{"id":"csii-followed-by-lina-met","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":null,"effect":"Hypoglycemia"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Injection site reactions"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Gastrointestinal disturbances (metformin)"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Nasopharyngitis (linagliptin)"}]},"_chembl":null,"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"CSII provides continuous basal insulin with bolus dosing flexibility to mimic physiologic insulin secretion. Linagliptin inhibits DPP-4, prolonging GLP-1 and GIP activity to stimulate glucose-dependent insulin secretion and suppress glucagon. Metformin reduces hepatic glucose production and improves insulin sensitivity. The sequential approach uses intensive insulin therapy followed by oral agents to optimize glycemic control in type 2 diabetes.","oneSentence":"CSII (continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion) followed by a combination of a DPP-4 inhibitor (linagliptin) and metformin improves glycemic control through sustained insulin delivery and enhanced incretin-based glucose regulation.","_ai_confidence":"low"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T00:21:34.661Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT03194945","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Effects of Sequential Treatment Based on Lina/MET After Short-term Intensive Insulin in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Sun Yat-sen University","startDate":"2017-11-01","conditions":"Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","enrollment":412}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":0,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":["CSII+Lina+Met"],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"CSII followed by Lina+MET","genericName":"CSII followed by Lina+MET","companyName":"Sun Yat-sen University","companyId":"sun-yat-sen-university","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"CSII (continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion) followed by a combination of a DPP-4 inhibitor (linagliptin) and metformin improves glycemic control through sustained insulin delivery and enhanced incretin-based glucose regulation. Used for Type 2 diabetes mellitus.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}