{"id":"cyclophosphamide-and-glucocorticoids","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":"40-60","effect":"Myelosuppression (leukopenia, thrombocytopenia)"},{"rate":"20-40","effect":"Infection"},{"rate":"5-15","effect":"Hemorrhagic cystitis"},{"rate":"30-50","effect":"Nausea and vomiting"},{"rate":"20-30","effect":"Alopecia"},{"rate":"2-5","effect":"Secondary malignancy"},{"rate":"variable","effect":"Infertility"},{"rate":"variable","effect":"Immunosuppression-related complications"}]},"_chembl":{"chemblId":"CHEMBL1200796","moleculeType":"Small molecule","molecularWeight":"279.10"},"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Cyclophosphamide is a nitrogen mustard alkylating agent that cross-links DNA, leading to cell death in rapidly dividing cells including malignant and immune cells. Glucocorticoids enhance this effect by suppressing T-cell and B-cell function and reducing inflammatory cytokine production. This combination is used to treat autoimmune and hematologic conditions where aggressive immunosuppression is needed.","oneSentence":"Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating agent that damages DNA and suppresses immune cell proliferation, while glucocorticoids reduce inflammation and immune activation.","_ai_confidence":"medium"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T00:31:39.658Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Severe autoimmune diseases (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus, vasculitis)"},{"name":"Hematologic malignancies"},{"name":"Severe immune-mediated conditions refractory to other therapies"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT07015983","phase":"PHASE2","title":"A Study of CC-97540 (BMS-986353 or Zola-cel), CD19-Targeted NEX-T CAR T Cells, in Participants With Active SLE Despite Immunosuppressants (Breakfree-SLE)","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Juno Therapeutics, Inc., a Bristol-Myers Squibb Company","startDate":"2025-07-14","conditions":"Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic, Lupus Nephritis","enrollment":89},{"nctId":"NCT05679401","phase":"PHASE3","title":"A Study With Imlifidase in Anti-GBM Disease","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Hansa Biopharma AB","startDate":"2022-12-22","conditions":"Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease, Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Antibody Disease, Goodpasture Syndrome","enrollment":50},{"nctId":"NCT06983821","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Safe Effective Therapy With Low-Dose Glucocorticoid in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis (SAFE-LOW)","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Ottawa Hospital Research Institute","startDate":"2025-11-10","conditions":"Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis, Microscopic Polyangiitis (MPA)","enrollment":36},{"nctId":"NCT07077486","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Effects of Telitacicept vs Cyclophosphamide on Lupus Related Interstitial Lung Disease","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Tongji Hospital","startDate":"2025-08-25","conditions":"Lupus or SLE, Interstitial Lung Disease, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus","enrollment":100},{"nctId":"NCT06781944","phase":"PHASE3","title":"OBINOTUZUMAB Versus Cyclophosphamide + Glucocorticoids in Primary Membranous Nephropathy(Blossom Study)","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Huashan Hospital","startDate":"2024-10-23","conditions":"Primary Membranous Nephropathy","enrollment":144},{"nctId":"NCT06387121","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Efficacy and Safety of Low-dose Chemotherapy Plus Immuno-targeted Drugs in Newly Diagnosed Adult Ph- B-ALL","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, China","startDate":"2024-04-02","conditions":"Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma","enrollment":53},{"nctId":"NCT06047171","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Rescue of Nephrons With ALE.F02 (RENAL-F02)","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Alentis Therapeutics AG","startDate":"2023-09-07","conditions":"Glomerulonephritis Rapidly Progressive","enrollment":80},{"nctId":"NCT07227584","phase":"PHASE2","title":"ALL Backbone in AYAs","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Dana-Farber Cancer Institute","startDate":"2026-04","conditions":"Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Philadelphia Chromosome-Negative Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)","enrollment":67},{"nctId":"NCT05197842","phase":"PHASE1, PHASE2","title":"Efficacy and Safety of Substitution of Glucocorticoid for BDB-001 Injection in Patients With Anti-neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody(ANCA)-Associated Vasculitis","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Staidson (Beijing) Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd","startDate":"2022-02-22","conditions":"ANCA-associated Vasculitis","enrollment":93},{"nctId":"NCT05660473","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Pediatric-inspired Regimen Combined With Venetoclax for Adolescent and Adult Patients With de Novo Philadelphia Chromosome-Negative Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, China","startDate":"2022-08-01","conditions":"Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma","enrollment":100},{"nctId":"NCT07059156","phase":"PHASE2, PHASE3","title":"Multicenter Study of Combined Chemotherapy and Transplantation for Adult ALL","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Shanxi Bethune Hospital","startDate":"2025-06-01","conditions":"Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Adult","enrollment":50},{"nctId":"NCT06607016","phase":"PHASE2","title":"A Clinical Trial With KJ103 in Anti-GBM Disease","status":"ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING","sponsor":"Shanghai Bao Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd.","startDate":"2024-10-21","conditions":"Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease","enrollment":12},{"nctId":"NCT05998759","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Telitacicept for the Treatment of Connective Tissue Disease-associated Thrombocytopenia","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Beijing Hospital","startDate":"2023-12-02","conditions":"Connective Tissue Diseases, Thrombocytopenia","enrollment":296},{"nctId":"NCT01363388","phase":"PHASE2","title":"A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of CCX168 in Subjects With ANCA-Associated Vasculitis","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Amgen","startDate":"2011-09","conditions":"Vasculitis","enrollment":67},{"nctId":"NCT02222155","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Clinical Trial to Evaluate Safety and Efficacy of CCX168 in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Amgen","startDate":"2015-02-04","conditions":"ANCA-associated Vasculitis","enrollment":42},{"nctId":"NCT05242874","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Anti-emetic Prophylaxis With or Without Dexamethasone","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Henan Cancer Hospital","startDate":"2022-02-01","conditions":"Chemotherapy-induced Nausea and Vomiting","enrollment":442},{"nctId":"NCT05370547","phase":"PHASE1, PHASE2","title":"Chidamide Bridging for CAR-T Therapy","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Chinese PLA General Hospital","startDate":"2022-05-25","conditions":"Non Hodgkin's Lymphoma","enrollment":120},{"nctId":"NCT05666336","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Multi-omics Studies on the Efficacy of Telitacicept in Chinese SLE Patients","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Fen Li","startDate":"2022-12-31","conditions":"Systemic Lupus Erythematosus","enrollment":30},{"nctId":"NCT03096275","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Comparison of Mycophenolate Mofetil and Cyclophosphamide for Active Takayasu's Arteritis","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Chinese SLE Treatment And Research Group","startDate":"2017-03-16","conditions":"Takayasu Arteritis","enrollment":138},{"nctId":"NCT05969522","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Stratified Therapy on Pediatric AAGN","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Wang Mo","startDate":"2023-01-01","conditions":"Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis, ANCA-Associated Glomerulonephritis","enrollment":200},{"nctId":"NCT00005585","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Combination Chemotherapy in Treating Children With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Children's Oncology Group","startDate":"2000-04","conditions":"Leukemia","enrollment":838},{"nctId":"NCT05667883","phase":"","title":"Prognostic Model of GC/CTX in the Treatment of MN","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Qianfoshan Hospital","startDate":"2023-06","conditions":"Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy","enrollment":50},{"nctId":"NCT05498259","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Orelabrutinib With R-CHOP-like Regimen for Patients With Newly Diagnosed Untreated Non-GCB DLBCL","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University","startDate":"2022-07-27","conditions":"Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma","enrollment":46},{"nctId":"NCT05625581","phase":"","title":"Tofatib Treatment for IgG4-related Disease","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Changhai Hospital","startDate":"2022-11-10","conditions":"IgG4-related Disease","enrollment":40},{"nctId":"NCT05532111","phase":"NA","title":"Efficacy and Safety of the Treatment of Primary Membranous Nephropathy: A Randomized Clinical Trial","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"RenJi Hospital","startDate":"2022-09-01","conditions":"Efficacy and Safety","enrollment":60},{"nctId":"NCT05375435","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Efficacy and Safety of Triple Therapy in Patients With Anti-MDA5 Antibody-positive Dermatomyositis","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University","startDate":"2022-01-01","conditions":"Dermatomyositis, Adult Type, Interstitial Lung Disease","enrollment":120},{"nctId":"NCT05207358","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Minimizing Glucocorticoid Administration in Patients With Proliferative Lupus Nephritis","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Institutul Clinic Fundeni","startDate":"2022-03-02","conditions":"Lupus Nephritis","enrollment":30},{"nctId":"NCT03466801","phase":"NA","title":"The Efficacy of Prednisone and Combination Therapy With Methylprednisolone and Cyclophosphamide on IMN in Stage I.","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Wenhu Liu","startDate":"2018-03-20","conditions":"Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy","enrollment":6},{"nctId":"NCT03492255","phase":"NA","title":"CYCLONES - CYClophosphamide LOw Dose and No Extra Steroid","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"University of Sao Paulo General Hospital","startDate":"2018-04-12","conditions":"Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)","enrollment":49},{"nctId":"NCT04762810","phase":"PHASE4","title":"A Prospective Study of Cyclophosphamide Treatment for Idiopathic Retroperitoneal Fibrosis","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Peking Union Medical College Hospital","startDate":"2020-01-03","conditions":"Idiopathic Retroperitoneal Fibrosis","enrollment":40},{"nctId":"NCT02370550","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Cyclosporine A in the TReatment of Interstitial Pneumonitis Associated With Sjogren's Syndrome","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Peking University People's Hospital","startDate":"2015-03","conditions":"Sjogren's Syndrome","enrollment":240},{"nctId":"NCT03390387","phase":"NA","title":"Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treatment Protocol Moscow-Berlin 2015 (ALL-MB 2015)","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Federal Research Institute of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology","startDate":"2015-11","conditions":"Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia","enrollment":4000},{"nctId":"NCT02855359","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Denintuzumab Mafodotin (SGN-CD19A) Combined With RCHOP or RCHP Versus RCHOP Alone in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma or Follicular Lymphoma","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Seagen Inc.","startDate":"2016-08","conditions":"Diffuse, Large B-Cell, Lymphoma, Follicular Lymphoma, Grade 3b, Transformed Lymphoma / DLBCL","enrollment":24},{"nctId":"NCT00104299","phase":"PHASE2, PHASE3","title":"Rituximab for the Treatment of Wegener's Granulomatosis and Microscopic Polyangiitis","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)","startDate":"2005-01","conditions":"Vasculitis, Wegener's Granulomatosis, Microscopic Polyangiitis","enrollment":197},{"nctId":"NCT03045471","phase":"","title":"The Efficacy and Safety of R-EPOCH and R-CHOP Regimen for Patients With AIDS Associated CD20+ Diffuse Large B Lymphoma","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center","startDate":"2017-03-01","conditions":"To Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of R-EPOCH and R-CHOP Regimen for Patients With AIDS Associated CD20+ Diffuse Large B Lymphoma","enrollment":50},{"nctId":"NCT01446211","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Clinical Study Comparing the New Immunosuppressive Drug Gusperimus With the Conventional Treatment in Wegener's Granulomatosis","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Nordic Pharma SAS","startDate":"2011-11","conditions":"Wegeners Granulomatosis","enrollment":4},{"nctId":"NCT01799460","phase":"","title":"Study on Single-nucleotide-polymorphism in Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine","startDate":"2010-12","conditions":"Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy","enrollment":80},{"nctId":"NCT01526850","phase":"PHASE2, PHASE3","title":"Efficacy and Safety Study of Allogenic Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Patients With Chronic Graft Versus Host Disease","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences","startDate":"2012-02","conditions":"Chronic Graft Versus Host Disease","enrollment":100},{"nctId":"NCT00976300","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Cyclosporine A or Intravenous Cyclophosphamide for Lupus Nephritis: The Cyclofa-Lune Study","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Institute of Rheumatology, Prague","startDate":"2002-01","conditions":"Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Lupus Nephritis","enrollment":40}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":133,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":[],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"Cyclophosphamide and glucocorticoids","genericName":"Cyclophosphamide and glucocorticoids","companyName":"Peking Union Medical College Hospital","companyId":"peking-union-medical-college-hospital","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating agent that damages DNA and suppresses immune cell proliferation, while glucocorticoids reduce inflammation and immune activation. Used for Severe autoimmune diseases (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus, vasculitis), Hematologic malignancies, Severe immune-mediated conditions refractory to other therapies.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":1,"trialStats":{"total":1,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}