{"id":"cloxiquine","rwe":[{"pmid":"41691191","year":"2026","title":"Cloxiquine exerts bactericidal activity against Enterococcus faecalis through disruption of proton motive force and induction of reactive oxygen species.","finding":"","journal":"BMC microbiology","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41288066","year":"2025","title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors as novel targets of small cell lung cancer circulating tumor cells.","finding":"","journal":"Neoplasma","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"39522492","year":"2025","title":"Discovery of cloxiquine derivatives as potent HDAC inhibitors for the treatment of melanoma via activating PPARγ.","finding":"","journal":"European journal of medicinal chemistry","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"31138783","year":"2019","title":"Cloxiquine, a traditional antituberculosis agent, suppresses the growth and metastasis of melanoma cells through activation of PPARγ.","finding":"","journal":"Cell death & disease","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"21080020","year":"2011","title":"Supramolecular synthon pattern in solid clioquinol and cloxiquine (APIs of antibacterial, antifungal, antiaging and antituberculosis drugs) studied by ³⁵Cl NQR, ¹H-¹⁷O and ¹H-¹⁴N NQDR and DFT/QTAIM.","finding":"","journal":"Journal of molecular modeling","studyType":"Clinical Study"}],"tags":[{"label":"cloxiquine","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"Methionine aminopeptidase 2","category":"target"},{"label":"METAP2","category":"gene"},{"label":"METAP1","category":"gene"},{"label":"Active","category":"status"}],"phase":"unknown","safety":{},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"patents":[],"pricing":[],"allNames":"cloxyquin","offLabel":[],"synonyms":["cloxyquin","5-Chlorooxine","8-Hydroxy-5-chloroquinoline","cloxiquine","dermofongin","dermofungin"],"timeline":[],"approvals":[],"brandName":"Cloxyquin","ecosystem":[],"mechanism":{"target":"Methionine aminopeptidase 1, Methionine aminopeptidase 2, Catechol O-methyltransferase","targets":[{"gene":"METAP2","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Methionine aminopeptidase 2","protein":"Methionine aminopeptidase 2"},{"gene":"METAP1","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Methionine aminopeptidase 1","protein":"Methionine aminopeptidase 1"}],"modality":"Small Molecule","drugClass":"cloxiquine","explanation":"Imagine your body's cells are like factories that build proteins. Methionine aminopeptidase 2 is a key tool in this process, helping to add the right building blocks to the protein. Cloxyquin blocks this tool, which can help to slow down or stop the growth of certain cells, such as cancer cells.","oneSentence":"Cloxyquin works by binding to and inhibiting the enzyme methionine aminopeptidase 2, which plays a role in protein synthesis.","technicalDetail":"Cloxyquin binds to the active site of methionine aminopeptidase 2, preventing the enzyme from catalyzing the removal of the N-terminal methionine residue from newly synthesized proteins, which can lead to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in rapidly dividing cells."},"commercial":{},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/3114","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=cloxiquine","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"}],"_enrichedAt":"2026-03-30T10:14:47.699923","biosimilars":[],"competitors":[{"drugName":"oxyquinoline","drugSlug":"oxyquinoline","fdaApproval":"","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugName":"thiabendazole","drugSlug":"thiabendazole","fdaApproval":"1967-04-07","patentStatus":"Unknown","relationship":"same-target"}],"dataSources":[{"url":"https://drugcentral.org","name":"DrugCentral","fields":["indications","contraindications","safety","target","drugInteractions"],"retrievedDate":"2026-04-07"}],"genericName":"cloxiquine","indications":{"approved":[],"offLabel":[],"pipeline":[]},"drugCategory":"active","labelChanges":[],"relatedDrugs":[{"drugId":"oxyquinoline","brandName":"oxyquinoline","genericName":"oxyquinoline","approvalYear":"","relationship":"same-target"},{"drugId":"thiabendazole","brandName":"thiabendazole","genericName":"thiabendazole","approvalYear":"1967","relationship":"same-target"}],"trialDetails":[],"genericFilers":[],"latestUpdates":[],"manufacturing":[],"administration":{},"crossReferences":{"NDDF":"006732","UNII":"BPF36H1G6S","CHEBI":"CHEBI:134818","INN_ID":"3428","UMLSCUI":"C0772059","ChEMBL_ID":"CHEMBL225164","KEGG_DRUG":"D03572","DRUGBANK_ID":"DB15933","PDB_CHEM_ID":"HZQ","PUBCHEM_CID":"2817","MESH_SUPPLEMENTAL_RECORD_UI":"C519493"},"formularyStatus":[],"_enricherVersion":"v2","developmentCodes":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"publicationCount":5,"therapeuticAreas":["Oncology"],"biosimilarFilings":[],"recentPublications":[{"date":"2026 Feb 14","pmid":"41691191","title":"Cloxiquine exerts bactericidal activity against Enterococcus faecalis through disruption of proton motive force and induction of reactive oxygen species.","journal":"BMC microbiology"},{"date":"2025 Dec","pmid":"41288066","title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors as novel targets of small cell lung cancer circulating tumor cells.","journal":"Neoplasma"},{"date":"2025 Jan 5","pmid":"39522492","title":"Discovery of cloxiquine derivatives as potent HDAC inhibitors for the treatment of melanoma via activating PPARγ.","journal":"European journal of medicinal chemistry"},{"date":"2019 May 28","pmid":"31138783","title":"Cloxiquine, a traditional antituberculosis agent, suppresses the growth and metastasis of melanoma cells through activation of PPARγ.","journal":"Cell death & disease"},{"date":"2011 Jul","pmid":"21080020","title":"Supramolecular synthon pattern in solid clioquinol and cloxiquine (APIs of antibacterial, antifungal, antiaging and antituberculosis drugs) studied by ³⁵Cl NQR, ¹H-¹⁷O and ¹H-¹⁴N NQDR and DFT/QTAIM.","journal":"Journal of molecular modeling"}],"companionDiagnostics":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"status":"active","companyName":"","companyId":"unknown","modality":"Small Molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Cloxyquin is a small molecule. It is also known by several synonyms, including CLOXIQUINA, CLOXIQUINE, and CLOXYQUIN.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"partial","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":false,"safety":false,"trials":false,"score":1}}