{"id":"caroverine","rwe":[{"pmid":"40342535","year":"2025","title":"NMDA Receptors: Next therapeutic targets for Tinnitus?","finding":"","journal":"Biochemistry and biophysics reports","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"39973826","year":"2024","title":"Comparative analysis of efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of betahistine alone, caroverine alone, and caroverine plus ginkgo biloba in moderate tinnitus.","finding":"","journal":"Indian journal of pharmacology","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"39629381","year":"2024","title":"Effect of oral caroverine in the treatment of tinnitus: A quasi-experimental study.","finding":"","journal":"Journal of family medicine and primary care","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"39376418","year":"2024","title":"A Comparative Analysis of the Efficacy of Ginkgo Biloba and Caroverine in the Management of Idiopathic Tinnitus.","finding":"","journal":"Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India","studyType":"Clinical Study"},{"pmid":"35317886","year":"2022","title":"Treatment strategies for postviral olfactory dysfunction: A systematic review.","finding":"","journal":"Allergy and asthma proceedings","studyType":"Clinical Study"}],"tags":[{"label":"caroverine","category":"class"},{"label":"Small Molecule","category":"modality"},{"label":"A03AX11","category":"atc"},{"label":"Active","category":"status"},{"label":"Calcium Channel Blockers","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Cardiovascular Agents","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Membrane Transport Modulators","category":"pharmacology"},{"label":"Neurotransmitter Agents","category":"pharmacology"}],"phase":"phase_2","safety":{"commonSideEffects":[{"effect":"Hypoaesthesia Oral","drugRate":"40.7%","organSystem":"Gastrointestinal disorders","placeboRate":"","totalAtRisk":54,"totalAffected":22,"trialsReporting":1},{"effect":"Paraesthesia Oral","drugRate":"16.7%","organSystem":"Gastrointestinal disorders","placeboRate":"","totalAtRisk":54,"totalAffected":9,"trialsReporting":1},{"effect":"Product Taste Abnormal","drugRate":"5.6%","organSystem":"Product Issues","placeboRate":"","totalAtRisk":54,"totalAffected":3,"trialsReporting":1},{"effect":"Somnolence","drugRate":"3.7%","organSystem":"Nervous system disorders","placeboRate":"","totalAtRisk":54,"totalAffected":2,"trialsReporting":1}]},"trials":[],"aliases":[],"patents":[],"pricing":[],"_sources":{"safety.commonSideEffects":{"url":"","method":"deterministic","source":"ClinicalTrials.gov (1 trials)","rawText":"","confidence":1,"sourceType":"ctgov_results","retrievedAt":"2026-04-20T08:48:39.394295+00:00"}},"allNames":"spadon","offLabel":[],"synonyms":["caroverine","spadon"],"timeline":[],"brandName":"Spadon","ecosystem":[],"mechanism":{"modality":"Small Molecule","drugClass":"caroverine","explanation":"Imagine your brain is a busy city with many different streets and intersections. Spadon helps control the flow of traffic by regulating the movement of ions and neurotransmitters, which are like cars and trucks that carry important messages between different parts of the brain.","oneSentence":"Spadon works by affecting the flow of ions and neurotransmitters in the brain.","technicalDetail":"Spadon is a caroverine, a class of small molecule compounds that modulate ion channels and affect neurotransmitter release through a complex interplay of molecular interactions, including binding to specific receptors and influencing the activity of ion channels such as potassium and calcium channels."},"commercial":{},"references":[{"id":1,"url":"https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/514","fields":["approvals","synonyms","ATC","PK","indications","contraindications","DDIs","targets","patents","FAERS"],"source":"DrugCentral"},{"id":2,"url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=CAROVERINE","fields":["trials"],"source":"ClinicalTrials.gov"},{"id":3,"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=CAROVERINE","fields":["publications"],"source":"PubMed/NCBI"}],"_enrichedAt":"2026-03-30T09:11:07.410144","_validation":{"fieldsValidated":1,"lastValidatedAt":"2026-04-20T08:48:47.591745+00:00","fieldsConflicting":0,"overallConfidence":0.95},"biosimilars":[],"competitors":[{"drugName":"isometheptene","drugSlug":"isometheptene","fdaApproval":"","relationship":"same-class"}],"genericName":"caroverine","indications":{"approved":[],"offLabel":[],"pipeline":[]},"drugCategory":"active","labelChanges":[],"relatedDrugs":[{"drugId":"isometheptene","brandName":"isometheptene","genericName":"isometheptene","approvalYear":"","relationship":"same-class"}],"trialDetails":[{"nctId":"NCT02421679","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Open Label Extension Safety and Efficacy Study of TNX-102 SL Tablets in Military Related PTSD and Related Conditions","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Tonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc.","startDate":"2015-04-14","conditions":["PTSD"],"enrollment":159,"completionDate":"2016-05-26"},{"nctId":"NCT02277704","phase":"PHASE2","title":"Safety and Efficacy Study of TNX-102 SL in Subjects With Military-Related PTSD and Related Conditions","status":"COMPLETED","sponsor":"Tonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc.","startDate":"2014-10","conditions":["PTSD"],"enrollment":245,"completionDate":"2016-05"},{"nctId":"NCT01174979","phase":"PHASE3","title":"Caroverin and Inner Ear Diseases","status":"SUSPENDED","sponsor":"Phafag AG","startDate":"2011-01","conditions":["Tinnitus"],"enrollment":170,"completionDate":""}],"genericFilers":[],"latestUpdates":[],"manufacturing":[],"crossReferences":{"UNII":"XJ73B0K6KB","CHEBI":"CHEBI:135541","INN_ID":"3254","UMLSCUI":"C0108530","ChEMBL_ID":"CHEMBL1729803","KEGG_DRUG":"D07098","DRUGBANK_ID":"DB13835","PUBCHEM_CID":"65709","MESH_SUPPLEMENTAL_RECORD_UI":"C000957"},"formularyStatus":[],"_enricherVersion":"v2","developmentCodes":[],"ownershipHistory":[],"publicationCount":45,"therapeuticAreas":["Neuroscience"],"atcClassification":{"source":"DrugCentral","atcCode":"A03AX11","allCodes":["A03AX11"]},"biosimilarFilings":[],"recentPublications":[{"date":"2025 Jun","pmid":"40342535","title":"NMDA Receptors: Next therapeutic targets for Tinnitus?","journal":"Biochemistry and biophysics reports"},{"date":"2024 Nov 1","pmid":"39973826","title":"Comparative analysis of efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of betahistine alone, caroverine alone, and caroverine plus ginkgo biloba in moderate tinnitus.","journal":"Indian journal of pharmacology"},{"date":"2024 Oct","pmid":"39629381","title":"Effect of oral caroverine in the treatment of tinnitus: A quasi-experimental study.","journal":"Journal of family medicine and primary care"},{"date":"2024 Oct","pmid":"39376418","title":"A Comparative Analysis of the Efficacy of Ginkgo Biloba and Caroverine in the Management of Idiopathic Tinnitus.","journal":"Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India"},{"date":"2022 Mar 1","pmid":"35317886","title":"Treatment strategies for postviral olfactory dysfunction: A systematic review.","journal":"Allergy and asthma proceedings"}],"companionDiagnostics":[],"genericManufacturerList":[],"status":"active","companyName":"","companyId":"","modality":"Small molecule","firstApprovalDate":"","aiSummary":"Spadon, also known as CAROVERINE, is a small molecule drug in the caroverine class. Its exact target and mechanism of action are unknown, but it is believed to work by modulating ion channels and affecting neurotransmitter release. Spadon's commercial status and approved indications are unclear, and it is not known whether it is patented or available as a generic. Further research is needed to fully understand its pharmacology and clinical utility. As a result, key safety considerations and dosing information are not well established.","enrichmentLevel":5,"visitCount":0,"trialStats":{"total":1,"withResults":1},"validation":{"fieldsValidated":1,"lastValidatedAt":"2026-04-20T08:48:47.591745+00:00","fieldsConflicting":0,"overallConfidence":0.95},"verificationStatus":"verified","dataCompleteness":{"mechanism":true,"indications":false,"safety":true,"trials":true,"score":3}}