{"id":"cotinine","rwe":[],"tags":[{"label":"cotinine","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-2","category":"target"},{"label":"CHRNA2","category":"gene"},{"label":"Active","category":"status"},{"label":"Indicators and Reagents","category":"pharmacology"}],"phase":"phase_2","safety":{},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"patents":[],"pricing":[],"allNames":"(-)-cotinine","offLabel":[],"synonyms":["cotinine","(-)-Cotinine","(S)-Cotinine","cotinine fumarate"],"timeline":[],"approvals":[],"brandName":"(-)-Cotinine","ecosystem":[],"mechanism":{"target":"Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-2","targets":[{"gene":"CHRNA2","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-2","protein":"Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-2"}],"modality":"Small Molecule","drugClass":"cotinine","explanation":"Imagine your brain cells have locks on them, and (-)-Cotinine has a key that fits into those locks. When it binds, it helps to activate the cells, which can help to regulate various bodily functions. This can be beneficial for people with certain conditions, but more research is needed to fully understand its effects.","oneSentence":"(-)-Cotinine works by binding to and activating the neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-2.","technicalDetail":"(-)-Cotinine acts as an agonist at the neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-2, mimicking the action of the endogenous neurotransmitter acetylcholine and modulating cholinergic neurotransmission."},"commercial":{},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/737","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=COTININE","fields":["trials"],"source":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"id":3,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=COTININE","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"}],"_enrichedAt":"2026-03-30T10:22:24.696903","biosimilars":[],"competitors":[{"drugName":"atracurium","drugSlug":"atracurium","fdaApproval":"1983-11-23","genericCount":11,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic 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