{"id":"clofibrate","rwe":[{"pmid":"41905444","year":"2026","title":"Clofibrate inhibits tumor immune escape by increasing macrophage phagocytosis.","finding":"","journal":"European journal of pharmacology","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41811691","year":"2026","title":"Oral adjuvants supplemented to phototherapy as a therapeutic strategy for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia: a systematic review.","finding":"","journal":"Journal of perinatal medicine","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41614768","year":"2025","title":"Evaluation of Carnitine Status in Postnatal Piglets from Sows Fed Clofibrate.","finding":"","journal":"Current issues in molecular biology","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41366971","year":"2025","title":"Plasma proteins and osteosarcoma: Mendelian randomization analysis and targeted therapeutic discovery.","finding":"","journal":"Medicine","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41210757","year":"2025","title":"Targeting Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 7 (USP7): A Pharmacophore-Guided Drug Repurposing and Physics-Based Molecular Simulation Study.","finding":"","journal":"ACS omega","studyType":"Clinical Study"}],"tags":[{"label":"clofibrate","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha","category":"target"},{"label":"PPARA","category":"gene"},{"label":"C10AB01","category":"atc"},{"label":"Off-Patent","category":"patent"},{"label":"Generic Available","category":"availability"},{"label":"Mature","category":"status"},{"label":"Hyperlipidemia","category":"indication"},{"label":"Approved 1960s","category":"decade"},{"label":"Anticholesteremic Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Antimetabolites","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Hypolipidemic Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Lipid Regulating Agents","category":"pharmacology"}],"phase":"marketed","safety":{"drugInteractions":[{"url":"/drug/dicoumarol","drug":"dicoumarol","action":"Avoid combination","effect":"May interact with Dicumarol","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"dicoumarol"},{"url":"/drug/phenprocoumon","drug":"phenprocoumon","action":"Avoid combination","effect":"May interact with Phenprocoumon","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"phenprocoumon"},{"url":"/drug/simvastatin","drug":"simvastatin","action":"Monitor closely","effect":"May interact with Simvastatin","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"simvastatin"},{"url":"/drug/warfarin","drug":"warfarin","action":"Monitor closely","effect":"May interact with Warfarin","source":"DrugCentral","drugSlug":"warfarin"}]},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"patents":[],"pricing":[],"_sources":{"trials":{"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=CLOFIBRATE","method":"api_direct","source":"ClinicalTrials.gov","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"ctgov","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:27:51.984128+00:00"},"timeline":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clofibrate","method":"deterministic","source":"Wikipedia","rawText":"","confidence":0.8,"sourceType":"wikipedia","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:27:59.033243+00:00"},"regulatory.ca":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"Health Canada DPD","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"health_canada_dpd","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:27:57.599900+00:00"},"publicationCount":{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=CLOFIBRATE","method":"api_direct","source":"PubMed/NCBI","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"pubmed","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:27:57.909299+00:00"},"mechanism.target_chembl":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL mechanism: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha agonist","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:27:59.033175+00:00"},"crossReferences.chemblId":{"url":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/compound_report_card/CHEMBL565/","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL (EMBL-EBI)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:27:58.622973+00:00"}},"allNames":"lipavil","offLabel":[],"synonyms":["clofibrate","ticlobran","xyduril","p-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid ethyl ester","lipavil","lipavlon","lipomid","liprinal","miscleron","misclerone"],"timeline":[{"date":"1967-02-08","type":"positive","source":"DrugCentral","milestone":"FDA approval"},{"date":"1991-07-25","type":"neutral","source":"FDA Orange Book","milestone":"Generic entry — 4 manufacturers approved"}],"aiSummary":"Lipavil (CLOFIBRATE) is a small molecule drug that targets the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-alpha). It was originally developed and is currently owned by various companies. Lipavil is a clofibrate drug class, approved by the FDA in 1967 for the treatment of hyperlipidemia. It is available as a generic medication with multiple manufacturers and is off-patent. Key considerations include its high bioavailability of 95%.","approvals":[{"date":"1967-02-08","orphan":false,"company":"","regulator":"FDA"}],"brandName":"Lipavil","ecosystem":[{"indication":"Hyperlipidemia","otherDrugs":[{"name":"cholestyramine","slug":"cholestyramine","company":"Bristol Myers"},{"name":"choline fenofibrate","slug":"choline-fenofibrate","company":"Abbvie"},{"name":"colestipol","slug":"colestipol","company":"Pharmacia And Upjohn"},{"name":"dextrothyroxine","slug":"dextrothyroxine","company":"Abbvie"}],"globalPrevalence":390000000}],"mechanism":{"target":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha","novelty":"First-in-class","targets":[{"gene":"PPARA","source":"DrugCentral","target":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha","protein":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha"}],"modality":"Small Molecule","drugClass":"clofibrate","explanation":"","oneSentence":"","technicalDetail":"Lipavil activates PPAR-alpha, which upregulates the expression of genes involved in the breakdown of fatty acids, including acyl-CoA oxidase and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A, leading to increased beta-oxidation of fatty acids and reduced triglyceride synthesis."},"_wikipedia":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clofibrate","title":"Clofibrate","extract":"Clofibrate is a lipid-lowering agent used for controlling the high cholesterol and triacylglyceride level in the blood. It belongs to the class of fibrates. It increases lipoprotein lipase activity to promote the conversion of VLDL to LDL, and hence reduce the level of VLDL. It can increase the level of HDL as well."},"commercial":{"launchDate":"1967","_launchSource":"DrugCentral (FDA 1967-02-08, )"},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/694","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=CLOFIBRATE","fields":["trials"],"source":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"id":3,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=CLOFIBRATE","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"},{"id":4,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clofibrate","fields":["history","overview"],"source":"Wikipedia"},{"id":5,"url":"https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-approvals-and-databases/orange-book-data-files","fields":["patents","exclusivity","genericManufacturers"],"source":"FDA Orange 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