{"id":"chloramphenicol-succinate","rwe":[{"pmid":"40850683","year":"2025","title":"Computational discovery and repurposing of chloramphenicol succinate as a potent P2Y(14) receptor antagonist for inflammatory bowel disease therapy.","finding":"","journal":"Journal of advanced research","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"38142928","year":"2024","title":"Novel hapten design, highly sensitive monoclonal antibody production, and immunoassay development for rapid screening of illegally added chloramphenicol in cosmetics.","finding":"","journal":"Journal of immunological methods","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"32963099","year":"2020","title":"In Silico Structure-Based Repositioning of Approved Drugs for Spike Glycoprotein S2 Domain Fusion Peptide of SARS-CoV-2: Rationale from Molecular Dynamics and Binding Free Energy Calculations.","finding":"","journal":"mSystems","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"31670952","year":"2019","title":"Structure-Activity Relationship of Peptide-Conjugated Chloramphenicol for Inhibiting Escherichia coli.","finding":"","journal":"Journal of medicinal chemistry","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"31167041","year":"2019","title":"Diglycine Enables Rapid Intrabacterial Hydrolysis for Activating Anbiotics against Gram-negative Bacteria.","finding":"","journal":"Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)","studyType":"Clinical Study"}],"tags":[{"label":"Amphenicol-class Antibacterial","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"Intravenous","category":"route"},{"label":"Injection","category":"form"},{"label":"Active","category":"status"},{"label":"Salmonella infection","category":"indication"},{"label":"Typhoid fever","category":"indication"},{"label":"Parkedale","category":"company"},{"label":"Approved 1950s","category":"decade"},{"label":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Anti-Infective Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Enzyme Inhibitors","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Protein Synthesis Inhibitors","category":"pharmacology"}],"phase":"marketed","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"effect":"Nausea","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Vomiting","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Diarrhea","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Glossitis","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Stomatitis","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Enterocolitis","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Headache","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Mild depression","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Mental confusion","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Delirium","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Fever","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Macular rashes","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Vesicular rashes","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""},{"effect":"Urticaria","drugRate":"","severity":"common","organSystem":""}],"specialPopulations":{"Pregnancy":"There are no adequate and well-controlled studies to establish safety of this drug in pregnancy. It is not known whether chloramphenicol can cause fetal harm when administered to pregnant woman. Orally administered chloramphenicol has been shown to cross the placental barrier. Because of potential toxic effects on the fetus (see ADVERSE REACTIONS, Gray Syndrome), chloramphenicol should be given with caution.","Geriatric use":"In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.","Paediatric use":"Precaution should be used in therapy of premature and full-term neonates and infants to avoid gray syndrome toxicity. Due to immature metabolic processes in the neonate and infant, excessive blood levels may result from administration of the recommended dose. The dosage should be adjusted accordingly or, preferable, the blood concentration should be determined at appropriate intervals (see ADVERSE REACTIONS, Gray Syndrome).","Hepatic impairment":"greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy"},"seriousAdverseEvents":[{"effect":"Aplastic anemia","drugRate":"0.0025%","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Bone marrow depression","drugRate":"","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Hypoplastic anemia","drugRate":"","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Thrombocytopenia","drugRate":"","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Granulocytopenia","drugRate":"","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Pancytopenia","drugRate":"","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Gray syndrome","drugRate":"","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Optic neuritis","drugRate":"","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Peripheral neuritis","drugRate":"","severity":"serious"},{"effect":"Anaphylaxis","drugRate":"","severity":"serious"}]},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"company":"Parkedale","patents":[],"pricing":[],"_sources":{"trials":{"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=chloramphenicol succinate","method":"api_direct","source":"ClinicalTrials.gov","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"ctgov","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:32:18.601369+00:00"},"regulatory.ca":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"Health Canada DPD","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"health_canada_dpd","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:32:25.036445+00:00"},"publicationCount":{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=chloramphenicol succinate","method":"api_direct","source":"PubMed/NCBI","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"pubmed","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:32:25.818090+00:00"},"mechanism.target_chembl":{"url":"","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL mechanism: Bacterial 70S ribosome inhibitor","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:32:26.854107+00:00"},"crossReferences.chemblId":{"url":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/compound_report_card/CHEMBL1200729/","method":"api_direct","source":"ChEMBL (EMBL-EBI)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"chembl","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T03:32:26.750376+00:00"}},"allNames":"chloromycetin","offLabel":[],"synonyms":["chloramphenicol succinate","chloramphenicol sodium succinate","chloramphenicol succinate sodium","levomycetin sodium succinate","sodium chloramphenicol succinate","chloramphenicol monosuccinate sodium salt"],"timeline":[{"date":"1950-12-08","type":"positive","source":"DrugCentral","milestone":"FDA approval (Parkedale)"}],"aiSummary":"Chloromycetin (chloramphenicol succinate) is a small molecule antibiotic in the Amphenicol-class, originally developed and currently owned by Parkedale. It was FDA-approved in 1950 for the treatment of Salmonella infection and Typhoid fever. Chloromycetin works by inhibiting protein synthesis in bacteria, preventing them from reproducing and causing infection. As a patented product, its commercial status is not generic. Key safety considerations include potential bone marrow suppression and grey baby syndrome.","approvals":[{"date":"1950-12-08","orphan":false,"company":"PARKEDALE","regulator":"FDA"}],"brandName":"Chloromycetin","ecosystem":[{"indication":"Salmonella infection","otherDrugs":[],"globalPrevalence":null},{"indication":"Typhoid fever","otherDrugs":[{"name":"chloramphenicol","slug":"chloramphenicol","company":"Parkedale"},{"name":"ciprofloxacin","slug":"ciprofloxacin","company":"Bayer Hlthcare"},{"name":"norfloxacin","slug":"norfloxacin","company":""},{"name":"ofloxacin","slug":"ofloxacin","company":""}],"globalPrevalence":2000000000}],"mechanism":{"modality":"Small Molecule","drugClass":"Amphenicol-class Antibacterial","explanation":"","oneSentence":"","technicalDetail":"Chloramphenicol binds to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, inhibiting the peptidyl transferase activity and thus preventing the formation of peptide bonds, which are essential for protein synthesis."},"commercial":{"launchDate":"1950","_launchSource":"DrugCentral (FDA 1950-12-08, PARKEDALE)"},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/4653","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=chloramphenicol succinate","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"}],"_enrichedAt":"2026-03-30T09:32:46.321747","_validation":{"fieldsValidated":0,"lastValidatedAt":"2026-04-20T03:32:28.650753+00:00","fieldsConflicting":2,"overallConfidence":0.8},"biosimilars":[],"competitors":[],"genericName":"chloramphenicol succinate","indications":{"approved":[{"name":"Salmonella infection","source":"DrugCentral","snomedId":302231008,"regulator":"FDA"},{"name":"Typhoid 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CL8","PUBCHEM_CID":"656580","SNOMEDCT_US":"372777009","SECONDARY_CAS_RN":"3544-94-3","MESH_DESCRIPTOR_UI":"D002701","MESH_SUPPLEMENTAL_RECORD_UI":"C026016"},"formularyStatus":[],"_enricherVersion":"v2","developmentCodes":[],"ownershipHistory":[{"period":"1950-","companyName":"Parkedale","relationship":"Original Developer"}],"publicationCount":111,"therapeuticAreas":["Infectious Disease"],"biosimilarFilings":[],"originalDeveloper":"Parkedale","recentPublications":[{"date":"2025 Aug 22","pmid":"40850683","title":"Computational discovery and repurposing of chloramphenicol succinate as a potent P2Y(14) receptor antagonist for inflammatory bowel disease therapy.","journal":"Journal of advanced research"},{"date":"2024 Feb","pmid":"38142928","title":"Novel hapten design, highly sensitive monoclonal antibody production, and immunoassay development for rapid screening of illegally added chloramphenicol in cosmetics.","journal":"Journal of immunological methods"},{"date":"2020 Sep 22","pmid":"32963099","title":"In Silico Structure-Based Repositioning of Approved Drugs for Spike Glycoprotein S2 Domain Fusion Peptide of SARS-CoV-2: Rationale from Molecular Dynamics and Binding Free Energy Calculations.","journal":"mSystems"},{"date":"2019 Nov 27","pmid":"31670952","title":"Structure-Activity Relationship of Peptide-Conjugated Chloramphenicol for Inhibiting Escherichia coli.","journal":"Journal of medicinal chemistry"},{"date":"2019 Jul 29","pmid":"31167041","title":"Diglycine Enables Rapid Intrabacterial Hydrolysis for Activating Anbiotics against Gram-negative Bacteria.","journal":"Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)"}],"companionDiagnostics":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"status":"active","companyName":"Parkedale","companyId":"parkedale","modality":"Small 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