0.09% Ophthalmic Solution","companyName":"Center for Ophthalmic and Vision Research, LLC","companyId":"center-for-ophthalmic-and-vision-research-llc","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Cyclosporine is a calcineurin inhibitor that suppresses T-cell activation and reduces inflammatory cytokine production in the eye. Used for Dry eye disease (keratoconjunctivitis sicca).","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":1,"trialStats":{"total":1,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}