{"id":"cilostazol-probucol","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"rate":null,"effect":"Headache"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Diarrhea"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Palpitations"},{"rate":null,"effect":"Dizziness"}]},"_chembl":{"chemblId":"CHEMBL799","moleculeType":"Small molecule","molecularWeight":"369.47"},"_dailymed":null,"mechanism":{"_ai_source":"claude-haiku-4.5","explanation":"Cilostazol is a phosphodiesterase-3 inhibitor that increases intracellular cAMP levels, leading to vasodilation, inhibition of platelet aggregation, and improved blood flow. Probucol is a lipophilic antioxidant that reduces oxidative stress and LDL cholesterol oxidation. The combination targets both platelet dysfunction and lipid-mediated atherosclerosis in cardiovascular disease.","oneSentence":"Cilostazol inhibits phosphodiesterase-3 to increase cAMP and promote vasodilation and antiplatelet effects, while probucol acts as an antioxidant to reduce lipid peroxidation and improve lipid profiles.","_ai_confidence":"medium"},"_scrapedAt":"2026-03-28T00:30:02.622Z","_scrapedBy":"cloudflare-swarm","_wikipedia":null,"indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Intermittent claudication and peripheral arterial disease"},{"name":"Secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease"}]},"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT02098460","phase":"PHASE4","title":"To Compare the Effect of Concomitant Administration of Probucol and Cilostazol With Probucol Single Treatment on the Atherosclerosis Related Markers (Including the Thickness of the Achilles Tendon) and Evaluate Safety (Based on Atorvastatin Treatment) in Severe Hypercholesterolemia Subject","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Otsuka Beijing Research Institute","startDate":"2013-10","conditions":"Severe Hypercholesterolemia","enrollment":300},{"nctId":"NCT00823849","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Study of Cilostazol and Probucol to Assess Their Effects on Atherosclerosis Related Biomarker","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Otsuka Beijing Research Institute","startDate":"2008-10","conditions":"Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Arteriosclerosis Obliterans","enrollment":200},{"nctId":"NCT01142284","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Evaluation of Concomitant Administration of Cilostazol and Probucol on Biomarkers, Endothelial Function and Safety","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Korea Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.","startDate":"2010-05-19","conditions":"Peripheral Artery Disease","enrollment":80},{"nctId":"NCT00549978","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Probucol and Cilostazol","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Korea Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.","startDate":"2007-10","conditions":"Healthy","enrollment":32},{"nctId":"NCT01291641","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Effect of Probucol and/or Cilostazol on Mean IMT in Patients With Coronary Heart dIsease","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Seoul National University Hospital","startDate":"2011-03","conditions":"Hyperlipidemias","enrollment":342},{"nctId":"NCT02483169","phase":"PHASE4","title":"PreventIon of IMT Progression in iSchemic Stroke Patients With High Risk of Cerebral HemOrrhage-IMT Study","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Asan Medical Center","startDate":"2009-06","conditions":"Brain Ischemia, Intracranial Hemorrhages","enrollment":800},{"nctId":"NCT01013532","phase":"PHASE4","title":"PreventIon of CArdiovascular Events in iSchemic Stroke Patients With High Risk of Cerebral HemOrrhage","status":"UNKNOWN","sponsor":"Asan Medical Center","startDate":"2009-06","conditions":"Brain Ischemia, Intracranial Hemorrhages","enrollment":1600},{"nctId":"NCT01252056","phase":"PHASE4","title":"A Clinical Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Cilostazol and Probucol in Combination on Patients With Diabetic Nephropathy","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Otsuka Beijing Research Institute","startDate":"2010-03","conditions":"Diabetic Nephropathy","enrollment":353},{"nctId":"NCT01031667","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Synergistic Effect of Combination Therapy With Cilostazol and Probucol on Plaque Stabilization and Lesion Regression: Serial Intravascular Ultrasound and Virtual Histology Study(SECURE Study)","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Yonsei University","startDate":"2009-11","conditions":"Therapy","enrollment":118},{"nctId":"NCT00823875","phase":"PHASE4","title":"Study of Cilostazol and Probucol Alone and in Combination on Atherosclerosis Related Biomarker---atherosclerosis Cerebral Infarction Patient as Study Subject","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Otsuka Beijing Research Institute","startDate":"2009-03","conditions":"Atherosclerosis Cerebral Infarction","enrollment":200}],"_emaApprovals":[],"_faersSignals":[],"_approvalHistory":[],"publicationCount":0,"rwe":[],"genericFilers":[],"relatedDrugs":[],"labelChanges":[],"biosimilarFilings":[],"pricing":[],"formularyStatus":[],"manufacturing":[],"companionDiagnostics":[],"competitors":[],"timeline":[],"patents":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"trials":[],"biosimilars":[],"latestUpdates":[],"references":[],"tags":[],"ecosystem":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"offLabel":[],"developmentCodes":[],"aliases":["Pletaal and Changtai"],"phase":"marketed","status":"active","brandName":"Cilostazol+Probucol","genericName":"Cilostazol+Probucol","companyName":"Otsuka Beijing Research Institute","companyId":"otsuka-beijing-research-institute","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Cilostazol is a small molecule phosphodiesterase 3A inhibitor used in clinical trials for various conditions, including brain ischemia, intracranial hemorrhages, hyperlipidemias, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and arteriosclerosis obliterans. Probucol is also being studied in clinical trials for these conditions, although its exact mechanism of action is not specified in the provided information.","enrichmentLevel":3,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":0,"withResults":0},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":true,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":4}}