{"id":"conestat-alfa","rwe":[{"pmid":"30000948","year":"2006","title":"C1 Esterase Inhibitor.","finding":"","journal":"","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"39675680","year":"2025","title":"Clinical response and corresponding blood transcriptome pathways before and after treatment of hereditary angioedema prodromes compared to active swelling attacks.","finding":"","journal":"The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"37965347","year":"2023","title":"Recombinant C1 inhibitor in the prevention of severe COVID-19: a randomized, open-label, multi-center phase IIa trial.","finding":"","journal":"Frontiers in immunology","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"33397449","year":"2021","title":"Recombinant human C1 esterase inhibitor (conestat alfa) in the prevention of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomized, parallel-group, open-label, multi-center pilot trial (PROTECT-COVID-19).","finding":"","journal":"Trials","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"32922409","year":"2020","title":"Treatment of COVID-19 With Conestat Alfa, a Regulator of the Complement, Contact Activation and Kallikrein-Kinin System.","finding":"","journal":"Frontiers in immunology","studyType":"Clinical Study"}],"_fda":{"id":"a742815a-7705-9153-e053-2995a90a562d","set_id":"66d3fecb-32a4-7781-e053-2a91aa0a83ca","openfda":{"unii":["5QS67N4551"],"route":["INTRAVENOUS"],"rxcui":["1599836","1599841"],"spl_id":["a742815a-7705-9153-e053-2995a90a562d"],"brand_name":["Ruconest"],"spl_set_id":["66d3fecb-32a4-7781-e053-2a91aa0a83ca"],"package_ndc":["71274-350-01","71274-350-02"],"product_ndc":["71274-350"],"generic_name":["C1 ESTERASE INHIBITOR RECOMBINANT"],"product_type":["HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG"],"substance_name":["CONESTAT ALFA"],"manufacturer_name":["Pharming Healthcare Inc."],"application_number":["BLA125495"],"is_original_packager":[true]},"version":"3","pregnancy":["8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of RUCONEST in pregnant women. In the U.S. general population, regardless of drug exposure, available data suggest that major birth defects occur in 2 to 4% of the general population and miscarriage occurs in 15 to 20% of clinically recognized pregnancies. Data Human Data Limited available postmarketing safety data with RUCONEST use in pregnant women do not indicate any adverse effects in this population. In a retrospective case collection study, 14 pregnant women aged 17 to 37 years with HAE received RUCONEST at 50 U/kg (max 4200 U) via intravenous administration for treatment of acute atttacks or for prophylaxis during pregnancy. For all 14 women in this study, delivery at full term with the births of healthy babies occurred without complications. No adverse events related to RUCONEST treatment were reported during the pregnancy period. 1,2 However these data cannot definitely establish the absence of any risk because of the small sample size and non-randomized study design. Animal Data Embryo toxicity with 625 U/kg of RUCONEST (12.5 times the human dose) was tested after intravenous dosing of pregnant rats in a segment II (embryofetal toxicity) study design. There were no significant outcomes from this study. Dosing of pregnant rabbits with 625 U/kg during organogenesis showed no drug-related adverse effects on either the developing fetuses or mothers [see Animal Toxicology and/or Pharmacology (13.2)]."],"references":["15 REFERENCES Moldovan D, Bernstein JA, Hakl R, Porebski G, Poarch K, Lumry WR, Relan A. Safety of recombinant human C1 esterase inhibitor for hereditary angioedema attacks during pregnancy. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2019 Jun 3. pii: S2213-2198(19)30499-4. Hakl R, Kuklinek P, Krcmova I, Kralickova P, Freiberger T, Janku P, Vlkova M, Litzman J. Treatment of hereditary angioedema attacks with icatibant and recombinant C1 inhibitor during pregnancy. J Clin Immunol. 2018 Oct;38(7):80-815. Caliezi C, Wuillemin WA, Zeerleder S, Redondo M, Eisele B, Hack CE. C1-esterase inhibitor: an anti-inflammatory agent and its potential use in the treatment of diseases other than hereditary angioedema. Pharmacol Rev. 2000 Mar;52(1):91-112."],"description":["11 DESCRIPTION RUCONEST is a recombinant analogue of human complement component 1 esterase inhibitor for intravenous injection. RUCONEST is purified from the milk of transgenic rabbits, and supplied as a sterile, preservative-free, white/off-white lyophilized powder for reconstitution for injection. One U of rhC1INH activity is defined as the equivalent of C1 esterase inhibiting activity present in 1 mL of pooled normal plasma. RUCONEST is a soluble, single-chain glycoprotein containing 478 amino acids, with a molecular mass of 68 kDa, of which approximately 22% comprises oligosaccharide structures. The primary and secondary structures of the molecule and target protease selectivity are consistent with those of plasma-derived C1 esterase inhibitor. Each vial of RUCONEST contains 2100 U of rhC1INH, 937 mg of sucrose, 83.3 mg of sodium citrate dihydrate and 1.0 mg of citric acid monohydrate. After reconstitution with 14 mL of sterile Water for Injection, each vial of RUCONEST contains 150 U of rhC1INH per 1 mL in a 20 mM sodium citrate buffer with a pH of 6.8. RUCONEST does not contain preservatives and each vial is for single use only. RUCONEST is purified from the milk of transgenic rabbits. The rabbits are maintained in a closed colony that is controlled and routinely monitored for specific pathogens. The skimmed milk is screened for adventitious contaminants prior to further manufacture. The manufacturing process has been validated to demonstrate adequate capacity for removal and/or inactivation of viruses ( Table 4 ). RUCONEST contains less than 0.002% of host-related impurities. Table 4. Viral reduction capacity of the rhC1INH manufacturing process a MLV: Murine leukemia virus; REO-3: Reovirus type 3; ORF: Scab-mouth ORF virus; FCV: Feline calicivirus; PPV: Porcine parvovirus; b SP BB: SP Sepharose BB; SD: Solvent/detergent; Q HP: Q Sepharose HP; Zn FF: Zinc Chelating Sepharose FF; c Not added to the total reduction factor since independence of clearance mechanism has not been experimentally verified; d Not applicable since indicated model virus is not enveloped; e Not tested because SD chemicals are present in the starting material. Virus Reduction Factor (Log 10 ) Step MLV a REO 3 ORF FCV PPV SP BB chromatography b 1.8 2.2 c 1.5 c 2.3 1.5 b SD incubation b ≥ 5.8 NA d 3.7 NA NA Q HP chromatography b NT e 4.8 NT 0.8 c 2.2 Zn FF chromatography b 1.1 c 3.2 c 3.3 1.9 c 0.4 c Nanofiltration ≥ 5.5 ≥ 6.5 ≥ 5.8 ≥ 6.9 5.8 Total reduction factor ≥ 13.1 ≥ 11.3 ≥ 12.8 ≥ 9.2 8.0"],"how_supplied":["16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING 16.1 How Supplied RUCONEST is supplied in single-use 25 mL glass vials with a stopper (siliconized chlorobutyl rubber) and a flip-off seal (aluminum and colored plastic). Each carton contains one single-use vial. Each vial contains 2100 U rhC1INH lyophilized powder for reconstitution for injection. 16.2 Storage and Handling Store in the original package in order to protect from light. Shelf life: 48 months when stored at 36ºF - 77ºF (2ºC - 25ºC). Do not freeze. Each vial of RUCONEST should be reconstituted with 14 mL Water for Injection (not supplied). The reconstituted solution contains 150 U/mL rhC1INH and is clear and colorless. Each vial of RUCONEST is for single use only. RUCONEST contains no preservative. Any product that has been reconstituted should be used immediately, or within 8 hours stored at 36ºF - 46ºF (2ºC - 8ºC). Discard partially used vials after treatment."],"geriatric_use":["8.5 Geriatric Use The clinical studies of RUCONEST included seven patients older than 65 years. The clinical studies included an insufficient number of patients in this age group to determine if they respond differently from younger patients."],"pediatric_use":["8.4 Pediatric Use The safety and efficacy of RUCONEST were evaluated in 17 adolescent patients (13-17 years of age) treated for 52 HAE attacks. Eight out of 17 (47%) adolescent patients experienced adverse reactions. No serious adverse reactions were reported in these patients. The most common reactions (occurring in at least 2 patients) were: abdominal pain, headache, and oropharyngeal pain."],"effective_time":"20200430","clinical_studies":["14 CLINICAL STUDIES The safety and efficacy of RUCONEST for treatment of acute angioedema attacks in patients with HAE was established in Study 1, a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial (RCT) which included an open-label extension (OLE) phase; and supported by the results of 2 additional RCTs and 2 additional OLE studies. Randomized, Controlled Trials The safety and efficacy of RUCONEST in the treatment of acute attacks in patients with hereditary angioedema were demonstrated in a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized study (Study 1). Supportive evidence of effectiveness is provided by two double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled studies (Studies 2 and 3). Evidence for the efficacy of repeat treatment of HAE attacks is provided from the open-label extensions (OLE) of each of the three randomized studies. Study 1 was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial that included an open-label extension (OLE) phase to assess the efficacy and safety of RUCONEST 50 U/kg in the treatment of acute attacks in patients with HAE. Seventy-five (75) adults and adolescent patients were randomized (3:2) to receive RUCONEST 50 U/kg (N = 44) or placebo (N = 31). Patients ranged in age from 17 to 69 years of age; 63% were female and 37% were male; 96% were Caucasian. The primary efficacy endpoint was the time to beginning of relief of symptoms, assessed using patient-reported responses to two questions from a Treatment Effect Questionnaire (TEQ). The TEQ required patients to assess the severity of their attack symptoms at each affected anatomic location, using a seven-point scale (“much worse” to “much better” [TEQ Question 1]), and whether their symptoms had begun to decrease notably since receiving the study medication (“yes” or “no” [TEQ Question 2]). To achieve the primary endpoint, a patient had to have a positive response to both questions along with persistence of improvement at the next assessment time (i.e., the same or better response). Rescue treatment with RUCONEST was available for patients who did not experience the beginning of relief at 4 hours after study drug administration, or earlier to patients who experienced life-threatening oropharyngeal-laryngeal angioedema symptoms. If a patient received a medication which could have impacted the efficacy evaluation or open-label RUCONEST as rescue medication, prior to achieving beginning of relief of symptoms, the time to beginning of relief of symptoms was censored at the last assessed time prior to medication use. In the RCT phase, the median time to beginning of relief of symptoms was statistically significantly shorter in patients treated with RUCONEST 50 U/kg compared with patients treated with placebo as assessed by the TEQ; ( Table 6 , Figure 1). Table 6. Time to Beginning of Relief of Symptoms based on questionnaire based on TEQ (Study 1, RCT Phase) Time to Beginning of Relief of Symptoms, minutes RUCONEST 50 U/kg N=44 Placebo N=31 Values that are not estimable are displayed as ‘- ’. Median 90 152 95% CI (61, 150) (93, -) Log-rank p-value 0.031 Figure 1. Kaplan-Meier Plot of Time to Beginning of Relief of Symptoms (Study 1, RCT Phase) Among several planned subgroup analyses, descriptive statistics showed that in US patients a median time to beginning of relief of symptoms with persistence at the primary attack location (based on TEQ) was 98 minutes [95% CI:(45, 240); n=22] for those receiving RUCONEST and 90 minutes [95% CI: (50, -); n=16] for those receiving placebo. The hazard ratio for time to the beginning of relief of symptoms in this subpopulation was 1.20 [95% CI: (0.48, 3.01)] for patients receiving RUCONEST as compared with patients receiving placebo. Non-US patients receiving RUCONEST had a median time to beginning of relief of 90 minutes [95% CI: (63, 120); n=22] and non-US patients receiving placebo had a median time to beginning of relief of 334 minutes [95% CI: (150, -); n=15]. The hazard ratio for the non-US subgroup was 4.82 [95% CI: (1.58, 14.72)] for patients receiving RUCONEST compared to placebo. Examination of gender subgroups suggested a larger treatment effect in men than women. For women receiving RUCONEST, the median time to beginning of relief was 113 minutes [95% CI: (63, 151); n=28], and for women receiving placebo, the median time to beginning of relief was 105 minutes [95% CI: (60, 334); n=19]. The hazard ratio for women receiving RUCONEST versus placebo was 1.22 [95% CI: (0.60, 2.48)]. For men receiving RUCONEST, the median time to beginning of relief was 75 minutes [95% CI: (45, 210); n=16], and for men receiving placebo, the median time to beginning of relief was 480 minutes [95% CI: (150, -) n=12]. The hazard ratio for men receiving RUCONEST versus placebo was 3.94 [95% CI: (1.23, 12.68)]. No plausible biological explanations for the regional or gender subgroup effects were found. One possible explanation is a larger-than-expected placebo response among US women. None of the subgroup confidence intervals were adjusted for multiplicity. Because almost all of the patients were Caucasian and were between 18 and 65 years of age, race and age subgroup analyses were not considered meaningful. Among patients who achieved relief within 4 hours, there were 4 (27%) patients in the placebo group who had a relapse of their symptoms within 24 hours as compared with 1 (3%) in the RUCONEST group. The proportion of patients who received RUCONEST as rescue medication was greater in patients randomized to placebo (13 of 31 patients; 42%) than in patients randomized to RUCONEST (5 of 44 patients; 11%). The efficacy of RUCONEST 50 U/kg for different anatomical locations of HAE attacks is summarized in Table 7 . Table 7. Proportion of patients who achieved relief within 4 hours, by attack type * Life-threatening laryngeal attacks were excluded from the randomized-controlled phase of Study 1 Attack Type * RUCONEST 50 U/kg n/N (%) Placebo n/N (%) Abdominal 14/16 (88%) 7/12 (58%) Facial 3/6 (50%) 0/2 (0%) Peripheral (extremities) 17/20 (85%) 7/14 (50%) In the OLE phase of Study 1, patients were treated with open-label RUCONEST 50 U/kg for repeated attacks of HAE. Forty-four patients who completed the RCT phase were enrolled into the OLE phase where they were treated for a total of 170 attacks. In this phase, the median time to beginning of relief of symptoms was 75 minutes [95% CI: (64, 90)], consistent with the results of the RCT phase of the study ( Table 6 ). Results were also comparable across attacks, suggesting that the efficacy of RUCONEST 50 U/kg was maintained over repeated attacks of HAE. In the OLE phase of Study 1, 5/170 (3%) attacks received a second dose of RUCONEST 50 U/kg. In Study 2 (North American RCT), patients were randomized to receive a single administration of either RUCONEST 50 U/kg (N=12), RUCONEST 100 U/kg (N=13) or placebo (N=13). Patients ranged in age from 17 to 66 years of age; 74% were female and 26% were male; and 92% were Caucasian. In Study 3 (European RCT), patients were randomized to receive a single administration of either RUCONEST 100 U/kg (N=16) or placebo (N=16). Patients ranged in age from 17 to 71 years of age: 53% were female and 47% were male; and 100% were Caucasian. Patients scored their symptoms using a visual analog scale (VAS) ranging from 0-100 mm. A VAS decrease of > 20 mm compared with baseline with persistence of the improvement at two consecutive time points was considered the onset of relief in Studies 2 and 3. In both Study 2 and 3, the efficacy of RUCONEST in the treatment of acute angioedema attacks was demonstrated by significantly shorter times to beginning of relief of symptoms based on the VAS (Figure 2). Figure 2. Mean VAS scores over time with 95% Confidence Intervals (Study 2 and 3, RCT Phase) In open-label extension studies of Study 2 and 3, 119 patients were treated with RUCONEST for a total of 362 acute angioedema attacks. As observed in Study 1, the efficacy of RUCONEST was maintained for repeat attacks. figure1 figure-two"],"adverse_reactions":["6 ADVERSE REACTIONS The serious adverse reaction in clinical studies of RUCONEST was anaphylaxis. The most common adverse reactions (≥ 2%) reported in all clinical trials were headache, nausea, and diarrhea. The serious adverse reaction reported in clinical trials was anaphylactic reaction. ( 6 ) The common adverse reactions (≥ 2%) reported in clinical trials were headache, nausea, and diarrhea. ( 6 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Pharming Healthcare Inc. at 1-800-930-5221 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, the adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in clinical practice. The RUCONEST clinical development program evaluated a combined total of 940 administrations in 236 subjects (symptomatic and non-symptomatic). In clinical studies, a total of 205 symptomatic HAE patients received treatment with RUCONEST for a combined total of 650 acute angioedema attacks. Among these HAE patients, 83 were treated for a single HAE attack and 122 were treated for multiple attacks. Three randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials (RCTs) were conducted in which 137 patients experiencing acute HAE attacks received RUCONEST (either an initial 50 U/kg or 100 U/kg body weight dose) or placebo (saline solution). Table 2 shows all adverse reactions (ARs) in the RCTs, compared with the placebo group. Table 2. Adverse reactions occurring In ≥ 2% of subjects in the three RCT studies MedDRA Preferred Term RUCONEST 100 U/kg (N=29) n (%) RUCONEST 50 U/kg* (N=66) n (%) Placebo** (N=47) n (%) Total number of patients with adverse reactions 4 (14%) 6 (9%) 13 (28%) Headache 3 (10%) 0 2 (4%) Sneezing 0 1 (2%) 0 Angioedema 1 (3%) 0 0 Erythema marginatum 0 1 (2%) 0 Skin burning sensation 0 1 (2%) 0 Back pain 0 2 (3%) 0 C-reactive protein increased 0 1 (2%) 0 Fibrin D-dimer increased 0 1 (2%) 0 Vertigo 1 (3%) 0 0 Procedural headache 0 1 (2%) 0 Lipoma 0 1 (2%) 0 * Includes 5 patients who received an additional 50 U/kg dose MedDRA: Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities, version 15.0. ** Events only occurring in placebo patients are not listed. Integrated RCT and Open-Label Extension (OLE) Studies In a total of seven RCT and OLE studies, 205 patients experiencing acute HAE attacks were treated with RUCONEST for a total of 650 HAE attacks. Included in this population were 124 patients who were treated at the 50 U/kg dosage strength for one or more attacks. Table 3 shows adverse reactions in ≥ 2% of patients in any RUCONEST group for the integrated dataset combining all seven RCT and OLE studies in patients experiencing acute HAE attacks. Table 3. Adverse reactions in the seven RCT and OLE studies occurring ≥ 2% of RUCONEST-treated patients (all doses), irrespective of causality MedDRA Preferred Term All RUCONEST doses* N=205 n (%) Headache 19 (9%) Nausea 5 (2%) Diarrhea 5 (2%) * RUCONEST doses: doses up to 100 U/kg MedDRA: Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities, version 15.0. Immunogenicity As with all therapeutic proteins, there is potential for immunogenicity. Pre- and post-exposure samples from 205 HAE patients treated for 650 acute attacks with RUCONEST were tested for the antibodies against plasma-derived C1INH or rhC1INH and for antibodies against host-related impurities (HRI). Testing was performed prior to and after treatment of a first attack and subsequent repeated attacks at 7, 22 or 28, and 90 days after RUCONEST treatment. Prior to the first exposure to RUCONEST, the frequency of anti-C1INH antibodies varied from 1.2% to 1.6% of samples. After the first exposure, the frequency of anti-C1INH antibodies varied from 0.6% to 1.0% of samples tested. After repeated exposures, the frequency of anti-C1INH antibodies varied from 0.5 to 2.2% of samples tested. The frequency of anti-HRI antibodies was 1.0% in pre-exposure samples, and after the first exposure varied from 3.5% to 4.6%. After repeated exposure, the frequency of anti-HRI antibodies varied from 5.7% to 17% of samples. At least 10% of subjects formed a specific antibody response to RUCONEST after five treated HAE attacks. No anti-C1INH neutralizing antibodies were detected. Observed anti-C1INH and anti-HRI antibodies were not associated with adverse clinical findings. The detection of antibody formation is highly dependent on the sensitivity and specificity of the assay. Additionally, the observed incidence of antibody (including neutralizing antibody) positivity in an assay may be influenced by several factors including assay methodology, sample handling, timing of sample collection, concomitant medications, and underlying disease. For these reasons, comparison of the incidence of antibodies to RUCONEST with the incidence of antibodies to other products may be misleading. Postmarketing Experience Because postmarketing reporting of adverse reactions is voluntary and from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate the frequency of these reactions or establish a causal relationship to product exposure. Adverse reactions in HAE patients receiving RUCONEST include abdominal pain and rash."],"contraindications":["4 CONTRAINDICATIONS RUCONEST is contraindicated in patients with a history of allergy to rabbits or rabbit-derived products. RUCONEST is contraindicated in patients with a history of life-threatening immediate hypersensitivity reactions to C1 esterase inhibitor preparations, including anaphylaxis. Known or suspected allergy to rabbits and rabbit-derived products. ( 4 ) History of immediate hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis, to C1 esterase inhibitor preparations. ( 4 )"],"description_table":["
Table 4. Viral reduction capacity of the rhC1INH manufacturing process
a MLV: Murine leukemia virus; REO-3: Reovirus type 3; ORF: Scab-mouth ORF virus; FCV: Feline calicivirus; PPV: Porcine parvovirus; b SP BB: SP Sepharose BB; SD: Solvent/detergent; Q HP: Q Sepharose HP; Zn FF: Zinc Chelating Sepharose FF; c Not added to the total reduction factor since independence of clearance mechanism has not been experimentally verified; d Not applicable since indicated model virus is not enveloped; e Not tested because SD chemicals are present in the starting material.
Virus Reduction Factor (Log 10)
Step MLV a REO 3 ORF FCV PPV
SP BB chromatography b 1.8 2.2 c 1.5 c 2.3 1.5 b
SD incubation b ≥ 5.8 NA d 3.7 NA NA
Q HP chromatography b NT e 4.8 NT 0.8 c 2.2
Zn FF chromatography b 1.1 c 3.2 c 3.3 1.9 c 0.4 c
Nanofiltration ≥ 5.5 ≥ 6.5 ≥ 5.8 ≥ 6.9 5.8
Total reduction factor ≥ 13.1 ≥ 11.3 ≥ 12.8 ≥ 9.2 8.0
"],"clinical_pharmacology":["12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 12.1 Mechanism of Action C1 esterase inhibitor (C1INH) is a normal constituent of human blood and is one of the serine protease inhibitors (serpins). The primary function of C1INH is to regulate the activation of the complement and contact system pathways. Regulation of these systems is performed through the formation of complexes between the protease and the inhibitor, resulting in inactivation of both and consumption of the C1INH. C1INH exerts its inhibitory effect by irreversibly binding several proteases (target proteases) of the contact and complement systems. The effect of RUCONEST on the following target proteases was assessed in vitro : activated C1s, kallikrein, factor XIIa and factor XIa. Inhibition kinetics were found to be comparable with those observed for plasma-derived human C1INH. HAE patients have low levels of endogenous or functional C1INH. Although the events that induce attacks of angioedema in HAE patients are not well defined, it is thought that contact system activation, and resulting increased vascular permeability lead to the clinical manifestation of HAE attacks. Suppression of contact system activation by C1INH through the inactivation of plasma kallikrein and factor XIIa is thought to modulate vascular permeability by preventing the generation of bradykinin. 3 Administration of RUCONEST increases plasma levels of functional C1INH activity. 12.2 Pharmacodynamics The complement component (protein) C4 is a substrate for activated C1. Patients with HAE have low levels of C4 in the circulation; RUCONEST shows a dose-dependent restoration of complement homeostasis of C4 in HAE patients. A dose of 50 U/kg of RUCONEST increases plasma C1INH activity levels to greater than 0.7 U/mL (the lower limit of normal) in HAE patients. 12.3 Pharmacokinetics The pharmacokinetics of RUCONEST was evaluated in a study of 12 asymptomatic HAE patients (dose ranged from 6.25 U/kg to 100 U/kg). Pharmacokinetics evaluation was performed by non-compartmental analysis, using functional C1INH levels. Following administration of RUCONEST (50 U/kg) in asymptomatic HAE patients ( Table 5 ), the mean Cmax was 1.2 U/mL, and the elimination half-life was approximately 2.5 hours. The clearance of RUCONEST was nonlinear (clearance decreased with increasing dose) over the dose range of 25-100 U/kg. Table 5. Baseline corrected pharmacokinetic parameters (Mean ± SD) of functional C1INH following administration of 50 U/kg and 100 U/kg RUCONEST to asymptomatic HAE patients Parameters 50 U/kg 100 U/kg C baseline (U/mL) 0.18 ± 0.12 0.14 ± 0.08 C max (U/mL) 1.2 ± 0.2 2.3 ± 0.2 T max (hours) 0.31 ± 0.10 0.31 ± 0.10 AUC (U x hr/mL) 3.3 ± 1.0 10.6 ± 2.5 CL (mL/hr) 1207 ± 414 781 ± 147 Half-life (hours) 2.4 ± 0.6 2.7 ± 0.3 V ss (L) 3.0 ± 0.9 2.4 ± 0.5 Studies have not been conducted to evaluate the PK of RUCONEST in special patient populations, identified by race, age (pediatric or geriatric), or the presence of renal or hepatic impairment."],"indications_and_usage":["1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE RUCONEST is a C1 esterase inhibitor [recombinant] indicated for the treatment of acute attacks in adult and adolescent patients with hereditary angioedema (HAE). Limitation of Use: Effectiveness was not established in HAE patients with laryngeal attacks. RUCONEST is a C1 esterase inhibitor [recombinant] indicated for the treatment of acute attacks in adult and adolescent patients with hereditary angioedema (HAE). ( 1 ) Limitation of Use: Effectiveness was not established in HAE patients with laryngeal attacks."],"warnings_and_cautions":["5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis may occur. Should symptoms occur, discontinue RUCONEST and administer appropriate treatment. ( 5.1 ) Serious arterial and venous thromboembolic (TE) events have been reported at the recommended dose of plasma derived C1 esterase inhibitor products in patients with risk factors. Monitor patients with known risk factors for TE events during and after RUCONEST administration. ( 5.2 ) 5.1 Hypersensitivity Severe hypersensitivity reactions may occur . The signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity reactions may include hives, generalized urticaria, tightness of the chest, wheezing, hypotension, and/or anaphylaxis during or after injection of RUCONEST. Should symptoms occur, discontinue RUCONEST and institute appropriate treatment. Because hypersensitivity reactions may have symptoms similar to HAE attacks, treatment methods should be carefully considered. [see Patient Counseling Information (17) ] 5.2 Thromboembolic Events Serious arterial and venous thromboembolic (TE) events have been reported at the recommended dose of plasma derived C1 esterase inhibitor products in patients with risk factors. Risk factors may include the presence of an indwelling venous catheter/access device, prior history of thrombosis, underlying atherosclerosis, use of oral contraceptives or certain androgens, morbid obesity, and immobility. Monitor patients with known risk factors for TE events during and after RUCONEST administration."],"clinical_studies_table":["
Table 6. Time to Beginning of Relief of Symptoms based on questionnaire based on TEQ (Study 1, RCT Phase)
Time to Beginning of Relief of Symptoms, minutes RUCONEST 50 U/kg N=44 Placebo N=31
Values that are not estimable are displayed as ‘- ’.
Median 90 152
95% CI (61, 150) (93, -)
Log-rank p-value 0.031
","
Table 7. Proportion of patients who achieved relief within 4 hours, by attack type
*Life-threatening laryngeal attacks were excluded from the randomized-controlled phase of Study 1
Attack Type * RUCONEST 50 U/kg n/N (%) Placebo n/N (%)
Abdominal 14/16 (88%) 7/12 (58%)
Facial 3/6 (50%) 0/2 (0%)
Peripheral (extremities) 17/20 (85%) 7/14 (50%)
"],"nonclinical_toxicology":["13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY 13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility No animal studies have been conducted to evaluate the effects of RUCONEST on carcinogenesis and mutagenesis. Fertility was not evaluated in animal studies. 13.2 Animal Toxicology and/or Pharmacology Single- and repeat-dose studies of up to 14 days in rats, dogs, and cynomolgus monkeys with daily doses of RUCONEST up to 80 times the human dose (50 U/kg) were conducted. In a 14-day monkey toxicology study of intravenous doses up to 2000 U/kg twice daily, increases in AST and ALP were observed at doses of 500 U/kg and higher. No histopathological correlates were observed in the liver and the increases in liver enzymes were reversible. Histologic findings included changes in the size of thymic cortex and medulla, and microvacuoles in the epithelial cells lining the renal tubules. The renal tubular vacuolation was dose dependent, but was not accompanied by other histological changes in the kidney. This finding was only partially reversible at the highest dose level of 2000 U/kg twice daily. It was concluded that the NOAEL of RUCONEST was 1000 U/kg twice daily in this species. There were no adverse findings in a safety pharmacology study in dogs and a local tolerance study in rabbits. It is concluded that preclinical toxicology data for daily doses up to 40 times the proposed human dose of RUCONEST (50 U/kg) do not indicate a safety concern for the use of RUCONEST in humans. Embryo-fetal studies have been conducted in rabbits and rats at a dose of RUCONEST 12.5 times the human dose of 50 U/kg. In rats, no malformed fetuses were observed. In rabbits, an increase in the incidence of fetal cardiac vessel defects was observed (1.12% [2 cases] in the treatment group compared to 0.03% in historical controls). These defects are considered to be a chance finding, but a RUCONEST-related effect cannot be excluded."],"adverse_reactions_table":["
MedDRA Preferred Term RUCONEST 100 U/kg (N=29) n (%) RUCONEST 50 U/kg* (N=66) n (%) Placebo** (N=47) n (%)
Total number of patients with adverse reactions 4 (14%) 6 (9%) 13 (28%)
Headache 3 (10%) 0 2 (4%)
Sneezing 0 1 (2%) 0
Angioedema 1 (3%) 0 0
Erythema marginatum 0 1 (2%) 0
Skin burning sensation 0 1 (2%) 0
Back pain 0 2 (3%) 0
C-reactive protein increased 0 1 (2%) 0
Fibrin D-dimer increased 0 1 (2%) 0
Vertigo 1 (3%) 0 0
Procedural headache 0 1 (2%) 0
Lipoma 0 1 (2%) 0
","
MedDRA Preferred Term All RUCONEST doses* N=205 n (%)
Headache 19 (9%)
Nausea 5 (2%)
Diarrhea 5 (2%)
"],"information_for_patients":["17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION Advise the patient to read the FDA-Approved patient labeling (Product Information and Instructions for Use). Patients being treated with RUCONEST should receive the following information and instructions. This information is intended to aid the patient in the safe and effective use of RUCONEST. Advise female patients to notify their physician if they are pregnant or intend to become pregnant during the treatment of acute attacks of HAE with RUCONEST. Advise patients to notify their physician if they are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. Inform patients of the risks and benefits of RUCONEST before prescribing or administering it to the patient. Advise patients to immediately report : Signs and symptoms of allergic hypersensitivity reactions, such as hives, urticaria, tightness of the chest, wheezing, hypotension and/or anaphylaxis experienced during or after injection of RUCONEST [ see WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS/Hypersensitivity ( 5 )]. Manufactured by: Pharming Americas B.V. Darwinweg 24 2333 CR Leiden The Netherlands RUCONEST ® is a registered trademark of Pharming Intellectual Property B.V. Distributed by: Pharming Healthcare Inc. Warren NJ 07059 Product protected by U.S patent Nos. 7,067,713 and RE43691. Please see www.ruconest.com for patent information. US License No. 2079 pharming"],"dosage_and_administration":["2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION For intravenous use after reconstitution only. For Intravenous Use Only. Reconstitute each vial (2100 U) by adding 14 mL sterile Water for Injection per vial to obtain a solution of 150 U per mL. ( 2.3 ) Administer the reconstituted solution at room temperature as a slow intravenous injection over approximately 5 minutes. ( 2.4 ) Appropriately trained patients may self-administer upon recognition of an HAE attack. ( 2.4 ) Recommended dose of RUCONEST for an acute attack Body weight RUCONEST Dose for Intravenous Injection Volume (mL) of Reconstituted Solution (150 U/mL) to be Administered < 84 kg 50 U per kg Body weight in kg divided by 3 ≥ 84 kg 4200 U (2 vials) 28 mL If the attack symptoms persist, an additional (second) dose can be administered at the recommended dose level. Do not exceed 4200 U per dose. No more than two doses should be administered within a 24-hour period. 2.1 Recommended Dosing Training on how to administer RUCONEST should be conducted by a qualified healthcare professional experienced in the treatment of HAE. Appropriately trained patients may self-administer upon recognition of an HAE attack. The recommended dose of RUCONEST is 50 U per kg with a maximum of 4200 U to be administered as a slow intravenous injection over approximately 5 minutes. If the attack symptoms persist, an additional (second) dose can be administered at the recommended dose level. Do not exceed 4200 U per dose. No more than two doses should be administered within a 24-hour period. Table 1. Recommended dose of RUCONEST for an acute attack Body Weight RUCONEST Dose for Intravenous Injection Volume (mL) of Reconstituted Solution (150 U/mL) to be Administered < 84 kg 50 U per kg Body weight in kg divided by 3 ≥ 84 kg 4200 U (2 vials) 28 mL 2.2 Preparation and Handling Store RUCONEST in the original carton and protect from light prior to reconstitution. Do not use after expiration date on the product vial label. Water for Injection is not included in the RUCONEST package. Use aseptic technique to reconstitute, mix the solution, and to combine the reconstituted solution from more than one vial ( see Reconstitution [ 2.3 ] and Administration [ 2.4 ]). Do not mix or administer RUCONEST with other medicinal products or solutions. Discard all partially used vials after treatment. 2.3 Reconstitution Each package contains one single-use vial of RUCONEST. To reconstitute, the following are also required: Sterile Water for Injection (diluent) - At least 14 mL per vial of RUCONEST requiring reconstitution. Antiseptic wipe Syringe Commercially available vial adapter and syringe luer lock or large bore needle. If using a syringe with vial adapter, use a new vial adapter for each vial of RUCONEST and diluent. The procedures below are provided as general guidelines for the reconstitution and administration of RUCONEST. Ensure that the RUCONEST vial and diluent vial are at room temperature. Remove the flip caps from the RUCONEST and diluent vials. Treat the vial stoppers with the antiseptic wipe and allow to dry. Using the syringe/needle or syringe/vial adapter, withdraw 14 mL of sterile water for injection from the diluent vial. Remove the syringe and transfer the diluent to the RUCONEST vial. Add the diluent slowly to avoid forceful impact on the powder. Swirl the vial slowly to mix and avoid foaming. Repeat this procedure using another 14 mL of diluent and a second vial of RUCONEST. If the same patient is to receive more than one vial, the contents of multiple vials may be pooled into a single administration device (i.e., syringe). Inspect RUCONEST visually for particulate matter and discoloration after reconstitution and prior to administration. The reconstituted solution should be colorless, clear, and free from visible particles. Do not use if the solution is cloudy, colored, or contains particulates. RUCONEST vial is for single-use only. Use the reconstituted product immediately, or within 8 hours stored at 36ºF - 46ºF (2º - 8ºC). Discard partially used vials. Do not freeze the reconstituted solution. 2.4 Administration Do not mix RUCONEST with other medicinal products. Administer RUCONEST by a separate infusion line. Use aseptic technique when administering RUCONEST. Follow recommended venipuncture guidelines for initiating intravenous therapy. Administer RUCONEST by slow intravenous injection over approximately 5 minutes. For self-administration, provide the patient with instructions and training for intravenous injection outside of a clinic setting so patients may self-administer RUCONEST upon recognition of symptoms of an HAE attack [see Patient Counseling Information ( 17 )]. After administration, immediately discard any unused product and all used disposable supplies in accordance with local requirements."],"spl_product_data_elements":["Ruconest c1 esterase inhibitor recombinant SUCROSE SODIUM CITRATE, UNSPECIFIED FORM CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE CONESTAT ALFA CONESTAT ALFA"],"dosage_forms_and_strengths":["3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS RUCONEST is available as a lyophilized powder for reconstitution for injection in a single-use 25 mL glass vial. Each vial contains 2100 U of rhC1INH. 2100 U Lyophilized powder for reconstitution for injection in a single-use vial. ( 3 )"],"spl_patient_package_insert":["FDA-Approved Patient Labeling - Patient Product Information (PPI) RUCONEST ® (ROO-Ko-nest) ( C1 esterase inhibitor [recombinant]) Lyophilized powder for reconstitution for injection in a single-use vial This leaflet summarizes important information about RUCONEST. Please read it carefully each time before using RUCONEST. There may be new information provided. This information does not take the place of talking with your healthcare provider, and it does not include all of the important information about RUCONEST. If you have any questions after reading this, ask your healthcare provider. What is RUCONEST? RUCONEST is an injectable medicine that is used to treat acute angioedema attacks in adult and adolescent patients with Hereditary Angioedema (HAE). HAE is caused by a shortage of a protein called C1 esterase inhibitor, that is present in your blood and helps control inflammation (swelling) and parts of the immune system. A shortage of C1 esterase inhibitor can lead to repeated attacks of swelling, pain in the abdomen, difficulty breathing and other symptoms. RUCONEST contains C1 esterase inhibitor. Who should not use RUCONEST? You should not use RUCONEST if you have a known or suspected allergy (hypersensitivity) to rabbits or rabbit-derived products. You should not use RUCONEST if you have experienced life-threatening immediate hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis, to RUCONEST or to any other C1 esterase inhibitor product. RUCONEST is not indicated for use in children under the age of 13 years. What should I tell my healthcare provider before using RUCONEST? Tell your healthcare provider about all of your medical conditions, including if you: have an allergy to rabbits since this can put you at high risk of a serious allergic reaction with RUCONEST. These allergy symptoms could include runny nose, itchy nose, sneezing, coughing, wheezing, difficulty breathing or watery eyes when you are near rabbits. are pregnant or planning to become pregnant. It is not known if RUCONEST can harm your unborn baby. are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. It is not known if RUCONEST passes to your milk and if it can harm your baby. Tell your healthcare provider and pharmacist about all of the medicines you take, including all prescription and non-prescription medicines such as over-the-counter medicines, supplements, or herbal remedies. How is RUCONEST given? RUCONEST will be slowly injected into your vein (intravenous injection). Before injection, the RUCONEST powder must be dissolved using sterile Water for Injection. The dose will be determined based on your weight. Most of the time a single dose of RUCONEST is enough to treat an attack, but a second dose may be needed. What are the possible side effects of RUCONEST? Like all medicines, RUCONEST can cause side effects, although not everybody gets them. Allergic reactions may occur with RUCONEST. Call your healthcare provider or the emergency department immediately if you have any of the following symptoms after receiving RUCONEST: wheezing difficulty breathing chest tightness turning blue (look at lips and gums) fast heartbeat swelling faintness rash hives In clinical studies, the most severe side effect reported in a person who received RUCONEST was a severe allergic reaction in a subject who was allergic to rabbits. Other side effects patients experienced during clinical research studies include: headache nausea diarrhea These are not all the possible side effects of RUCONEST. If any of the side effects get serious, or if you notice any side effects not listed in the leaflet, please inform your healthcare provider or pharmacist. You can also report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch or contact Pharming Healthcare Inc. at 1-800-930-5221. You can ask your healthcare provider for information about RUCONEST that is written for healthcare providers. General Information about RUCONEST Do not use RUCONEST for a condition for which it is not prescribed. If you would like more information, talk to your healthcare provider. You can ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist for information about RUCONEST that was written for healthcare professionals. For more information go to www.ruconest.com or call 1-800-930-5221. RECOMMENDED PREPARATION OF MEDICATION AND MATERIALS Use aseptic (sterile) technique when preparing and administering RUCONEST. Step 1: Assemble supplies from medication box on a clean flat surface. 2 single-use vials of RUCONEST Sterile Water for Injection (diluent), 14mL per vial of RUCONEST to be reconstituted. Antiseptic wipes 1 syringe, 30 mL Needle-free, vented or non-vented vial adapters (or large bore needle). Use a new vial adapter for each vial of RUCONEST and diluent. Step 2: Inspect the RUCONEST vial. Do not use if: The protective cap is missing The expiration date (see label) has passed Step 3: Wash hands. Thoroughly wash and dry your hands DOSAGE VERIFICATION Discuss this section with your healthcare provider to ensure that the correct dose of RUCONEST is administered. The dose of RUCONEST and volume (mL) of reconstituted solution to be administered is based on body weight show in the chart below. No more than 2 vials may be combined for a single dose. Body weight RUCONEST dose for intravenous injection Volume (mL) of reconstituted solution (150 U/mL) to be administered <84 kg (185.2 lb) 50 U per kg of body weight Body weight in kg divided by 3 ≥84 kg (185.2 lb) 4200 U (2 vials) 28 mL RECONSTITUTION The procedures below are provided as general guidelines for the reconstitution of RUCONEST. Step 1: Ensure that the RUCONEST vials and the diluent vial are at room temperature (range of 68°F - 77°F or 20°C - 25°C). The RUCONEST vial is for single Step 2: Place the 2 RUCONEST vials and the diluent vial on a flat surface and remove the flip caps on each vial Wipe the vial stoppers with the antiseptic wipes provided and allow to dry for 30 seconds. Do not blow on the stoppers after wiping. Do not touch the stopper with your hands, or allow it to touch any surface. Step 3: Peel back the covers from the clear plastic vial adapter packages. Leave the adapters in their packages. Step 4: While holding the adapter in its package, place the first adapter over the diluent vial and press down until the device snaps into place. Leave the package on the adapter until you are ready to attach the syringe. Step 5: Now, place a 2nd adapter over a RUCONEST vial and press down until it snaps into place. Repeat if your dose requires a 2nd RUCONEST vial. Step 6: Lift the package away from the diluent adapter. Step 7: Remove syringe from package and withdraw sterile water for injection from the diluent vial. With vial on a flat surface, attach syringe to adapter on diluent vial by rotating syringe clockwise. Turn diluent vial upside down and slowly withdraw either 14 mL (if using 1 RUCONEST vial) or 28 mL (if using 2 RUCONEST vials) of diluent into syringe by gently pulling back on the plunger. There will still be some diluent left in the vial. Place the diluent vial back on a flat surface and detach syringe by gently pulling the syringe and rotating counterclockwise. Step 8: Transfer the diluent to the RUCONEST vial. Remove the package from the adapter connected to one of the RUCONEST vials. Attach the syringe holding the diluent to the adapter on the RUCONEST vial by inserting the tip into the adapter opening while firmly pushing and rotating the syringe clockwise. Slowly press 14 mL of diluent into the RUCONEST vial. Add the diluent slowly to avoid forceful impact on the powder. Note: Leave the syringe attached to the vial after adding the diluent. Step 9: Swirl the vial to mix. Do this slowly to avoid foaming. Repeat Steps 8 and 9 if you are using a second RUCONEST vial. Remove syringe from the first RUCONEST vial prior to attaching to the second vial. Step 10: Inspect RUCONEST vial(s) visually. After reconstitution and prior to administration, inspect the RUCONEST vials visually for particulate matter and discoloration. The reconstituted solution should be colorless, clear, and free from visible particles. Do not use the vial if it looks cloudy, contains particles, or has changed color. Step 11: With the syringe still connected to the RUCONEST vial, turn the vial upside down. Slowly withdraw your dose of RUCONEST by gently pulling back on the plunger. Once you have withdrawn your dose, turn the vial right side up and place on a flat surface. Disconnect the syringe by gently pulling and rotating counterclockwise. Step 12: Repeat Step 11 and withdraw additional reconstituted RUCONEST from the second RUCONEST vial (if needed). Withdraw only as much as is needed based on your body weight. Disconnect the syringe, for use as described in the next section. SELF-ADMINISTRATION (intravenous injection) Your healthcare provider will teach you how to safely administer RUCONEST. It is important that you inject RUCONEST directly into a visible vein. Do not inject into surrounding tissues or an artery. Once you learn how to self-administer, follow the instructions provided below. The reconstituted solution should be used within 8 hours and should be cooled but not be frozen. Step 1: Assemble supplies. Gather the RUCONEST syringe, the following disposable supplies (not provided with RUCONEST), and other items: Standard butterfly catheter infusion set (IV administration set with winged adapter and needle) Sterile syringe Tourniquet Sterile gauze and tape or transparent dressing Bandage (adhesive dressing) Gloves (if recommended by your healthcare provider) Antiseptic wipe for cleaning skin Other items (not shown) Clock or stopwatch to monitor time Sharps or other disposal container Treatment diary Step 2: Clean surface. Thoroughly clean a table or other flat surface using one or more of the antiseptic wipes. Step 3: Prime the infusion set. As instructed by your healthcare provider: To prime (fill) the infusion tubing, connect the syringe filled with RUCONEST to the infusion set tubing and gently push on the syringe plunger to fill the tubing with RUCONEST. Step 4: Prepare the approved IV injection site. Apply a tourniquet above the site of the infusion. Prepare the injection site by wiping the skin well with an antiseptic wipe, beginning at the center and working outward in a circular motion. Allow the site to dry. Step 5: Start infusion. Follow the instructions provided by your healthcare provider. Take off the needle sheath. Hold both wings of the butterfly between the thumb and the index finger with the obliquely cut (slanted) opening of the butterfly needle pointing upward. Insert the butterfly needle of the infusion set into your vein (insert as flat to skin surface as possible). Use sterile gauze and tape or transparent dressing to hold the needle in place. Make sure the needle is in a vein: Gently pull back on the syringe plunger and check to see if blood is in the tubing. If there is blood present, then the needle is in a vein. If there is no blood, remove the needle and repeat this step using a new needle, new administration tubing, and a different injection site. Remove the tourniquet. Note: Inject RUCONEST slowly over approximately 5 minutes. Step 6: Cover the injection site and clean up. After all of the RUCONEST has been infused: Withdraw the butterfly needle along the line that it was inserted. Cover the injection site with a bandage, holding pressure on the site for a few minutes. Dispose of all unused solution, empty vials, and used needles and syringe in an appropriate container used for medical waste. POST-ADMINISTRATION The procedures below are provided as general guidelines for after the infusion of RUCONEST. Record each injection into treatment journal. Record the lot number from the RUCONEST vial label. Enter the date and time of your injection. This Patient Package Insert has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Manufactured by: Pharming Americas B.V. Darwinweg 24 2333 CR Leiden The Netherlands RUCONEST ® is a registered trademark of Pharming Intellectual Property B.V. Distributed by: Pharming Healthcare Inc. Warren NJ 07059 Product protected by U.S. patent Nos. 7,067,713 and RE43691. Please see www.ruconest.com for patent information. US License No. 2079 Revised: APR 2020 step1 step2 step3 reconstitution-step2 reconstitution-step4 reconstitution-step5 reconstitution-step7 reconstitution-step8 reconstitution-step9 reconstitution-step10 reconstitution-step11a reconstitution-step11b self-step1 self-step3 self-step4 self-step5a self-step5b self-step5c self-step6 pharming"],"clinical_pharmacology_table":["
Table 5. Baseline corrected pharmacokinetic parameters (Mean ± SD) of functional C1INH following administration of 50 U/kg and 100 U/kg RUCONEST to asymptomatic HAE patients
Parameters 50 U/kg 100 U/kg
C baseline (U/mL) 0.18 ± 0.12 0.14 ± 0.08
C max (U/mL) 1.2 ± 0.2 2.3 ± 0.2
T max (hours) 0.31 ± 0.10 0.31 ± 0.10
AUC (U x hr/mL) 3.3 ± 1.0 10.6 ± 2.5
CL (mL/hr) 1207 ± 414 781 ± 147
Half-life (hours) 2.4 ± 0.6 2.7 ± 0.3
V ss (L) 3.0 ± 0.9 2.4 ± 0.5
"],"use_in_specific_populations":["8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS 8.1 Pregnancy Risk Summary There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of RUCONEST in pregnant women. In the U.S. general population, regardless of drug exposure, available data suggest that major birth defects occur in 2 to 4% of the general population and miscarriage occurs in 15 to 20% of clinically recognized pregnancies. Data Human Data Limited available postmarketing safety data with RUCONEST use in pregnant women do not indicate any adverse effects in this population. In a retrospective case collection study, 14 pregnant women aged 17 to 37 years with HAE received RUCONEST at 50 U/kg (max 4200 U) via intravenous administration for treatment of acute atttacks or for prophylaxis during pregnancy. For all 14 women in this study, delivery at full term with the births of healthy babies occurred without complications. No adverse events related to RUCONEST treatment were reported during the pregnancy period. 1,2 However these data cannot definitely establish the absence of any risk because of the small sample size and non-randomized study design. Animal Data Embryo toxicity with 625 U/kg of RUCONEST (12.5 times the human dose) was tested after intravenous dosing of pregnant rats in a segment II (embryofetal toxicity) study design. There were no significant outcomes from this study. Dosing of pregnant rabbits with 625 U/kg during organogenesis showed no drug-related adverse effects on either the developing fetuses or mothers [see Animal Toxicology and/or Pharmacology (13.2)]. 8.2 Lactation Risk Summary There are no data on the presence of RUCONEST in human milk, its effects on the breastfed infant, or its effects on milk production. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother's clinical need for RUCONEST and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed child from RUCONEST or from the underlying maternal condition. 8.4 Pediatric Use The safety and efficacy of RUCONEST were evaluated in 17 adolescent patients (13-17 years of age) treated for 52 HAE attacks. Eight out of 17 (47%) adolescent patients experienced adverse reactions. No serious adverse reactions were reported in these patients. The most common reactions (occurring in at least 2 patients) were: abdominal pain, headache, and oropharyngeal pain. 8.5 Geriatric Use The clinical studies of RUCONEST included seven patients older than 65 years. The clinical studies included an insufficient number of patients in this age group to determine if they respond differently from younger patients."],"dosage_and_administration_table":["
Body weight RUCONEST Dose for Intravenous Injection Volume (mL) of Reconstituted Solution (150 U/mL) to be Administered
< 84 kg 50 U per kg Body weight in kg divided by 3
≥ 84 kg 4200 U (2 vials) 28 mL
","
Table 1. Recommended dose of RUCONEST for an acute attack
Body Weight RUCONEST Dose for Intravenous Injection Volume (mL) of Reconstituted Solution (150 U/mL) to be Administered
< 84 kg 50 U per kg Body weight in kg divided by 3
≥ 84 kg 4200 U (2 vials) 28 mL
"],"spl_patient_package_insert_table":["
RECOMMENDED PREPARATION OF MEDICATION AND MATERIALS
Use aseptic (sterile) technique when preparing and administering RUCONEST.
Step 1: Assemble supplies from medication box on a clean flat surface. 2 single-use vials of RUCONEST Sterile Water for Injection (diluent), 14mL per vial of RUCONEST to be reconstituted. Antiseptic wipes 1 syringe, 30 mL Needle-free, vented or non-vented vial adapters (or large bore needle). Use a new vial adapter for each vial of RUCONEST and diluent.
Step 2: Inspect the RUCONEST vial. Do not use if: The protective cap is missing The expiration date (see label) has passed
Step 3: Wash hands. Thoroughly wash and dry your hands
","
Body weight RUCONEST dose for intravenous injection Volume (mL) of reconstituted solution (150 U/mL) to be administered
<84 kg (185.2 lb) 50 U per kg of body weight Body weight in kg divided by 3
≥84 kg (185.2 lb) 4200 U (2 vials) 28 mL
","
RECONSTITUTION The procedures below are provided as general guidelines for the reconstitution of RUCONEST.
Step 1: Ensure that the RUCONEST vials and the diluent vial are at room temperature (range of 68°F - 77°F or 20°C - 25°C). The RUCONEST vial is for single
Step 2: Place the 2 RUCONEST vials and the diluent vial on a flat surface and remove the flip caps on each vial Wipe the vial stoppers with the antiseptic wipes provided and allow to dry for 30 seconds. Do not blow on the stoppers after wiping. Do not touch the stopper with your hands, or allow it to touch any surface.
Step 3: Peel back the covers from the clear plastic vial adapter packages. Leave the adapters in their packages.
Step 4: While holding the adapter in its package, place the first adapter over the diluent vial and press down until the device snaps into place. Leave the package on the adapter until you are ready to attach the syringe.
Step 5: Now, place a 2nd adapter over a RUCONEST vial and press down until it snaps into place. Repeat if your dose requires a 2nd RUCONEST vial.
Step 6: Lift the package away from the diluent adapter.
Step 7: Remove syringe from package and withdraw sterile water for injection from the diluent vial. With vial on a flat surface, attach syringe to adapter on diluent vial by rotating syringe clockwise. Turn diluent vial upside down and slowly withdraw either 14 mL (if using 1 RUCONEST vial) or 28 mL (if using 2 RUCONEST vials) of diluent into syringe by gently pulling back on the plunger. There will still be some diluent left in the vial. Place the diluent vial back on a flat surface and detach syringe by gently pulling the syringe and rotating counterclockwise.
Step 8: Transfer the diluent to the RUCONEST vial. Remove the package from the adapter connected to one of the RUCONEST vials. Attach the syringe holding the diluent to the adapter on the RUCONEST vial by inserting the tip into the adapter opening while firmly pushing and rotating the syringe clockwise. Slowly press 14 mL of diluent into the RUCONEST vial. Add the diluent slowly to avoid forceful impact on the powder. Note: Leave the syringe attached to the vial after adding the diluent.
Step 9: Swirl the vial to mix. Do this slowly to avoid foaming. Repeat Steps 8 and 9 if you are using a second RUCONEST vial. Remove syringe from the first RUCONEST vial prior to attaching to the second vial.
Step 10: Inspect RUCONEST vial(s) visually. After reconstitution and prior to administration, inspect the RUCONEST vials visually for particulate matter and discoloration. The reconstituted solution should be colorless, clear, and free from visible particles. Do not use the vial if it looks cloudy, contains particles, or has changed color.
Step 11: With the syringe still connected to the RUCONEST vial, turn the vial upside down. Slowly withdraw your dose of RUCONEST by gently pulling back on the plunger. Once you have withdrawn your dose, turn the vial right side up and place on a flat surface. Disconnect the syringe by gently pulling and rotating counterclockwise.
Step 12: Repeat Step 11 and withdraw additional reconstituted RUCONEST from the second RUCONEST vial (if needed). Withdraw only as much as is needed based on your body weight. Disconnect the syringe, for use as described in the next section.
SELF-ADMINISTRATION (intravenous injection) Your healthcare provider will teach you how to safely administer RUCONEST. It is important that you inject RUCONEST directly into a visible vein. Do not inject into surrounding tissues or an artery. Once you learn how to self-administer, follow the instructions provided below. The reconstituted solution should be used within 8 hours and should be cooled but not be frozen.
Step 1: Assemble supplies. Gather the RUCONEST syringe, the following disposable supplies (not provided with RUCONEST), and other items: Standard butterfly catheter infusion set (IV administration set with winged adapter and needle) Sterile syringe Tourniquet Sterile gauze and tape or transparent dressing Bandage (adhesive dressing) Gloves (if recommended by your healthcare provider) Antiseptic wipe for cleaning skin Other items (not shown) Clock or stopwatch to monitor time Sharps or other disposal container Treatment diary
Step 2: Clean surface. Thoroughly clean a table or other flat surface using one or more of the antiseptic wipes.
Step 3: Prime the infusion set. As instructed by your healthcare provider: To prime (fill) the infusion tubing, connect the syringe filled with RUCONEST to the infusion set tubing and gently push on the syringe plunger to fill the tubing with RUCONEST.
Step 4: Prepare the approved IV injection site. Apply a tourniquet above the site of the infusion. Prepare the injection site by wiping the skin well with an antiseptic wipe, beginning at the center and working outward in a circular motion. Allow the site to dry.
Step 5: Start infusion. Follow the instructions provided by your healthcare provider. Take off the needle sheath. Hold both wings of the butterfly between the thumb and the index finger with the obliquely cut (slanted) opening of the butterfly needle pointing upward. Insert the butterfly needle of the infusion set into your vein (insert as flat to skin surface as possible). Use sterile gauze and tape or transparent dressing to hold the needle in place. Make sure the needle is in a vein: Gently pull back on the syringe plunger and check to see if blood is in the tubing. If there is blood present, then the needle is in a vein. If there is no blood, remove the needle and repeat this step using a new needle, new administration tubing, and a different injection site. Remove the tourniquet. Note: Inject RUCONEST slowly over approximately 5 minutes.
Step 6: Cover the injection site and clean up. After all of the RUCONEST has been infused: Withdraw the butterfly needle along the line that it was inserted. Cover the injection site with a bandage, holding pressure on the site for a few minutes. Dispose of all unused solution, empty vials, and used needles and syringe in an appropriate container used for medical waste.
POST-ADMINISTRATION The procedures below are provided as general guidelines for after the infusion of RUCONEST.
Record each injection into treatment journal. Record the lot number from the RUCONEST vial label. Enter the date and time of your injection.
"],"animal_pharmacology_and_or_toxicology":["13.2 Animal Toxicology and/or Pharmacology Single- and repeat-dose studies of up to 14 days in rats, dogs, and cynomolgus monkeys with daily doses of RUCONEST up to 80 times the human dose (50 U/kg) were conducted. In a 14-day monkey toxicology study of intravenous doses up to 2000 U/kg twice daily, increases in AST and ALP were observed at doses of 500 U/kg and higher. No histopathological correlates were observed in the liver and the increases in liver enzymes were reversible. Histologic findings included changes in the size of thymic cortex and medulla, and microvacuoles in the epithelial cells lining the renal tubules. The renal tubular vacuolation was dose dependent, but was not accompanied by other histological changes in the kidney. This finding was only partially reversible at the highest dose level of 2000 U/kg twice daily. It was concluded that the NOAEL of RUCONEST was 1000 U/kg twice daily in this species. There were no adverse findings in a safety pharmacology study in dogs and a local tolerance study in rabbits. It is concluded that preclinical toxicology data for daily doses up to 40 times the proposed human dose of RUCONEST (50 U/kg) do not indicate a safety concern for the use of RUCONEST in humans. Embryo-fetal studies have been conducted in rabbits and rats at a dose of RUCONEST 12.5 times the human dose of 50 U/kg. In rats, no malformed fetuses were observed. In rabbits, an increase in the incidence of fetal cardiac vessel defects was observed (1.12% [2 cases] in the treatment group compared to 0.03% in historical controls). These defects are considered to be a chance finding, but a RUCONEST-related effect cannot be excluded."],"package_label_principal_display_panel":["Package Label/Principal Display Panel - 2100 U Vial Label RUCONEST® C1 esterase inhibitor (recombinant) 2100 U NDC 71274-350-01 For intravenous use only. For single patient use. See prescribing information for directions for use. Rx only Label","Package Label/Principal Display Panel - 2100 U Carton RUCONEST® C1 esterase inhibitor (recombinant) 2100 U NDC 71274-350-02 For intravenous use only. For single patient use. See prescribing information for directions for use. Rx only Carton"],"carcinogenesis_and_mutagenesis_and_impairment_of_fertility":["13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility No animal studies have been conducted to evaluate the effects of RUCONEST on carcinogenesis and mutagenesis. Fertility was not evaluated in animal studies."]},"tags":[{"label":"Biologic","category":"modality"},{"label":"B06AC04","category":"atc"},{"label":"Intravenous","category":"route"},{"label":"Injection","category":"form"},{"label":"Active","category":"status"},{"label":"Hereditary C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency - deficient factor","category":"indication"},{"label":"Pharming Group N.V.","category":"company"}],"phase":"marketed","safety":{"boxedWarnings":[],"safetySignals":[{"llr":662.831,"date":"","count":118,"signal":"Pharyngeal swelling","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 118 times (LLR=663)"},{"llr":529.304,"date":"","count":96,"signal":"Hereditary angioedema","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 96 times (LLR=529)"},{"llr":346.5,"date":"","count":131,"signal":"Intentional product use issue","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 131 times (LLR=346)"},{"llr":136.953,"date":"","count":77,"signal":"Product use in unapproved indication","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 77 times (LLR=137)"},{"llr":116.879,"date":"","count":14,"signal":"Vascular access site complication","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 14 times (LLR=117)"},{"llr":91.568,"date":"","count":35,"signal":"Drug ineffective for unapproved indication","source":"DrugCentral FAERS","actionTaken":"Reported 35 times (LLR=92)"}],"commonSideEffects":[{"effect":"Headache","drugRate":"9%","severity":"common","_validated":true},{"effect":"Nausea","drugRate":"2%","severity":"common","_validated":true},{"effect":"Diarrhea","drugRate":"2%","severity":"common","_validated":true},{"effect":"Anaphylactic reaction","drugRate":"reported","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Abdominal pain","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Rash","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Sneezing","drugRate":"2%","severity":"mild","_validated":true},{"effect":"Angioedema","drugRate":"3%","severity":"mild","_validated":true},{"effect":"Erythema marginatum","drugRate":"2%","severity":"mild","_validated":true},{"effect":"Skin burning sensation","drugRate":"2%","severity":"mild","_validated":true},{"effect":"Back pain","drugRate":"3%","severity":"mild","_validated":true},{"effect":"C-reactive protein increased","drugRate":"2%","severity":"mild","_validated":true},{"effect":"Fibrin D-dimer increased","drugRate":"2%","severity":"mild","_validated":true},{"effect":"Vertigo","drugRate":"3%","severity":"mild","_validated":true},{"effect":"Lipoma","drugRate":"2%","severity":"mild","_validated":true}],"specialPopulations":{"Pregnancy":"There are no adequate and well-controlled studies of RUCONEST in pregnant women. In the U.S. general population, regardless of drug exposure, available data suggest that major birth defects occur in to 4% of the general population and miscarriage occurs in 15 to 20% of clinically recognized pregnancies.","Geriatric use":"The clinical studies of RUCONEST included seven patients older than 65 years. The clinical studies included an insufficient number of patients in this age group to determine if they respond differently from younger patients.","Paediatric use":"The safety and efficacy of RUCONEST were evaluated in 17 adolescent patients (13-17 years of age) treated for 52 HAE attacks. Eight out of 17 (47%) adolescent patients experienced adverse reactions. No serious adverse reactions were reported in these patients. The most common reactions (occurring in at least patients) were: abdominal pain, headache, and oropharyngeal pain."}},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"company":"Pharming Group N.V.","patents":[],"pricing":[],"_sources":{"trials":{"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=CONESTAT ALFA","method":"api_direct","source":"ClinicalTrials.gov","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"ctgov","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:15:32.586600+00:00"},"timeline":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conestat Alfa","method":"deterministic","source":"Wikipedia","rawText":"","confidence":0.8,"sourceType":"wikipedia","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:15:39.714349+00:00"},"regulatory.ca":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"Health Canada DPD","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"health_canada_dpd","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:15:38.147816+00:00"},"regulatory.eu":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"European Medicines Agency","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"ema_api","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:15:32.658685+00:00"},"publicationCount":{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=CONESTAT ALFA","method":"api_direct","source":"PubMed/NCBI","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"pubmed","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:15:38.453663+00:00"},"administration.route":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:15:31.298796+00:00"},"safety.boxedWarnings":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label (no boxed warning)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:15:31.298825+00:00"},"mechanism.target_chembl":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL mechanism: Plasma protease C1 inhibitor exogenous protein","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:15:39.714277+00:00"},"crossReferences.chemblId":{"url":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/compound_report_card/CHEMBL2108350/","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL (EMBL-EBI)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:15:39.216254+00:00"},"regulatory.fda_application":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label","rawText":"BLA125495","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:15:31.298829+00:00"}},"allNames":"ruconest","offLabel":[],"synonyms":["conestat alfa","ruconest","recombinant human c1-inhibitor"],"timeline":[{"date":"2010-10-28","type":"positive","source":"DrugCentral","milestone":"EMA approval (Pharming Group N.V.)"}],"approvals":[{"date":"2010-10-28","orphan":false,"company":"Pharming Group N.V.","regulator":"EMA"}],"brandName":"Ruconest","ecosystem":[{"indication":"Hereditary C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency - deficient factor","otherDrugs":[],"globalPrevalence":null}],"mechanism":{"modality":"Biologic","explanation":"","oneSentence":"","technicalDetail":"Ruconest (CONESTAT ALFA) is a recombinant human C1 esterase inhibitor that mimics the natural protein, providing a replacement for the deficient factor in patients with Hereditary C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency."},"_wikipedia":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C1-inhibitor","title":"C1-inhibitor","extract":"C1-inhibitor is a protease inhibitor belonging to the serpin superfamily. Its main function is the inhibition of the complement system to prevent spontaneous activation but also as the major regulator of the contact system."},"commercial":{},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/5152","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=CONESTAT%20ALFA","fields":["trials"],"source":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"id":3,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=CONESTAT ALFA","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"},{"id":4,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C1-inhibitor","fields":["history","overview"],"source":"Wikipedia"}],"_emaChecked":true,"_enrichedAt":"2026-03-30T10:17:11.995160","_validation":{"fieldsValidated":0,"lastValidatedAt":"2026-04-20T00:15:42.482890+00:00","fieldsConflicting":1,"overallConfidence":0.8},"biosimilars":[{"form":"INJECTION, POWDER, FOR SOLUTION","route":"INTRAVENOUS","company":"Bioconnection B.V.","brandName":"Ruconest","isOriginal":"","marketingStatus":"BLA"}],"competitors":[{"drugName":"icatibant","drugSlug":"icatibant","fdaApproval":"2011-08-25","genericCount":10,"patentStatus":"Off-patent — generic available","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"ecallantide","drugSlug":"ecallantide","fdaApproval":"2009-11-27","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"lanadelumab","drugSlug":"lanadelumab","fdaApproval":"2018-08-23","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugName":"berotralstat","drugSlug":"berotralstat","fdaApproval":"2020-12-03","patentExpiry":"Sep 9, 2035","patentStatus":"Patent protected","relationship":"same-class"}],"genericName":"conestat alfa","indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Hereditary C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency - deficient factor","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":234619000,"regulator":"FDA","eligibility":{"Hereditary Angioedema (HAE)":{"Adults":"adult patients","Adolescents":"adolescent patients","Limitation of Use":"Effectiveness not established in HAE patients with laryngeal attacks"}}}],"offLabel":[],"pipeline":[]},"drugCategory":"active","labelChanges":[],"relatedDrugs":[{"drugId":"icatibant","brandName":"icatibant","genericName":"icatibant","approvalYear":"2011","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"ecallantide","brandName":"ecallantide","genericName":"ecallantide","approvalYear":"2009","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"lanadelumab","brandName":"lanadelumab","genericName":"lanadelumab","approvalYear":"2018","relationship":"same-class"},{"drugId":"berotralstat","brandName":"berotralstat","genericName":"berotralstat","approvalYear":"2020","relationship":"same-class"}],"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT06919003","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Improving Deceased-Donor Kidney Transplant Outcomes Via a Single Intragraft Injection of C1 Esterase Inhibitor (IMPROVE TRIAL)","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)","startDate":"2025-09-22","conditions":["Kidney Transplant"],"enrollment":180,"completionDate":"2032-05-30"},{"nctId":"NCT04705831","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Study to Evaluate the Benefit of RUCONEST in Improving Neurological Symptoms in Post COVID-19 Infection","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"IMMUNOe Research Centers","startDate":"2021-01-11","conditions":["Post-Viral Fatigue Syndrome","Post-Viral Disorder (Disorder)","Covid19"],"enrollment":40,"completionDate":"2024-07-01"},{"nctId":"NCT01397864","phase":"","title":"C1 Inhibitor Registry in the Treatment of Hereditary Angioedema (HAE) Attacks","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Pharming Technologies B.V.","startDate":"2011-07","conditions":["Hereditary Angioedema"],"enrollment":181,"completionDate":"2024-12-10"},{"nctId":"NCT05145283","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Recombinant Human C1 Esterase Inhibitor (Conestat Alfa) in the Prevention of Acute Ischemic Cerebral and Renal Events After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland","startDate":"2022-03-16","conditions":["Acute Ischemic Stroke","Acute Renal Injury"],"enrollment":250,"completionDate":"2025-12"},{"nctId":"NCT06359782","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Complement Inhibition: Attacking the Overshooting Inflammation @Fter Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (CIAO@SAH)","status":"RECRUITING","sponsor":"Haaglanden Medical Centre","startDate":"2024-11-04","conditions":["Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, Aneurysmal"],"enrollment":128,"completionDate":"2027-03"},{"nctId":"NCT04696146","phase":"PHASE1,PHASE2","title":"Berinert (C1INH) vs Placebo for DGF/IRI","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Cedars-Sinai Medical Center","startDate":"2021-03-03","conditions":["End Stage Renal Disease","Chronic Kidney Diseases"],"enrollment":45,"completionDate":"2024-10-31"},{"nctId":"NCT06690047","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Treatment of Hereditary Angioedema Prodrome with Recombinant C1-esterase Inhibitor (Ruconest)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Bernstein Clinical Research Center","startDate":"2018-08-14","conditions":["Hereditary Angioedema"],"enrollment":5,"completionDate":"2022-04-28"},{"nctId":"NCT06679426","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Safety and Efficacy of Conestat Alfa for ACE-Induced Angioedema","status":"NOT_YET_RECRUITING","sponsor":"University of Cincinnati","startDate":"2024-12-01","conditions":["ACE Inhibitor-Induced Angioedema"],"enrollment":24,"completionDate":"2025-12"},{"nctId":"NCT02251041","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Combined Drug Approach to Prevent Ischemia-reperfusion Injury During Transplantation of Livers (CAPITL)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Universitaire Ziekenhuizen KU Leuven","startDate":"2014-09","conditions":["Reperfusion Injury"],"enrollment":143,"completionDate":"2019-08"},{"nctId":"NCT03697187","phase":"","title":"Patient Registry to Evaluate the Real-world Safety of Ruconest®","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Pharming Technologies B.V.","startDate":"2018-06-30","conditions":["Hereditary Angioedema"],"enrollment":152,"completionDate":"2021-07-31"},{"nctId":"NCT04912141","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Prevention of Acute Kidney Injury in Patients With NSTEMI","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Pharming Technologies B.V.","startDate":"2021-04-21","conditions":["Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)"],"enrollment":29,"completionDate":"2023-04-28"},{"nctId":"NCT01359969","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Safety of Ruconest in 2-13 Year Old Hereditary Angioedema (HAE) Patients","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Pharming Technologies B.V.","startDate":"2012-01-17","conditions":["Hereditary Angioedema"],"enrollment":57,"completionDate":"2017-07-17"},{"nctId":"NCT04530136","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Prevention of Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Pharming Technologies B.V.","startDate":"2020-11-30","conditions":["Confirmed Coronavirus Disease"],"enrollment":38,"completionDate":"2021-12-01"},{"nctId":"NCT01843530","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Randomized, Double-blind, Two Arms, Multicenter, Phase III Study of Berinert for Treatment of ACE Induced Angioedema","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Technical University of Munich","startDate":"2013-11","conditions":["Acute ACE-induced Angioedema"],"enrollment":31,"completionDate":"2019-09-30"},{"nctId":"NCT05010876","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Evaluation of the Effects of Bradykinin Antagonists on Pulmonary Manifestations of COVID-19 Infections (AntagoBrad-Cov Study).","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"GCS Ramsay Santé pour l'Enseignement et la Recherche","startDate":"2021-02-04","conditions":["Covid19"],"enrollment":44,"completionDate":"2021-06-21"},{"nctId":"NCT03221842","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Efficacy and Safety of Human Plasma-derived C1-esterase Inhibitor as add-on to Standard of Care for the Treatment of Refractory Antibody Mediated Rejection (AMR) in Adult Renal Transplant Recipients","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"CSL Behring","startDate":"2017-11-06","conditions":["Antibody-mediated Rejection"],"enrollment":63,"completionDate":"2021-01-20"},{"nctId":"NCT04898309","phase":"PHASE2,PHASE3","title":"Efficacy and Safety of GNR-038 vs Berinert® in Patients With Hereditary Angioedema","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"AO GENERIUM","startDate":"2021-12-01","conditions":["Hereditary Angioedema"],"enrollment":0,"completionDate":"2023-05-31"},{"nctId":"NCT04414631","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Conestat Alfa in the Prevention of Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland","startDate":"2020-08-06","conditions":["Coronavirus Infections"],"enrollment":80,"completionDate":"2021-09-15"},{"nctId":"NCT01426763","phase":"PHASE2","title":"A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Pharmacology of Subcutaneous Administration of CINRYZE With Recombinant Human Hyaluronidase","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Shire","startDate":"2011-09-12","conditions":["Hereditary Angioedema"],"enrollment":12,"completionDate":"2011-11-28"},{"nctId":"NCT00914966","phase":"PHASE4","title":"A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Effect of Escalating Doses of CINRYZE","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Shire","startDate":"2009-08-31","conditions":["Hereditary Angioedema"],"enrollment":20,"completionDate":"2012-05-24"},{"nctId":"NCT01147302","phase":"PHASE2","title":"A Pilot Study to Evaluate the Use of C1 Esterase Inhibitor (Human) in Patients With Acute Antibody-Mediated Rejection","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Shire","startDate":"2011-08-24","conditions":["Graft Rejection"],"enrollment":18,"completionDate":"2013-06-28"},{"nctId":"NCT00289211","phase":"PHASE3","title":"C1 Esterase Inhibitor (C1INH-nf) for the Treatment of Acute Hereditary Angioedema (HAE) Attacks","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Shire","startDate":"2005-03-14","conditions":["Hereditary Angioedema"],"enrollment":83,"completionDate":"2007-04-13"},{"nctId":"NCT01005888","phase":"PHASE3","title":"C1 Esterase Inhibitor (C1INH-nf) for the Prevention of Acute Hereditary Angioedema (HAE) Attacks","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Shire","startDate":"2005-03-14","conditions":["Hereditary Angioedema"],"enrollment":26,"completionDate":"2007-08-22"},{"nctId":"NCT00462709","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Open-Label C1 Esterase Inhibitor (C1INH-nf) for the Prevention of Acute Hereditary Angioedema (HAE) Attacks","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Shire","startDate":"2006-06-27","conditions":["Hereditary Angioedema"],"enrollment":146,"completionDate":"2009-03-31"},{"nctId":"NCT00438815","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Open-Label C1 Esterase Inhibitor (C1INH-nf) for the Treatment of Acute Hereditary Angioedema (HAE) Attacks","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Shire","startDate":"2006-09-21","conditions":["Hereditary Angioedema"],"enrollment":113,"completionDate":"2009-03-31"},{"nctId":"NCT02584959","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Study to Evaluate the Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Subcutaneously Administered C1 Esterase Inhibitor for the Prevention of Angioedema Attacks in Adolescents and Adults With Hereditary Angioedema","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Shire","startDate":"2015-11-01","conditions":["Hereditary Angioedema (HAE)"],"enrollment":75,"completionDate":"2017-07-24"},{"nctId":"NCT01095510","phase":"PHASE2","title":"CINRYZE for the Treatment of Hereditary Angioedema Attacks in Children Under the Age of 12","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Shire","startDate":"2010-06-02","conditions":["Hereditary Angioedema (HAE)"],"enrollment":9,"completionDate":"2012-04-17"},{"nctId":"NCT01756157","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Subcutaneous CINRYZE With Recombinant Human Hyaluronidase for Prevention of Angioedema Attacks","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Shire","startDate":"2013-02-04","conditions":["Hereditary Angioedema (HAE)"],"enrollment":47,"completionDate":"2013-09-13"},{"nctId":"NCT02663687","phase":"PHASE1","title":"Phase 1 Study to Assess the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Recombinant Human C1 Esterase Inhibitor in Healthy Adult Subjects","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Shire","startDate":"2016-02-19","conditions":["Hereditary Angioedema (HAE)"],"enrollment":48,"completionDate":"2016-12-05"},{"nctId":"NCT00432510","phase":"PHASE1","title":"Pharmacokinetics of C1 Esterase Inhibitor in Hereditary Angioedema Subjects","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Shire","startDate":"2006-10-09","conditions":["Hereditary Angioedema"],"enrollment":27,"completionDate":"2007-02-28"},{"nctId":"NCT03576469","phase":"PHASE4","title":"A Study to Evaluate the Benefit of RUCONEST® in Subjects Who Experience ADRs Related to IVIG Infusions","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"IMMUNOe Research Centers","startDate":"2018-06-13","conditions":["CVI - Common Variable Immunodeficiency"],"enrollment":20,"completionDate":"2020-03-01"},{"nctId":"NCT01694381","phase":"EARLY_PHASE1","title":"Research Into the Effect of a Clot-dissolving Agent and Its Inhibitor","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"TSI, LLC","startDate":"2012-09","conditions":["Acute Ischemic Stroke"],"enrollment":8,"completionDate":"2012-10"},{"nctId":"NCT03791476","phase":"PHASE1","title":"RUCONEST® as a Therapeutic Strategy to Reduce the Incidence of Delayed Graft Function","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"University of Wisconsin, Madison","startDate":"2019-06-21","conditions":["Kidney Failure"],"enrollment":20,"completionDate":"2022-01"},{"nctId":"NCT03051698","phase":"PHASE4","title":"C1-inhibitor in Allergic ASThma Patients","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"T. van der Poll","startDate":"2016-11-16","conditions":["Asthma"],"enrollment":37,"completionDate":"2019-10-23"},{"nctId":"NCT02936479","phase":"PHASE2","title":"C1-Inhibitor (INH) for Refractory Antibody Mediated Renal Allograft Rejection","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"NYU Langone Health","startDate":"2016-10","conditions":["Antibody Mediated Rejection of Kidney Transplant"],"enrollment":1,"completionDate":"2018-10-30"},{"nctId":"NCT02316353","phase":"PHASE3","title":"A Study to Evaluate the Long-term Clinical Safety and Efficacy of Subcutaneously Administered C1-esterase Inhibitor in the Prevention of Hereditary Angioedema","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"CSL Behring","startDate":"2014-12-31","conditions":["Hereditary Angioedema Types I and II"],"enrollment":126,"completionDate":"2017-09-21"},{"nctId":"NCT02869347","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Recombinant Human C1 Esterase Inhibitor in the Prevention of Contrast-induced Nephropathy in High-risk Subjects","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland","startDate":"2017-01","conditions":["Acute Kidney Injury"],"enrollment":80,"completionDate":"2018-07"},{"nctId":"NCT00851409","phase":"PHASE2","title":"A Study of the Safety and Immunogenicity of Repeated rhC1INH Administration","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Pharming Technologies B.V.","startDate":"2009-06","conditions":["Genetic Disorders","Hereditary Angioedema"],"enrollment":25,"completionDate":"2010-04"},{"nctId":"NCT02134314","phase":"PHASE1,PHASE2","title":"C1INH Inhibitor Preoperative and Post Kidney Transplant to Prevent DGF & IRI","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Cedars-Sinai Medical Center","startDate":"2014-09","conditions":["End Stage Renal Disease","Kidney Failure","Delayed Graft Function","Ischemic Reperfusion Injury"],"enrollment":70,"completionDate":"2017-03-13"},{"nctId":"NCT02247739","phase":"PHASE2","title":"A Phase 2 HAE Prophylaxis Study With Recombinant Human C1 Inhibitor","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Pharming Technologies B.V.","startDate":"2014-12","conditions":["Hereditary Angioedema"],"enrollment":32,"completionDate":"2016-09"},{"nctId":"NCT01134510","phase":"PHASE1,PHASE2","title":"Safety & Tolerability of Berinert® (C1 Inhibitor) Therapy to Prevent Rejection","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Stanley Jordan, MD","startDate":"2011-08","conditions":["Kidney Transplantation"],"enrollment":20,"completionDate":"2013-11"},{"nctId":"NCT01467947","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Postmarketing Immunogenicity Study in HAE Subjects Treated With Berinert","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"CSL Behring","startDate":"2011-11","conditions":["Hereditary Angioedema Types I and II"],"enrollment":46,"completionDate":"2014-10"},{"nctId":"NCT01188564","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Efficacy, Safety and Immunogenicity Study of Recombinant Human C1 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Acute HAE Attacks","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Pharming Technologies B.V.","startDate":"2011-01","conditions":["Hereditary Angioedema"],"enrollment":75,"completionDate":"2013-03"},{"nctId":"NCT00292981","phase":"PHASE3","title":"C1 Esterase Inhibitor in Hereditary Angioedema (HAE)(Extension Study)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"CSL Behring","startDate":"2005-08","conditions":["Hereditary Angioedema"],"enrollment":57,"completionDate":"2010-05"},{"nctId":"NCT00168103","phase":"PHASE2,PHASE3","title":"Human C1 Esterase Inhibitor (C1-INH) in Subjects With Acute Abdominal or Facial Hereditary Angioedema (HAE) Attacks","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"CSL Behring","startDate":"2005-06","conditions":["Hereditary Angioedema"],"enrollment":126,"completionDate":"2007-12"},{"nctId":"NCT01275976","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Effect of C1-esterase Inhibitor on Systemic Inflammation in Trauma Patients With a Femur or Pelvic Fracture","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"UMC Utrecht","startDate":"2012-04","conditions":["Trauma","Inflammation","Sepsis","Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome"],"enrollment":11,"completionDate":"2015-02"},{"nctId":"NCT01766414","phase":"PHASE3","title":"In Vivo Effects of C1-esterase Inhibitor on the Innate Immune Response During Human Endotoxemia - VECTOR II","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Radboud University Medical Center","startDate":"2013-09","conditions":["Innate Immune Response","Endotoxemia","Inflammation","Sepsis"],"enrollment":20,"completionDate":"2014-01"},{"nctId":"NCT01759602","phase":"PHASE1","title":"C1-esterase Inhibitor (Cinryze) for Acute Treatment of Neuromyelitis Optica Exacerbation","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Michael Levy","startDate":"2013-01","conditions":["Neuromyelitis Optica"],"enrollment":10,"completionDate":"2013-11"},{"nctId":"NCT01108848","phase":"","title":"Patient Registry Study of Berinert® in Normal Clinical Practice","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"CSL Behring","startDate":"2010-04","conditions":["Includes: Hereditary Angioedema"],"enrollment":318,"completionDate":"2014-04"},{"nctId":"NCT00261053","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Recombinant Human C1 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Acute Attacks in Patients With Hereditary Angioedema","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Pharming Technologies B.V.","startDate":"2003-06","conditions":["Genetic Disorders"],"enrollment":14,"completionDate":"2005-12"},{"nctId":"NCT01760343","phase":"PHASE1","title":"A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Two Formulations of C1-esterase Inhibitor","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"CSL Behring","startDate":"2013-01","conditions":["Hereditary Angioedema Types I and II"],"enrollment":16,"completionDate":"2013-03"},{"nctId":"NCT00225147","phase":"PHASE2,PHASE3","title":"Recombinant Human C1 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Acute Attacks in Patients With Hereditary Angioedema","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Pharming Technologies B.V.","startDate":"2005-07","conditions":["Hereditary Angioedema","Angioneurotic Edema"],"enrollment":77,"completionDate":"2010-01"},{"nctId":"NCT00262288","phase":"PHASE2,PHASE3","title":"Recombinant Human C1 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Acute Attacks in Patients With Hereditary Angioedema","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Pharming Technologies B.V.","startDate":"2004-04","conditions":["Genetic Disorders"],"enrollment":14,"completionDate":"2007-01"},{"nctId":"NCT00262301","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Recombinant Human C1 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Acute Attacks in Patients With Hereditary Angioedema","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Pharming Technologies B.V.","startDate":"2004-06","conditions":["Hereditary Angioedema","Angioneurotic Edema","Genetic Disorders"],"enrollment":75,"completionDate":"2009-10"},{"nctId":"NCT01035593","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Recombinant Human C1 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Early Antibody-Mediated Rejection in Renal Transplantation","status":"WITHDRAWN","sponsor":"Pharming Technologies B.V.","startDate":"2010-12","conditions":["Graft Rejection","Kidney Transplantation"],"enrollment":0,"completionDate":"2011-12"},{"nctId":"NCT00785018","phase":"NA","title":"In Vivo Effects of C1-esterase Inhibitor on the Innate Immune Response During Human Endotoxemia","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Radboud University Medical Center","startDate":"2008-11","conditions":["Endotoxemia","Inflammation","Multi Organ Dysfunction Syndrome"],"enrollment":20,"completionDate":"2009-08"},{"nctId":"NCT00748202","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Berinert P Study of Subcutaneous Versus Intravenous Administration","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Hospital","startDate":"2008-09","conditions":["Hereditary Angioedema"],"enrollment":24,"completionDate":"2010-12"}],"_emaApprovals":[{"date":"2010-10-28","status":"Authorised","company":"Pharming Group N.V."}],"genericFilers":[],"latestUpdates":[],"manufacturing":[],"administration":{"route":"Intravenous","formulation":"Injection","formulations":[{"form":"INJECTION, POWDER, FOR SOLUTION","route":"INTRAVENOUS","productName":"Ruconest"}]},"crossReferences":{"MMSL":"179528","NDDF":"013852","UNII":"5QS67N4551","INN_ID":"8899","RXNORM":"1599831","UMLSCUI":"C3195420","chemblId":"CHEMBL2108350","ChEMBL_ID":"CHEMBL2108350","DRUGBANK_ID":"DB09228","SNOMEDCT_US":"429316005","IUPHAR_LIGAND_ID":"7627","MESH_SUPPLEMENTAL_RECORD_UI":"C571093"},"formularyStatus":[],"_enricherVersion":"v2","developmentCodes":[],"ownershipHistory":[{"period":"","companyName":"Pharming Group N.V.","relationship":"Original Developer"}],"pharmacokinetics":{"source":"FDA label","halfLife":"2.5 hours"},"publicationCount":17,"therapeuticAreas":["Other"],"atcClassification":{"source":"DrugCentral","atcCode":"B06AC04","allCodes":["B06AC04"]},"biosimilarFilings":[],"originalDeveloper":"Pharming Group N.V.","recentPublications":[{"date":"2006","pmid":"30000948","title":"C1 Esterase Inhibitor.","journal":""},{"date":"2025 Mar","pmid":"39675680","title":"Clinical response and corresponding blood transcriptome pathways before and after treatment of hereditary angioedema prodromes compared to active swelling attacks.","journal":"The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology"},{"date":"2023","pmid":"37965347","title":"Recombinant C1 inhibitor in the prevention of severe COVID-19: a randomized, open-label, multi-center phase IIa trial.","journal":"Frontiers in immunology"},{"date":"2021 Jan 4","pmid":"33397449","title":"Recombinant human C1 esterase inhibitor (conestat alfa) in the prevention of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomized, parallel-group, open-label, multi-center pilot trial (PROTECT-COVID-19).","journal":"Trials"},{"date":"2020","pmid":"32922409","title":"Treatment of COVID-19 With Conestat Alfa, a Regulator of the Complement, Contact Activation and Kallikrein-Kinin System.","journal":"Frontiers in immunology"}],"companionDiagnostics":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"status":"approved","companyName":"Pharming Group N.V.","companyId":"pharming-group-n-v","modality":"Recombinant protein","firstApprovalDate":"2010","aiSummary":"","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":1,"regulatoryByCountry":[{"country_code":"EU","regulator":"EMA","status":"pending","approval_date":null,"mah":"","brand_name_local":"","application_number":""},{"country_code":"CA","regulator":"Health Canada","status":"approved","approval_date":null,"mah":"","brand_name_local":"","application_number":""},{"country_code":"US","regulator":"FDA","status":"approved","approval_date":null,"mah":null,"brand_name_local":null,"application_number":null}],"trialStats":{"total":3,"withResults":1},"validation":{"fieldsValidated":0,"lastValidatedAt":"2026-04-20T00:15:42.482890+00:00","fieldsConflicting":1,"overallConfidence":0.8},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":false,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":3}}