{"id":"citric-acid","rwe":[{"pmid":"41905054","year":"2026","title":"Cytoplasmic and mitochondrial citrate synthases mediate cadmium detoxification and tolerance in plants.","finding":"","journal":"Journal of hazardous materials","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41901813","year":"2026","title":"Sustainable Intumescent Flame-Retardant Coating with Sericin, Phosphorus, and Silicon for Polyester Fabrics.","finding":"","journal":"Polymers","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41900341","year":"2026","title":"Probiotic Assessment of Lactic Acid Bacteria Strains and Consortia for Enhancing Honey Bee Health and Nutrition.","finding":"","journal":"Microorganisms","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41897779","year":"2026","title":"Comparative Analysis of Physicochemical Properties and Volatile Profile of Eight Varieties of Green Plums in Sichuan and Yunnan.","finding":"","journal":"Foods (Basel, Switzerland)","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"41894852","year":"2026","title":"Chemiluminescence enhanced by carbon dots for the determination of metalaxyl.","finding":"","journal":"Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy","studyType":"Clinical Study"}],"_fda":{"id":"73126eb8-5fba-4a43-b84a-057382d4f0f4","set_id":"0130d7c8-d067-4528-beb7-166559c33be9","openfda":{"unii":["2968PHW8QP","LX22YL083G","1Q73Q2JULR"],"route":["INTRAVENOUS"],"spl_id":["73126eb8-5fba-4a43-b84a-057382d4f0f4"],"brand_name":["Anticoagulant Citrate Dextrose (ACD-A)"],"spl_set_id":["0130d7c8-d067-4528-beb7-166559c33be9"],"package_ndc":["14537-820-00","14537-820-01","14537-820-03"],"product_ndc":["14537-820"],"generic_name":["DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE, SODIUM CITRATE, UNSPECIFIED FORM, AND CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE"],"product_type":["HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG"],"substance_name":["CITRIC ACID MONOHYDRATE","DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE","SODIUM CITRATE, UNSPECIFIED FORM"],"manufacturer_name":["Terumo BCT, Ltd"],"application_number":["BA110057"],"is_original_packager":[true]},"version":"2","description":["11 DESCRIPTION ANTICOAGULANT CITRATE DEXTROSE SOLUTION USP (ACD) SOLUTION A is designed to be added to blood products collected for extracorporeal processing, to prevent platelet activation and coagulation as blood moves throughout the extracorporeal processing set. The content of the solution bag is considered sterile. This product has a sterile fluid path only. The clear overwrap is not considered a sterile barrier. The solution is non-pyrogenic, and it contains no bacteriostatic or antimicrobial agents. The formulas of the active ingredients are provided in Table 1. Table 1: Active Ingredients Ingredients Molecular Formula Molecular Weight (%w/v) Citric Acid, Monohydrate C 6 H 8 O 7 192.12 Dextrose Monohydrate C 6 H 12 O 6 ∙ H 2 O 198.17 Sodium Citrate Dihydrate C 6 H 9 Na 3 O 9 294.10 Water for Injection H 2 O 18.00 Each 100 mL of ANTICOAGULANT CITRATE DEXTROSE SOLUTION USP (ACD) SOLUTION A contains: (%w/v) Citric Acid, Monohydrate 0.8 g; Dextrose Monohydrate 2.45 g; Sodium Citrate Dihydrate 2.2 g; and Water for Injection. The solution bag is not made with natural rubber latex or PVC. The solution bag is made from a polyolefin film. It contains materials that have been tested to demonstrate the suitability of the solution bag for storing pharmaceutical solutions. The solution contact layer is a polyolefin. The solution bag is nontoxic and biologically inert. The solution bag is a closed system and is not dependent upon entry of external air during administration. The solution bag is covered with a clear overwrap to provide protection from the physical environment. The content of the solution bag is considered sterile. This product has a sterile fluid path only. The clear overwrap is not considered a sterile barrier."],"how_supplied":["16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING ANTICOAGULANT CITRATE DEXTROSE SOLUTION USP (ACD) SOLUTION A is a clear sterile solution supplied in non-pyrogenic polyolefin solution bags. Each solution bag is individually wrapped in a clear overwrap. Each clear overwrap is then individually foil wrapped. Neither the clear overwrap nor the foil overwrap can be considered a sterile barrier. This product has a sterile fluid pathway only. SIZE CATALOG NUMBER NDC NUMBER 50 mL 40820 Case: 14537-820-03 Foil: 14537-820-01 Bag: 14537-820-00 STORAGE Store up to 25 °C. Avoid excessive heat. Protect from freezing. Protect from direct sunlight."],"effective_time":"20250121","adverse_reactions":["6 ADVERSE REACTIONS Citrate reactions or toxicity may occur with the injection of blood products containing citrate anticoagulant. The recipient of the blood product containing citrate should be monitored for the signs and symptoms of citrate toxicity. The signs and symptoms of citrate toxicity begin with paresthesia, a \"tingling\" sensation around the mouth or in the extremities, followed by severe reactions that are characterized by hypotension and possible cardiac arrhythmia. Citrate toxicity may occur more frequently in patients who are hypothermic, have impaired liver or renal function, or have low calcium levels because of an underlying disease. Citrate reactions or toxicity may occur with the injection of blood products containing citrate anticoagulant. The recipient of the blood product containing citrate should be monitored for the signs and symptoms of citrate toxicity. ( 6 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Terumo BCT, Inc. at 1-877-339-4228 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch ."],"contraindications":["4 CONTRAINDICATIONS NOT FOR PREPARATION OF BLOOD PRODUCTS FOR TRANSFUSION OR FOR DIRECT INTRAVENOUS INFUSION. NOT FOR PREPARATION OF BLOOD PRODUCTS FOR TRANSFUSION OR FOR DIRECT INTRAVENOUS INFUSION. ( 4 )"],"description_table":["
Table 1: Active Ingredients
IngredientsMolecular Formula Molecular Weight
(%w/v) Citric Acid, MonohydrateC6H8O7192.12
Dextrose MonohydrateC6H12O6 ∙ H2O198.17
Sodium Citrate DihydrateC6H9Na3O9294.10
Water for InjectionH2O18.00
"],"how_supplied_table":["
SIZECATALOG NUMBERNDC NUMBER
50 mL40820Case:14537-820-03
Foil:14537-820-01
Bag:14537-820-00
"],"mechanism_of_action":["12.1 Mechanism of Action ANTICOAGULANT CITRATE DEXTROSE SOLUTION USP (ACD) SOLUTION A acts as an extracorporeal anticoagulant by binding the free calcium in the blood. Calcium is a necessary co-factor to several steps in the clotting cascade. The following ingredients are key components of the solution: Citric acid for pH regulation Sodium Citrate for anticoagulation Dextrose for isotonicity This solution has no pharmacological effect."],"storage_and_handling":["STORAGE Store up to 25 °C. Avoid excessive heat. Protect from freezing. Protect from direct sunlight."],"clinical_pharmacology":["12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 12.1 Mechanism of Action ANTICOAGULANT CITRATE DEXTROSE SOLUTION USP (ACD) SOLUTION A acts as an extracorporeal anticoagulant by binding the free calcium in the blood. Calcium is a necessary co-factor to several steps in the clotting cascade. The following ingredients are key components of the solution: Citric acid for pH regulation Sodium Citrate for anticoagulation Dextrose for isotonicity This solution has no pharmacological effect."],"indications_and_usage":["1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE ANTICOAGULANT CITRATE DEXTROSE SOLUTION USP (ACD) SOLUTION A is an anticoagulant intended for use only with devices that prepare Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) products for extracorporeal use. [See Dosage and Administration (2) .] ANTICOAGULANT CITRATE DEXTROSE SOLUTION USP (ACD) SOLUTION A is an anticoagulant intended for use only with devices that prepare Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) products for extracorporeal use. See the device operator's manual for additional information and complete usage instructions. ( 1 )"],"warnings_and_cautions":["5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Do not use the ANTICOAGULANT CITRATE DEXTROSE SOLUTION USP (ACD) SOLUTION A unless the solution is clear and the container is intact and undamaged. Do not transfer the solution bag directly into the sterile field. Do not reuse. Discard unused or partially used solution bags. Discard the product if the Needleless Access Valve (NAV) does not function as intended. Aseptically prepare the NAV before use. Do not use the ANTICOAGULANT CITRATE DEXTROSE SOLUTION USP (ACD) SOLUTION A unless the solution is clear and the container is intact and undamaged. Use aseptic technique throughout all procedures to ensure donor safety and quality. ( 5 )"],"spl_unclassified_section":["Issued: June 2024 Manufactured by Terumo BCT, Inc. Lakewood, CO 80215 Made in UK"],"dosage_and_administration":["2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ANTICOAGULANT CITRATE DEXTROSE SOLUTION USP (ACD) SOLUTION A is added to blood products collected for extracorporeal processing. ( 2 ) ANTICOAGULANT CITRATE DEXTROSE SOLUTION USP (ACD) SOLUTION A may only be used with devices that prepare Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) products for extracorporeal use. For instructions on the use of the solution see the device operator's manual. ( 2.1 ) Follow the directions for drawing ANTICOAGULANT CITRATE DEXTROSE SOLUTION USP (ACD) SOLUTION A into a syringe for further processing of the collected blood product. ( 2.2 ) 2.1 General Dosing Information ANTICOAGULANT CITRATE DEXTROSE SOLUTION USP (ACD) SOLUTION A is added to blood products collected for extracorporeal processing. The solution is manually added to collected blood products to facilitate extracorporeal processing. The amount of solution added is specified by the manufacturer of the processing set. It is not intended for direct intravenous infusion. For instructions on the use of the solution with the processing set, see the device operator's manual. 2.2 Administration Ensure solution is the ANTICOAGULANT CITRATE DEXTROSE SOLUTION USP (ACD) SOLUTION A and is within the expiration date. Inspect the solution bag. Do not use if the solution bag is damaged, leaking or if there is any visible sign of deterioration. Use only if solution is clear and free of particulate matter. Protect from sharp objects. Directions for drawing the ANTICOAGULANT CITRATE DEXTROSE SOLUTION USP (ACD) SOLUTION A from the solution bag. When directed by the processing set instructions and device operator's manual: Open the foil pouch containing the solution by finding the notch in the foil overwrap and pulling down to present the clear overwrapped solution bag. Open the clear overwrap material by holding the peelable tabs between your thumb and forefinger. Gently pull the peelable tabs along the top to open the overwrap at both corners. Once both corners are opened, gently peel along the length of the overwrap. Do not place the ANTICOAGULANT CITRATE DEXTROSE SOLUTION USP (ACD) SOLUTION A solution bag into the sterile field. The clear overwrap is not considered a sterile barrier. Before use, perform the following checks [see Warnings and Precautions (5) ] : Check for leaks by gently squeezing the bag. If leaks are found, discard the solution bag. Ensure that the solution is the ANTICOAGULANT CITRATE DEXTROSE SOLUTION USP (ACD) SOLUTION A and is within the expiration date. Inspect the solution in adequate light. Solution showing cloudiness, haze, or particulate matter should not be used. Aseptically prepare the Needleless Access Valve (NAV). Using an appropriate syringe and luer, connect to the NAV. Draw into the syringe the amount of ANTICOAGULANT CITRATE DEXTROSE SOLUTION USP (ACD) SOLUTION A required by the processing set instructions and device operator's manual. Remove the syringe from the NAV and proceed according to the processing set instructions and device operator's manual. Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and solution bag permit."],"spl_product_data_elements":["Anticoagulant Citrate Dextrose (ACD-A) Dextrose Monohydrate, sodium citrate, unspecified form, and Citric Acid Monohydrate Dextrose Monohydrate Anhydrous Dextrose Sodium Citrate, Unspecified Form Sodium Cation Citric Acid Monohydrate Anhydrous Citric Acid Water"],"dosage_forms_and_strengths":["3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS 50 mL ANTICOAGULANT CITRATE DEXTROSE SOLUTION USP (ACD) SOLUTION A is a sterile solution in a polyolefin solution bag. Each 100 mL contains: (%w/v) Citric Acid, Monohydrate 0.8 g; Dextrose Monohydrate 2.45 g; Sodium Citrate Dihydrate 2.2 g; and Water for Injection. 50 mL sterile fluid in a polyolefin solution bag. ( 3 )"],"use_in_specific_populations":["8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS ANTICOAGULANT CITRATE DEXTROSE SOLUTION USP (ACD) SOLUTION A has not been studied in controlled clinical trials with specific populations. ANTICOAGULANT CITRATE DEXTROSE SOLUTION USP (ACD) SOLUTION A has not been studied in controlled clinical trials with specific populations."],"package_label_principal_display_panel":["PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 50 mL Bag Pouch Case Label TERUMO Anticoagulant Citrate Dextrose Solution USP (ACD) Solution A Polyolefin Bag Catalog # 40820 50 mL NDC 14537-820-00 LPN - 1000066504 Indications for use: Anticoagulant intended for use only with devices that prepare Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) products for extracorporeal use. See Operator's Manuals for additional information and complete usage instructions. Caution : Only the solution bag fluid path is sterile and non-pyrogenic. Do not use unless the solution is clear and the container is intact and undamaged. Do not transfer solution bag directly into the sterile field. Sterilized with Steam. Rx only. Single use container. Not for preparation of blood products for transfusion or for direct intravenous infusion. Storage Conditions: Up to 25°C. Avoid excessive heat. Protect from freezing. Protect from direct sunlight. Each 10mL contains: Citric Acid Monohydrate USP 0.08 g Sodium Citrate Dihydrate USP 0.220 g Dextrose Monohydrate USP 0.245 g In Water for Injection USP STERILE Manufactured by TERUMO BCT, INC. 10811 West Collins Ave., Lakewood, Colorado 80215-4440, USA Made in UK Lot Expiry Date PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 50 mL Bag Pouch Case Label"]},"tags":[{"label":"Anti-coagulant","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"A09AB04","category":"atc"},{"label":"Topical","category":"route"},{"label":"Oral","category":"route"},{"label":"Nasal","category":"route"},{"label":"Aerosol","category":"form"},{"label":"Capsule","category":"form"},{"label":"Cloth","category":"form"},{"label":"Cream","category":"form"},{"label":"Active","category":"status"},{"label":"Calcium Phosphate Renal Calculi","category":"indication"},{"label":"Headache disorder","category":"indication"},{"label":"Indigestion","category":"indication"},{"label":"Pain","category":"indication"},{"label":"Struvite Renal Calculi","category":"indication"},{"label":"Baxter Hlthcare","category":"company"},{"label":"Approved 1980s","category":"decade"},{"label":"Anticoagulants","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Calcium Chelating Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Chelating Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Hematologic Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Sequestering Agents","category":"pharmacology"}],"phase":"marketed","safety":{"boxedWarnings":[],"safetySignals":[{"date":"","signal":"CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"743 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"454 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"RENAL FAILURE","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"414 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"DRUG INEFFECTIVE","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"403 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"NAUSEA","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"311 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"END STAGE RENAL DISEASE","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"300 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"HEADACHE","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"215 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"VOMITING","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"199 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"OFF LABEL USE","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"189 reports"},{"date":"","signal":"RENAL INJURY","source":"FDA FAERS","actionTaken":"182 reports"}],"commonSideEffects":[{"effect":"Administration site reactions","drugRate":"7%","severity":"common","_validated":true},{"effect":"Diarrhea","drugRate":"","severity":"common","_validated":false,"_confidence":0.3},{"effect":"Hepatic enzyme elevation","drugRate":"","severity":"common","_validated":false,"_confidence":0.3},{"effect":"Nausea","drugRate":"","severity":"common","_validated":false,"_confidence":0.3},{"effect":"Hypokalemia","drugRate":"3%","severity":"mild","_validated":true},{"effect":"Insomnia","drugRate":"3%","severity":"mild","_validated":true},{"effect":"Headache","drugRate":"2%","severity":"mild","_validated":true},{"effect":"Vomiting","drugRate":"1%","severity":"mild","_validated":true},{"effect":"Anemia","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Atrial fibrillation","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Abdominal pain","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Alkaline phosphatase increased","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Anxiety","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Aortic stenosis","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Aspartate aminotransferase increased","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Clostridioides difficile colitis","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Constipation","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Creatine phosphokinase increased","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Dyspepsia","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Electrocardiogram QT prolonged","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Erosive gastritis","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Epigastric discomfort","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Gamma-glutamyl transferase increased","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Oropharyngeal candidiasis","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Palpitations","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Somnolence","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Thrombocytopenia","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Urinary retention","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"},{"effect":"Vulvovaginal candidiasis","drugRate":"reported","severity":"unknown"}],"contraindications":["Acute erosive gastritis","Acute nephropathy","Adrenal cortical hypofunction","Alcoholism","Anemia","Anemia due to enzyme deficiency","Anuria","Azotemia","Breastfeeding (mother)","Chronic diarrhea","Chronic heart failure","Complete atrioventricular block","Congenital myotonia, autosomal dominant form","Dehydration","Disease of liver","Edema","Factor II deficiency","Familial hyperkalemic periodic paralysis","Gastrointestinal hemorrhage","Gastrointestinal obstruction","Gastrointestinal ulcer","Gastroparesis","Gout","Hemophilia","Hyperkalemia"],"specialPopulations":{"Lactation":"Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions, including QT prolongation, woman should pump and discard human milk for the duration of treatment with XENLETA and for days after the final dose.","Pregnancy":"Based on findings from animal studies, lefamulin may cause fetal harm when administered to pregnant women. There are no available data on the use of XENLETA in pregnant women to evaluate for drug-associated risk of major birth defects, miscarriage or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes.","Geriatric use":"Of the 646 patients randomized to XENLETA in Trials and 2, 268 (41.5%) were >=65 years of age. Early clinical response (ECR) rates in the subgroup of patients >=65 were similar to ECR rates in subjects <65 years of age and comparable across treatment groups (XENLETA versus moxifloxacin).The adverse reaction profiles in patients >=65 years and in patients <65 years of age were similar. The percentage of patients in the XENLETA group who had at least one adverse reaction was 30%","Paediatric use":"The safety and effectiveness of XENLETA in patients less than 18 years of age has not yet been established."}},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"company":"Baxter","patents":[{"source":"FDA Orange Book via DrugCentral","expires":"2034-06-26","territory":"US","patentNumber":"9827231"},{"source":"FDA Orange Book via DrugCentral","expires":"2034-06-23","territory":"US","patentNumber":"10624879"},{"source":"FDA Orange Book via DrugCentral","expires":"2034-06-23","territory":"US","patentNumber":"11191753"},{"source":"FDA Orange Book via DrugCentral","expires":"2033-03-15","territory":"US","patentNumber":"10568855"},{"source":"FDA Orange Book via DrugCentral","expires":"2033-03-15","territory":"US","patentNumber":"11337989"},{"source":"FDA Orange Book via DrugCentral","expires":"2033-03-15","territory":"US","patentNumber":"11439610"},{"source":"FDA Orange Book via DrugCentral","expires":"2028-10-10","territory":"US","patentNumber":"8450338"},{"source":"FDA Orange Book via DrugCentral","expires":"2028-10-10","territory":"US","patentNumber":"8481083"},{"source":"FDA Orange Book via DrugCentral","expires":"2023-09-06","territory":"US","patentNumber":"6706276"}],"pricing":[],"_sources":{"trials":{"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=CITRIC ACID","method":"api_direct","source":"ClinicalTrials.gov","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"ctgov","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:09:28.391978+00:00"},"patents":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Orange Book","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_orange_book","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:09:28.391528+00:00"},"timeline":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citric Acid","method":"deterministic","source":"Wikipedia","rawText":"","confidence":0.8,"sourceType":"wikipedia","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:09:37.752229+00:00"},"regulatory.ca":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"Health Canada DPD","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"health_canada_dpd","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:09:35.947765+00:00"},"regulatory.us":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"FDA Drugs@FDA","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_drugsfda","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:09:26.856511+00:00"},"publicationCount":{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=CITRIC ACID","method":"api_direct","source":"PubMed/NCBI","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"pubmed","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:09:36.690374+00:00"},"administration.route":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:09:25.209028+00:00"},"safety.boxedWarnings":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label (no boxed warning)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:09:25.209097+00:00"},"safety.safetySignals":{"url":"https://api.fda.gov/drug/event.json","method":"api_direct","source":"FDA FAERS","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_faers","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:09:38.666056+00:00"},"crossReferences.chemblId":{"url":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/compound_report_card/CHEMBL1261/","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL (EMBL-EBI)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:09:37.630544+00:00"},"regulatory.fda_application":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"FDA Label","rawText":"BA110057","confidence":1,"sourceType":"fda_label","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T00:09:25.209109+00:00"}},"allNames":"renacidin","offLabel":[],"synonyms":["citric acid","anhydrous citric acid","citric acid monohydrate"],"timeline":[{"date":"1982-06-22","type":"positive","source":"DrugCentral","milestone":"FDA approval (Baxter Hlthcare)"}],"approvals":[{"date":"1982-06-22","orphan":false,"company":"BAXTER HLTHCARE","regulator":"FDA"}],"brandName":"Renacidin","ecosystem":[{"indication":"Calcium Phosphate Renal Calculi","otherDrugs":[{"name":"magnesium carbonate","slug":"magnesium-carbonate","company":"United Guardian"},{"name":"potassium citrate","slug":"potassium-citrate","company":"Mission Pharma"}],"globalPrevalence":null},{"indication":"Headache disorder","otherDrugs":[{"name":"acetylsalicylic acid","slug":"acetylsalicylic-acid","company":"Endo Pharms"},{"name":"caffeine","slug":"caffeine","company":"Novartis"},{"name":"codeine","slug":"codeine","company":"Ani Pharms"},{"name":"dextromethorphan","slug":"dextromethorphan","company":"Ani Pharms"}],"globalPrevalence":1400000000},{"indication":"Indigestion","otherDrugs":[{"name":"algeldrate","slug":"algeldrate","company":"Sanofi Aventis Us"},{"name":"almasilate","slug":"almasilate","company":""},{"name":"bismuth subsalicylate","slug":"bismuth-subsalicylate","company":"Prometheus Labs"},{"name":"calcium carbonate","slug":"calcium-carbonate","company":"Mcneil Cons"}],"globalPrevalence":null},{"indication":"Pain","otherDrugs":[{"name":"acetylsalicylic acid","slug":"acetylsalicylic-acid","company":"Endo Pharms"},{"name":"bromfenac","slug":"bromfenac","company":"Bausch And Lomb Inc"},{"name":"butorphanol","slug":"butorphanol","company":""},{"name":"caffeine","slug":"caffeine","company":"Novartis"}],"globalPrevalence":1500000000},{"indication":"Struvite Renal Calculi","otherDrugs":[{"name":"acetohydroxamic acid","slug":"acetohydroxamic-acid","company":"Mission Pharma"},{"name":"magnesium carbonate","slug":"magnesium-carbonate","company":"United Guardian"}],"globalPrevalence":null}],"mechanism":{"novelty":"First-in-class","moaClass":"Acidifying Activity","modality":"Small Molecule","drugClass":"Anti-coagulant","explanation":"XENLETA is an antibacterial drug [see Microbiology (12.4)].","oneSentence":"Renacidin works by inhibiting the formation of calcium oxalate crystals in the urine, which can help prevent kidney stones.","technicalDetail":"Renacidin, or citric acid, acts as a chelating agent, binding to calcium ions and preventing them from precipitating out of solution as calcium oxalate crystals, thereby reducing the risk of kidney stone formation."},"_wikipedia":{"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium_carbonate","title":"Magnesium carbonate","extract":"Magnesium carbonate, MgCO3, is an inorganic salt that is a colourless or white solid. Several hydrated and basic forms of magnesium carbonate also exist as minerals."},"commercial":{"launchDate":"1982","_launchSource":"DrugCentral (FDA 1982-06-22, BAXTER HLTHCARE)"},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/666","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=CITRIC%20ACID","fields":["trials"],"source":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"id":3,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=CITRIC ACID","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"},{"id":4,"url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium_carbonate","fields":["history","overview"],"source":"Wikipedia"}],"_enrichedAt":"2026-03-30T10:08:50.734217","_validation":{"fieldsValidated":0,"lastValidatedAt":"2026-04-20T00:09:42.899224+00:00","fieldsConflicting":3,"overallConfidence":0.8},"biosimilars":[],"competitors":[{"drugName":"glutamic 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