{"id":"control-bupivacaine","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":null,"effect":"Systemic toxicity (CNS effects: tremor, seizures, loss of consciousness)"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Cardiovascular effects (hypotension, bradycardia, arrhythmias)"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Local reactions (pain, erythema at injection site)"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Allergic reactions (rare with amide local anesthetics)"}]},"_chembl":{"chemblId":"CHEMBL1098","moleculeType":"Small molecule","molecularWeight":"288.44"},"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Bupivacaine is a long-acting amide local anesthetic that reversibly inhibits sodium influx into nerve fibers, thereby stabilizing the neuronal membrane and preventing depolarization. This action blocks conduction of nerve impulses in sensory, motor, and autonomic nerves depending on the concentration and route of administration. 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