{"id":"comparator-timolol","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":null,"effect":"Ocular irritation or discomfort"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Blurred vision"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Bradycardia (systemic absorption)"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Bronchospasm (in susceptible patients)"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Fatigue"}]},"_chembl":{"chemblId":"CHEMBL1200870","moleculeType":"Small molecule","molecularWeight":"432.50"},"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Timolol blocks beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptors in the ciliary body of the eye, which reduces the production and secretion of aqueous humor. This decrease in aqueous humor production leads to lower intraocular pressure, making it effective for treating glaucoma and ocular hypertension. The drug does not significantly affect aqueous humor outflow.","oneSentence":"Timolol is a non-selective beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist that reduces intraocular pressure by decreasing aqueous humor production in the eye.","_ai_confidence":"high"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T01:07:18.716Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Glaucoma"},{"name":"Ocular hypertension"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT03519386","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Randomized Study Comparing Two Models of a Travoprost Intraocular Implant to Timolol Maleate Ophthalmic Solution, 0.5%","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Glaukos Corporation","startDate":"2018-07-26","conditions":"Glaucoma, Open-Angle, Ocular Hypertension","enrollment":590},{"nctId":"NCT03868124","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Clinical Study Comparing Two Models of a Travoprost Intraocular Implant","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Glaukos Corporation","startDate":"2018-09-17","conditions":"Glaucoma, Open-Angle, Ocular Hypertension","enrollment":560},{"nctId":"NCT03822559","phase":"PHASE3","title":"A Study of DE-111A on the Treatment of Open Angle Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Santen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.","startDate":"2019-01-20","conditions":"Open-angle Glaucoma, Ocular Hypertension","enrollment":219},{"nctId":"NCT02250651","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Efficacy and Safety of Bimatoprost Sustained-Release (SR) in Patients With Open-Angle Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Allergan","startDate":"2014-12-15","conditions":"Glaucoma, Open-Angle, Ocular Hypertension","enrollment":528},{"nctId":"NCT03034772","phase":"PHASE2, PHASE3","title":"Dorzolamide-timolol in Combination With Anti-vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Injections for Wet Age-related Macular Degeneration","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Wills Eye","startDate":"2017-02-08","conditions":"Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration, Wet Macular Degeneration","enrollment":52},{"nctId":"NCT02247804","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Efficacy and Safety Study of Bimatoprost Sustained-Release (SR) in Participants With Open-angle Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Allergan","startDate":"2014-12-15","conditions":"Glaucoma, Open-Angle, Ocular Hypertension","enrollment":594},{"nctId":"NCT02730871","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Safety and Efficacy of SIMBRINZA® BID as an Adjunctive to DUOTRAV®","status":"TERMINATED","sponsor":"Alcon Research","startDate":"2016-06-24","conditions":"Open-angle Glaucoma, Ocular Hypertension","enrollment":173},{"nctId":"NCT01254604","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Preservative-Free Tafluprost (MK-2452) for the Treatment of Open-Angle Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension (MK-2452-002)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC","startDate":"2011-12-01","conditions":"Glaucoma, Ocular Hypertension","enrollment":190},{"nctId":"NCT01026831","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Preservative-Free MK2452 (Tafluprost) for Open-Angle Glaucoma/Ocular Hypertension (MK2452-001)(COMPLETED)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC","startDate":"2010-01-06","conditions":"Open-angle Glaucoma, Ocular Hypertension","enrollment":643},{"nctId":"NCT00449956","phase":"PHASE3","title":"MK0507A Clinical Study in Patients With Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension (0507A-149)(COMPLETED)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC","startDate":"2007-03-12","conditions":"Glaucoma","enrollment":474},{"nctId":"NCT00546286","phase":"PHASE3","title":"A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Cosopt® as First Line Therapy (MK-0507A-153)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC","startDate":"2006-05-31","conditions":"Glaucoma, Ocular Hypertension","enrollment":170},{"nctId":"NCT00108017","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Comparison of the Effects of Two Glaucoma Drugs Over 24 Hours (0507A-137)(COMPLETED)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC","startDate":"2005-04","conditions":"Glaucoma, Ocular Hypertension","enrollment":330},{"nctId":"NCT00972426","phase":"PHASE4","title":"A Study to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety Effects Using Mikelan® LA Ophthalmic Solution (OS) 2% Versus Timoptol® XE Ophthalmic Solution (OS) 0.5% in Ocular Hypertension Patients","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Taiwan Otsuka Pharm. Co., Ltd","startDate":"2009-10","conditions":"Glaucoma","enrollment":32}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[{"count":1,"reaction":"CHEST PAIN"},{"count":1,"reaction":"COUGH"},{"count":1,"reaction":"INFLUENZA LIKE ILLNESS"}],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":1985,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":[],"phase":"phase_3","status":"active","brandName":"Comparator: timolol","genericName":"Comparator: timolol","companyName":"Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC","companyId":"merck-sharp-dohme-llc","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Timolol is a non-selective beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist that reduces intraocular pressure by decreasing aqueous humor production in the eye. Used for Glaucoma, Ocular hypertension.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":1,"withResults":1},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}